The Outsourcing "Prince": Models of Supply Chain Governance in the Italian Automobile Districts

The main hypothesis of this paper is that the economic and social risks of outsourcing for individual and collective actors can be reduced or better controlled if the decentralization processes are the subject of innovative forms of negotiated regulation. But models of supply chain governance are very different not only across countries, e.g. between Italy and the USA, but also across territories within the same country, as in the case of the Italian automobile districts. The results of comparative empirical studies of outsourcing in the USA and Italy underline differences in the form of social regulation, more competitive in the former than the latter. But a comparative analysis of the two Italian regions of Piedmont and Basilicata reveals very divergent territorial patterns of supply chain governance alongside some common tendencies in relation to innovation, industrial relations, and human resource management.     

供应链战略性物流外包中的界面管理研究

研究了供应链管理下战略性物流外包双方之间的协作机制。在对物流外包中界面管理的内涵进行简单概括后，从信息的不对称、跨企业的资源分配和流程设计以及物流服务水平的不断提高等方面分析了物流外包界面管理的动因。借鉴界面管理的基本理论，将供应链管理下物流外包中的界面划分为两类：一是横向界面，包括物流外包中不同企业间的界面和业务处理流程中的内部联系；二是在物流外包中企业内部之间的纵向界面。在对物流外包中的各种界面进行具体分析之后，阐述了不同界面之间的相互联系，并根据各自的特点给出了相应的管理方法和具体措施。     

供应链网链模型在汽车行业的应用及改进

从分析供应链网链模型的原则入手,将其应用于汽车业供应链中,并从资金流、物流（或服务流）和信息流的角度,分析了汽车业供应链网链模型的特点。根据行业的实际情况,对汽车业网链模型提出了改进建议,详细研究了信贷资金流A、B和逆向物流的运作。这种改进对于提高汽车业供应链的管理效率有一定借鉴意义。     

Introduction: Supply Chain Governance and Regional Development in the Global Economy

The discipline of economics has treated technological standards creation as an outcome of network externalities and decisions on the demand side. They pay little attention to the supply side, where firms make strategic choices as to which standard to support. These choices can ignite a contest between adherents to the different proposed standards. This case study examines the contest between the Ethernet and Token Ring standards for local area networking. IBM sponsored Token Ring, but then made it difficult for other firms to be successful in supplying components. In contrast, Ethernet's sponsors, DEC, Intel, and Xerox, structured the marketplace in such a way as to encourage supporters. The resulting Ethernet community was able to lower costs and improve the technology so dramatically that the Token Ring standard, which had initially been technically superior, was overwhelmed. We find that the critical difference in explaining the success of Ethernet was the nature and strategy of the standard's sponsors in assisting the growth of a community of firms supporting the standard.     

Introduction: Supply Chain Governance and Regional Development in the Global Economy

The discipline of economics has treated technological standards creation as an outcome of network externalities and decisions on the demand side. They pay little attention to the supply side, where firms make strategic choices as to which standard to support. These choices can ignite a contest between adherents to the different proposed standards. This case study examines the contest between the Ethernet and Token Ring standards for local area networking. IBM sponsored Token Ring, but then made it difficult for other firms to be successful in supplying components. In contrast, Ethernet's sponsors, DEC, Intel, and Xerox, structured the marketplace in such a way as to encourage supporters. The resulting Ethernet community was able to lower costs and improve the technology so dramatically that the Token Ring standard, which had initially been technically superior, was overwhelmed. We find that the critical difference in explaining the success of Ethernet was the nature and strategy of the standard's sponsors in assisting the growth of a community of firms supporting the standard.     

汽车工业供应链网络结构模式的比较研究

初步分析了日本、美国和我国的汽车工业供应链网络结构模式,在实证研究的基础上,对适合我国的汽车工业企业的分工网络及协作体系进行了初步探讨。     

汽车供应链的顾客满意度评价指标体系

在分析了汽车供应链的结构和管理模式的基础上,提出汽车供应链应当根据最终顾客的需求建立综合的顾客满意度评价指标体系,并对体系构建的目的和原则、基本路线、关键指标的设计、指标权重的确定、满意度的评定和满意度调查结果的分析等几个方面,进行了较为详细的探讨。     

基于服务外包视角的生产性服务供应链管理模式

针对服务外包的兴起、生产性服务业快速发展的背景,在对服务供应链内涵研究的基础上提出了基于服务外包视角的生产性服务供应链的基本模式,并从供应链结构、运营模式、供应链稳定性及供应链管理内容等方面对其特性进行了探讨,最后从企业外在拉动力和内在推动力两方面分析了生产性服务供应链的形成动因.     

供应链拓扑结构模型研究

供应链是随着全球制造的兴起而出现的新型的管理模式。本文从企业与企业之间关系的角度提出了供应链的拓扑结构模型：链状模型、网状模型和石墨模型,相应地给出了供应链的子网、级、入点、出点等概念。本文针对不同的研究对象和研究阶段而提出的供应链概念和模型有助于对供应链的和认识和研究,对国有企业重组有启示意义。     

Symposium: Italian Industrial Districts In The I99Os

This paper reviews the scholarship concerning the rise to economic prominence of the Italian industrial districts, and the causes of some of the difficulties in which some districts have found themselves since the mid-1980s. The paper develops the main lines of the economic advantages that districts enjoyed during a period of rapid growth, resulting from the operation of a market in common which blends competition and cooperation. The effects of globalisation are changing this somewhat ‘idyllic’ picture, as the structure of linkages between firms comes under pressure. Prospects for the Italian districts in these new circumstances are discussed.     

