The Outsourcing "Prince": Models of Supply Chain Governance in the Italian Automobile Districts

The main hypothesis of this paper is that the economic and social risks of outsourcing for individual and collective actors can be reduced or better controlled if the decentralization processes are the subject of innovative forms of negotiated regulation. But models of supply chain governance are very different not only across countries, e.g. between Italy and the USA, but also across territories within the same country, as in the case of the Italian automobile districts. The results of comparative empirical studies of outsourcing in the USA and Italy underline differences in the form of social regulation, more competitive in the former than the latter. But a comparative analysis of the two Italian regions of Piedmont and Basilicata reveals very divergent territorial patterns of supply chain governance alongside some common tendencies in relation to innovation, industrial relations, and human resource management.     

供应链战略性物流外包中的界面管理研究

研究了供应链管理下战略性物流外包双方之间的协作机制。在对物流外包中界面管理的内涵进行简单概括后，从信息的不对称、跨企业的资源分配和流程设计以及物流服务水平的不断提高等方面分析了物流外包界面管理的动因。借鉴界面管理的基本理论，将供应链管理下物流外包中的界面划分为两类：一是横向界面，包括物流外包中不同企业间的界面和业务处理流程中的内部联系；二是在物流外包中企业内部之间的纵向界面。在对物流外包中的各种界面进行具体分析之后，阐述了不同界面之间的相互联系，并根据各自的特点给出了相应的管理方法和具体措施。     

智能数学模型在物流供应链中的应用

概述了新经济时代对供应链管理模式的影响，提出了以智能数学为基础，应用智能模型方法解决现代物流中复杂问题的思路，并结合SWOT分析给出了应用实例。     

供应链网链模型在汽车行业的应用及改进

从分析供应链网链模型的原则入手,将其应用于汽车业供应链中,并从资金流、物流（或服务流）和信息流的角度,分析了汽车业供应链网链模型的特点。根据行业的实际情况,对汽车业网链模型提出了改进建议,详细研究了信贷资金流A、B和逆向物流的运作。这种改进对于提高汽车业供应链的管理效率有一定借鉴意义。     

Introduction: Supply Chain Governance and Regional Development in the Global Economy

The discipline of economics has treated technological standards creation as an outcome of network externalities and decisions on the demand side. They pay little attention to the supply side, where firms make strategic choices as to which standard to support. These choices can ignite a contest between adherents to the different proposed standards. This case study examines the contest between the Ethernet and Token Ring standards for local area networking. IBM sponsored Token Ring, but then made it difficult for other firms to be successful in supplying components. In contrast, Ethernet's sponsors, DEC, Intel, and Xerox, structured the marketplace in such a way as to encourage supporters. The resulting Ethernet community was able to lower costs and improve the technology so dramatically that the Token Ring standard, which had initially been technically superior, was overwhelmed. We find that the critical difference in explaining the success of Ethernet was the nature and strategy of the standard's sponsors in assisting the growth of a community of firms supporting the standard.     

Introduction: Supply Chain Governance and Regional Development in the Global Economy

The discipline of economics has treated technological standards creation as an outcome of network externalities and decisions on the demand side. They pay little attention to the supply side, where firms make strategic choices as to which standard to support. These choices can ignite a contest between adherents to the different proposed standards. This case study examines the contest between the Ethernet and Token Ring standards for local area networking. IBM sponsored Token Ring, but then made it difficult for other firms to be successful in supplying components. In contrast, Ethernet's sponsors, DEC, Intel, and Xerox, structured the marketplace in such a way as to encourage supporters. The resulting Ethernet community was able to lower costs and improve the technology so dramatically that the Token Ring standard, which had initially been technically superior, was overwhelmed. We find that the critical difference in explaining the success of Ethernet was the nature and strategy of the standard's sponsors in assisting the growth of a community of firms supporting the standard.     

汽车工业供应链网络结构模式的比较研究

初步分析了日本、美国和我国的汽车工业供应链网络结构模式，在实证研究的基础上，对适合我国的汽车工业企业的分工网络及协作体系进行了初步探讨。     

基于服务外包视角的生产性服务供应链管理模式

针对服务外包的兴起、生产性服务业快速发展的背景,在对服务供应链内涵研究的基础上提出了基于服务外包视角的生产性服务供应链的基本模式,并从供应链结构、运营模式、供应链稳定性及供应链管理内容等方面对其特性进行了探讨,最后从企业外在拉动力和内在推动力两方面分析了生产性服务供应链的形成动因.     

汽车供应链的顾客满意度评价指标体系

在分析了汽车供应链的结构和管理模式的基础上,提出汽车供应链应当根据最终顾客的需求建立综合的顾客满意度评价指标体系,并对体系构建的目的和原则、基本路线、关键指标的设计、指标权重的确定、满意度的评定和满意度调查结果的分析等几个方面,进行了较为详细的探讨。     

供应链拓扑结构模型研究

供应链是随着全球制造的兴起而出现的新型的管理模式。本文从企业与企业之间关系的角度提出了供应链的拓扑结构模型：链状模型、网状模型和石墨模型，相应地给出了供应链的子网、级、入点、出点等概念。本文针对不同的研究对象和研究阶段而提出的供应链概念和模型有助于对供应链的和认识和研究，对国有企业重组有启示意义。     

Symposium: Italian Industrial Districts In The I99Os

This paper reviews the scholarship concerning the rise to economic prominence of the Italian industrial districts, and the causes of some of the difficulties in which some districts have found themselves since the mid-1980s. The paper develops the main lines of the economic advantages that districts enjoyed during a period of rapid growth, resulting from the operation of a market in common which blends competition and cooperation. The effects of globalisation are changing this somewhat ‘idyllic’ picture, as the structure of linkages between firms comes under pressure. Prospects for the Italian districts in these new circumstances are discussed.     

