高强抗震钢筋中铌的碳、氮化物析出热力学研究

摘要：连铸过程中铌的氮化物、碳化物和碳氮化物在奥氏体晶界的析出对铸坯的质量产生严重的影响。分析了500MPa级高强度抗震钢筋(HRB500E)中铌的氮化物、碳化物和碳氮化物在液相、凝固过程以及奥氏体相等不同阶段的析出热力学，计算了不同温度下NbN和NbC的平衡/实际浓度积，得到NbN和NbC在微合金钢连铸过程中的析出规律。计算结果表明：在HRB500E钢中，NbN、NbC在钢液成分均质状态和凝固过程中难以析出；在奥氏体相中，随着温度的降低，NbC、NbN及NbC0.85N0.15具备析出热力学条件，析出温度分别为1377、1229 和1378K，析出顺序依次为：NbC0.85N0.15、NbC、NbN。     

高强抗震钢筋中铌的碳、氮化物析出热力学研究

连铸过程中铌的氮化物、碳化物和碳氮化物在奥氏体晶界的析出对铸坯的质量产生严重的影响。分析了500 MPa级高强度抗震钢筋(HRB500E)中铌的氮化物、碳化物和碳氮化物在液相、凝固过程以及奥氏体相等不同阶段的析出热力学,计算了不同温度下NbN和NbC的平衡/实际浓度积,得到NbN和NbC在微合金钢连铸过程中的析出规律。计算结果表明:在HRB500E钢中,NbN、NbC在钢液成分均质状态和凝固过程中难以析出;在奥氏体相中,随着温度的降低,NbC、NbN及NbC_(0.85)N_(0.15)具备析出热力学条件,析出温度分别为1 377、1 229和1 378 K,析出顺序依次为:NbC_(0.85)N_(0.15)、NbC、NbN。     

低合金高强度钢中氮化物和碳化物析出热力学

 系统分析了低合金高强度钢(16Mn)在液相、凝固过程以及奥氏体相等不同阶段中碳化物、氮化物析出的热力学条件，计算了不同温度下铝、铌及钛的碳化物、氮化物的析出平衡浓度关系，得到了各种析出物的析出顺序。     

DH36钢中碳氮化物析出的热力学分析

针对Fe-Nb-Ti-C-N系统, 利用双亚点阵模型对DH36钢中碳氮析出物析出条件进行热力学计算.计算结果表明, 钛的碳氮化物析出温度为1 380 ℃, 铌的碳氮化物析出温度为1 100 ℃.其中在1 100~1 400 ℃的高温区, TiN为影响奥氏体均热阶段晶粒长大的主要因素.在1 100 ℃以下的低温区NbC、TiC是抑制DH36钢中奥氏体再结晶及再结晶后奥氏体长大的重要因素.      

连铸过程铌钛微合金钢中第二相复合析出模型

针对连铸过程铌钛微合金钢中第二相在固液两相区和奥氏体内的复合析出行为,通过近似处理建立了多元第二相复合析出的热力学模型,并利用模型研究了X80,E36,J55钢中第二相的析出行为。结果表明:在凝固过程不同的Ti/N摩尔比对液相中Ti,C,N元素的变化影响显著,先析出的第二相对后析出的第二相影响显著,成分高低的差异不但导致第二相析出量的不同,而且也导致析出相种类的不同,碳氮化物在析出的过程中C,N元素摩尔分数的变化受析出温度和钢中元素含量的影响。     

低合金高强度钢奥氏体相中碳氮化物的析出模型

采用规则溶液描述低合金高强度钢奥氏体相中碳氮化物的热力学性质,以经典形核理论为基础,建立了低合金高强度钢奥氏体相中碳氮化物在连续冷却过程中碳氮化物析出模型.计算结果表明:冷却速率对碳氮化铌的析出及长大有重要影响.在不同冷却条件下,碳氮化铌的析出量随反应时间呈先增加后减少的趋势;随着冷却速率的提高,达到析出量峰值的时间越短,析出量和析出粒子的平均直径均减小.     

高牌号无取向电工钢中硫化物、氮化物析出的热力学分析

分析了高牌号无取向电工钢在液相、凝固过程以及奥氏体相等不同阶段中,硫化物、氮化物析出的热力学条件,计算了不同温度下硫化物、氮化物的析出平衡浓度关系,得到了各种析出物的析出温度。     

Nb-Ti微合金钢碳氮化物的析出热力学模型及分析

以规则溶液亚点阵模型为基础,针对Fe-Nb-Ti-C-N系统,进行了热力学平衡计算。计算结果表明,高温阶段的析出相为TiN,微细的TiN强烈地抑制奥氏体晶粒长大;低温阶段的析出相以碳化物(NbTi)C为主,NbC和TiC是抑制奥氏体再结晶及再结晶后晶粒长大的主要因素。析出相形成元素Ti的增加引起其形核化学驱动力增大,并加快析出的动力学过程。     

HRB500E抗震钢筋中钛化物析出热力学分析

 钢液凝固过程中钛化物在液相、固相的存在形态对固相组织的性能有着重要的影响,其第二相析出起到细化晶粒的作用。为分析HRB500E抗震钢筋钢中TiN、TiC、Ti(C,N)析出物的析出规律,对TiN、TiC、Ti(C,N)析出物进行热力学计算。结果表明,TiN、TiC在钢液成分均质状态下难以析出,TiC_0.19N_0.81在温度为1 843 K时析出;在凝固过程中,由于Ti、N在凝固前沿富集,TiN在凝固过程中具备析出的热力学条件,析出温度为1 745 K;在固相奥氏体中,TiN和TiC粒子具备析出热力学条件,TiC析出温度比TiN的低,铁素体中有TiC的析出。     