集群式供应链多级跨链间库存协作模型研究

针对集群式供应链多级跨链间库存管理协作,利用系统动力学仿真方法,分别探讨了相同链节之间库存互补模型和不同链节之间库存互补模型,并对比分析这两种库存互补模型.通过对仿真数据进行分析得出,采用不同链节之间库存互补能够在保持库存水平不发生较大变化的前提条件下较大地提高顾客需求满足率,并且能够较稳定地保持这种高水平满足率,因此采用不同链节之间库存互补模型,比采用相同链节之间库存互补模型更有优越性.     

供应链中的信息共享及其共享模式

以基于第三方物流的供应链为背景，对比分析了在没有和引入第三方物流两种情况下供应链运作中信息共享的作用，设计了基于第三方物流的供应链运作的4个信息共享区，分析了4个区域的信息共享需求，设计了3种共享信息模式，分析了5种结构，从共享信息的访问比较了各种模式的特点，并给出了实例。     

不同供应链决策模式下的交货时间问题

在一个经典供应链模型基础上,分析了同一行业背景下的3种不同决策模式下的供应链企业交货时间,得出3种决策模式下的最优交货时间,它们不受决策模式的影响.通过对最优交货时间的研究,给出企业在供应链决策中和选择上应注意的问题.     

基于供应链整体利益最大化的企业订货策略研究

经典的经济订货模型(EOQ)仅仅从买方的角度来考虑订货过程中的成本最小化问题。本文从企业和供应商这一供应链系统的整体利益角度,综合考虑了双方在订货中的储存和订货等费用来研究最优订货策略;在订货实务中,还对供应链整体的单位存储费用进行了变通处理。通过订货实例,分析了这种订货策略对买卖双方以及整体利益的影响。     

The Socio-Economic Foundations Of Competitiveness: An Econometric Analysis of Italian Industrial Districts

The Industrial Districts of Italy are widely admired as an innovative form of socio-industrial structure that has been very successful in terms of export performance and wealth generation. Yet there have been few econometric studies of the sources of their competitiveness. This study examines the experience of a sample of 37 districts, in the early 1990s, looking for the socio-economic determinants of success in the district's industrial atmosphere. Central factors are found to be local availability of good human resources, and local financial services. Family-based business networks appear to be no longer a source of advantage.     

外包情境下品牌商主导的绿色供应链减排决策分析

针对外包情境下品牌商主导的绿色供应链,考虑产品全外包与制造外包两种情境,分别构建集中式决策、分散式决策博弈模型,得到各主体相应的最优决策。研究结果表明,无论是全外包还是制造外包情境下,相比分散式决策,集中式决策时的碳减排水平更高;同时,无论采取何种决策方式,全外包情境下能达到更高的碳减排水平。通过数值分析探讨碳减排成本系数和碳回扣系数对最优订购量、碳排放总量以及供应链利润的影响。     

供应链的生命周期

探讨了供应链的生命周期及其各阶段的基本特征,并运用信息经济学等理论分析了供应链生命周期的影响因素,重点阐述了合作企业缺乏协调、信息不对称以及合同的不完备对供应链生命周期的影响;最后,从合作伙伴的选择等4个方面提出了改善供应链生命周期的具体措施。     

供应链管理的本质

供应链管理是近来人们关注的问题。本文介绍了供应链管理的概念、供应链的本质及其基本结构，以及供应链的建模方法。还以实例论述了供应链管理对改进服务、缩小库存成本的作用。     

供应链设计、供应链整合、信息共享与供应链绩效的关系研究

构建了供应链设计、供应链整合、信息共享及供应链绩效之间关系的理论模型,并以广东省珠三角地区162家制造企业为调查对象,对供应链设计、供应链整合、信息共享及供应链绩效之间的关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明,供应链设计对供应链整合、供应链绩效均有显著的正向影响;供应链设计对信息共享的直接影响并不显著,却会以供应链整合为中介对信息共享产生间接影响;供应链整合对信息共享、供应链绩效有显著的正向影响;而低层次的信息共享对供应链绩效并无显著影响。根据上述实证研究结果,本研究结合中国情境给出了相关管理启示。     

具有产品再制造的闭环供应链动态运作模型

考虑了一类同时具有再分销、再制造和再利用的闭环供应链,并建立了其动态运作模型.供应链由一个制造商和一个供应商组成,废旧产品的回收及对废旧产品的再处理均由制造商完成.采用离散概率分布描述最终产品废旧的可能性,闭环供应链的运作是动态的且满足诸如供应链成员之间协调、各成员运作收益最大等多个目标.设计了一个数值算例验证模型的有效性,并就回收率对闭环供应链的运作性能的影响进行了分析.结果表明,闭环供应链的整体运作性能随着回收率的增大而增加.