集群式供应链多级跨链间库存协作模型研究

针对集群式供应链多级跨链间库存管理协作,利用系统动力学仿真方法,分别探讨了相同链节之间库存互补模型和不同链节之间库存互补模型,并对比分析这两种库存互补模型.通过对仿真数据进行分析得出,采用不同链节之间库存互补能够在保持库存水平不发生较大变化的前提条件下较大地提高顾客需求满足率,并且能够较稳定地保持这种高水平满足率,因此采用不同链节之间库存互补模型,比采用相同链节之间库存互补模型更有优越性.     

具有促进销售作用业务的供应链外包模式决策研究

分析外包业务的特点对供应链外包模式决策的影响。构建博弈模型,探讨外包业务的销售促进作用对外包模式决策及利润的影响。研究发现,当外包业务不具有销售促进作用时,多数情况下双方偏好同样的外包模式。即使不一致时,对于外包控制权也会互相“谦让”,而非“争夺”。当外包业务具有销售促进作用时,则双方在许多情况下偏好相反,且会出现 “争夺”外包控制权的情形。生产商和分销商的业务外包商在业务成本方面的差异对于双方外包模式的偏好具有重要的影响。     

基于Nash谈判的三级逆向供应链合作利益分配模型

逆向供应链的顺利实施需要各方的共同努力以及合理的利益分配,针对由制造商、零售商和第三方物流服务商组成的三级逆向供应链系统,应用Stakelberg博弈模型研究三级逆向供应链的合作问题,并考虑合作各方参与逆向供应链的地位权重,运用Nash谈判模型对总体利益进行两次分配.研究结果表明,逆向供应链的合作及合理的利益分配可提高...     

供应链中的信息共享及其共享模式

以基于第三方物流的供应链为背景，对比分析了在没有和引入第三方物流两种情况下供应链运作中信息共享的作用，设计了基于第三方物流的供应链运作的4个信息共享区，分析了4个区域的信息共享需求，设计了3种共享信息模式，分析了5种结构，从共享信息的访问比较了各种模式的特点，并给出了实例。     

不同供应链决策模式下的交货时间问题

在一个经典供应链模型基础上,分析了同一行业背景下的3种不同决策模式下的供应链企业交货时间,得出3种决策模式下的最优交货时间,它们不受决策模式的影响.通过对最优交货时间的研究,给出企业在供应链决策中和选择上应注意的问题.     

基于供应链整体利益最大化的企业订货策略研究

经典的经济订货模型(EOQ)仅仅从买方的角度来考虑订货过程中的成本最小化问题。本文从企业和供应商这一供应链系统的整体利益角度,综合考虑了双方在订货中的储存和订货等费用来研究最优订货策略;在订货实务中,还对供应链整体的单位存储费用进行了变通处理。通过订货实例,分析了这种订货策略对买卖双方以及整体利益的影响。     

我国汽车工业供应链网络模式的实证研究

供应链网络模式是供应链管理及整个供应链网络的竞争能力的基础和关键所在。通过总结供应链网络的形成机理，根据对我国有代表性的十几家汽车工业企业的实证调查，重点分析总结了当前我国汽车工业企业间的互动模式及其供应链网络模式；内配网络呈现多层式金字塔结构：外配网络呈现双层式（中协）体系结构。同时，还对目前我国汽车工业供应链网络模式中存在的有关问题进行了分析探讨。     

专利保护下的闭环供应链再制造模式选择策略

研究再制造市场竞争的文献通常认为再制造商的进入会对原制造商形成威胁,而本文在专利保护的背景下发现第三方再制造商的进入有利于制造商利润的增加.在原制造商可向从事再制造的供应链参与方索取专利授权费的背景下,研究了供应链中垄断制造商的最优再制造模式选择问题.研究发现:对零售商而言,零售商再制造模式对其最有利,而第三方再制造模式对其最为不利;对制造商而言,第三方再制造模式下其利润水平最高,第三方再制造时其最有利.处于供应链中领导地位的制造商应当选择第三方再制造企业进行其旧产品的回收再制造.     

新产品质量对闭环供应链再制造模式选择的影响

研究了新产品质量对闭环供应链回收再制造模式选择的影响。借助博弈论,建立了原制造商外包再制造和授权再制造的Stackelberg博弈模型,利用逆向归纳法解得两个模型的均衡解和供应链利润,并对均衡结果进行了比较分析。研究发现：外包再制造模式的供应链利润、消费者剩余、社会福利均优于授权再制造模式。原制造商选择外包再制造模式的利润要高于授权再制造模式,而第三方制造商最优策略受再制品价值折扣与新产品质量的影响。当再制品价值折扣系数与回收规模满足一定条件,而且新产品质量较高时,原制造商采取外包模式对环境更加友好。