一种Nb-Ti微合金钢微合金碳氮化物析出行为的研究

利用热模拟和TEM技术研究了Nb—Ti微合金钢中微合金碳氮化物的析出行为,研究结果表明,高温奥氏体区析出的微合金碳氮化物数量随变形量的增大而增加,尺寸随着变形温度的升高稍有增大。铁素体区析出的微合金碳氮化物尺寸比在形变奥氏体中析出的更为细小,数量随着保温时间的增加而增多,但尺寸变化不大;当温度较低的时候,微合金碳氮化物主要在位错线等晶内缺陷处析出。     

Structure and Properties of a Low-Carbon, Microalloyed, Ultra-High-Strength Steel

The current study concerns the development of a low-carbon, microalloyed ultra-high-strength steel on a pilot scale. The continuous cooling transformation has been evaluated, and a flat top “C” curve with a mixed microstructure of bainite and martensite has been obtained at a lower transformation temperature. The steel has been processed thermomechanically, followed by air cooling and water quenching. In addition, a variation in microstructure and mechanical properties at different finish rolling temperatures has been studied. Although a mixture of granular bainite and bainitic ferrite with interlath and intralath precipitation of NbC/NbC(N)/TiC(N) particles are the characteristic microstructural feature of air-cooled steel, the lath martensitic structure along the fine NbC/NbC(N)/TiC(N) precipitate is obtained in case of a water-quenched steel. The high-strength value obtained in the current steel is caused by the accumulated contribution of fine-grained, pancaked austenite, highly dislocated fine lath martensitic structure along with the presence of tiny precipitates of microalloy carbide/carbonitride.     

Characterisation of microalloy precipitates in the austenitic range of high strength low alloy steels

Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the particle size distribution, morphology, composition, and crystallography of microalloy (Ti, Nb) precipitates in 4130 steels between 900 to 1250 °C. Considering the Ti fraction, the size and the morphology, two types of precipitates were identified: cuboidal coarse TiNbMo carbonitrides, rich in TiN and a fine dispersion between 2 to 25 nm of TiNbMo carbides. The progressive formation of higher soluble phases, such as NbC and MoC, was observed on the pre‐existent, TiN and TiC precipitates. In the studied conditions, nitrides were found to be insoluble and quite resistant to coarsening. On the contrary, carbides not only began dissolution in the range of 960 ‐ 1000 °C according to the microalloy content in the steel, but also produced abnormal grain growth.     

Equilibrium Model of Precipitation in Microalloyed Steels

The formation of precipitates during thermal processing of microalloyed steels greatly influences their mechanical properties. Precipitation behavior varies with steel composition and temperature history and can lead to beneficial grain refinement or detrimental transverse surface cracks. This work presents an efficient computational model of equilibrium precipitation of oxides, sulfides, nitrides, and carbides in steels, based on satisfying solubility limits including Wagner interaction between elements, mutual solubility between precipitates, and mass conservation of alloying elements. The model predicts the compositions and amounts of stable precipitates for multicomponent microalloyed steels in liquid, ferrite, and austenite phases at any temperature. The model is first validated by comparing with analytical solutions of simple cases, predictions using the commercial package JMat-PRO, and previous experimental observations. Then it is applied to track the evolution of precipitate amounts during continuous casting of two commercial steels (1004 LCAK and 1006Nb HSLA) at two different casting speeds. This model is easy to modify to incorporate other precipitates, or new thermodynamic data, and is a useful tool for equilibrium precipitation analysis.     

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Precipitation Behavior of Carbonitride in Microalloyed Steel Slab

In the continuous casting of the microalloyed steel, the slab surface transversal cracking could be prevented through the control of the slab surface microstructure, which correlates with the precipitation behavior of carbonitrides in the microalloyed steel. Therefore, the cooling rate is the key factor to determine the precipitation behavior of carbonitrides. This article used confocal laser scanning microscopy to study the effect of different cooling rates on the precipitation behavior of the carbonitrides in the microalloyed steel slab. When the cooling rate is less than 3 K·s⁻¹, the precipitates in the steel are coarse, growing out along the austenite grain boundaries, and form a chain-like distribution. These precipitates seriously reduced the hot ductility of slab. Quantitative study between the cooling rate and the precipitation behavior of carbonitrides in microalloyed steel also has been developed. The results of this study could be used to improve the understanding of the slab surface microstructure controlling to enhance the hot ductility of the slab and avoid the surface crack of the slab.     

氮在非调质钢中的作用

了氮在非调质钢中所起的有益作用。在Ｎｂ,Ｖ,Ｔｉ三咱微合金化元素中,钒有较高的溶解度,钒有较高的溶解度,是非调质钢最常用也是最有效的强化元素。钒在钢中通过形成细小析出相起细化晶粒和沉淀强化作用。与碳相比,氮与钒有更强的亲和力,且氮化物更稳定,因此,氮对控制钒的析出起更重要的作用。大量研究结果表明,非调质钢中增氮改变了钒在相间的分布,促进Ｖ（Ｃ,Ｎ）析出,使析出相的颗粒尺寸明显减小。因而氮增强了非调     

钛微合金钢中碳氮化钛固溶量及化学组成的计算与分析

根据相关热力学理论,提出了钛微合金钢中钛、碳、氮元素在奥氏体中的平衡固溶量及平衡沉淀析出的碳氮化钛的化学式系数的理论计算方法,对典型化学成分的钛微合金钢进行了理论计算并对计算结果进行了分析.结果表明,通常情况下在较高温度析出或未溶的碳氮化钛相当接近于TiN.