江淮丘陵区水稻钾、氮吸收特性与施钾效应研究

江淮地区水稻田间小区施钾效应试验结果表明,施钾能明显提高水稻产量,改善水稻生育性状,在氮磷肥充足时,钾肥的增产效果极其显著。水稻钾吸收量明显以秸秆吸钾量为主,约为籽粒吸钾量的5倍。N来自土壤的数量为120.30 kg hm-2;K2O来自土壤的数量为72.83kg hm-2。NPK全素施钾处理吸钾总量平均高出NP处理48.79%,籽粒和秸秆分别平均增加9.21%和56.8%;说明钾吸收量增加对秸秆产量贡献明显小于对籽粒产量的贡献。除最高施钾量和不施氮处理外,其余处理均出现不同程度钾素亏缺,说明在不施氮肥或氮肥不足的情况下,水稻对肥料钾的吸收量也相应减少。本试验钾肥(K2O)产投比以NPK2处理最高为2.54。综上所述,本地区同等肥力土壤,水稻钾肥推荐用量为120kg hm-2,根据土壤钾素平衡状况,水稻施钾量可适当增加。     

氮钾配施对大蒜增产效应的研究

1999～2001年连续三年多点试验结果表明:在安徽省来安县大蒜产区水稻土上氮钾配施对大蒜产量及品质都有明显的正效应,蒜苔增产24.2%～29.2%,蒜头增产17.3%～18.9%。氮钾肥的产量效应与土壤的氮钾水平和氮钾比例密切相关。氮肥的适宜用量为N300～375kg/hm2,钾肥为K2O150kg/hm2。回归方程计算显示,大蒜产区的土壤临界钾素含量为101μg/ml,氮素临界含量为46μg/ml(ASI法测定)。氮钾配施并能提高蒜苗、蒜苔维生素C及可溶性糖含量。增施钾肥对大蒜的经济效益明显提高,产投比为11.07～13.26。     

“五位一体”庭院生态模式

在贵州高海拔地区采用玉米高产栽培措施 ,获得了 12 .2 1t/hm2 的玉米产量 ,超过当地平均产量 2 .7倍 ,钾肥配施可增产玉米 0 .83～ 2 .5 8t/hm2 ,增幅 8.81～ 2 6.80 % ,施钾肥产投比可达 5 .1～ 6.1。施钾肥后玉米的品质有明显的改善 ,试验认为N∶K2 O比为 10 0 :75～ 113 ,即施氮 (N ) 2 0 0kg/hm2 ,施钾 (K2 O) 15 0～ 2 2 5kg/hm2 为宜。     

皖南红黄壤地区连续施用磷钾肥对油菜产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响

在皖南红黄壤地区利用大田试验研究了连续施用磷钾肥对油菜产量、养分吸收和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:在施用氮肥的基础上合理配施磷钾肥,促进了油菜的生长发育,提高了油菜植株的养分含量和养分吸收量,从而显著增加了油菜的产量,并且磷肥的增产效应大于钾肥效应,三季油菜平均产量以处理P90K120最高,达到了1968.7 kg hm-2;同时连续施用磷钾肥能够改善土壤养分含量,显著提高了土壤速效钾、速效磷含量,与试验前土壤相比,速效磷增加了14.83~20.2 mg kg-1,速效钾增加了69.51~109.61 mg kg-1。     

钾氮配施对生姜产量和养分吸收的影响研究

1999～2001年在安徽省生姜产区淮北平原砂姜黑土上,连续三年多点开展钾氮配施对生姜产量及养分吸收的影响研究。结果表明:钾氮配合施用可以大幅度提高生姜的产量,施钾增产14.9～58.5%,平均增产率为29.8%。增施氮肥的增产效率为负数,钾肥的增产效率在两种氮肥水平下都较高,高N条件下增加钾肥施用量可以极大地提高钾肥的增产效率。施用钾肥提高了生姜地上部茎叶含氮量及茎叶、姜块和全株P、K养分含量,对全株氮素含量影响不大。两种氮肥水平下,生姜地上部茎叶、块茎和全株的吸K、吸N、吸P量都是随着钾肥施用量的增加而提高。钾氮配施大幅度提高了土壤有效P、K含量,有利于保持和提高土壤肥力。     

露地洋葱施肥、土壤养分及产量状况的分析研究

在农户调查和土壤测试相结合的基础上,分析了山东惠民县露地洋葱土壤养分状况、肥料投入及其对产量和养分平衡的影响。结果表明,施用有机肥农户占总调查户的44%,平均由有机肥带入的氮磷钾养分量分别为N 170kg hm-2、P2O5112 kg hm-2、K2O 223 kg hm-2。化肥氮、磷投入量较高,平均分别为N 458 kg hm-2和P2O5399 kg hm-2,是洋葱氮磷吸收量的4.0和6.0倍,化学钾肥不足(K2O 131 kg hm-2),占洋葱钾吸收量的55%。收获时0~30 cm土壤无机氮含量达到88 kg hm-2,O lsen-P(P)和速效钾(K)平均含量分别为25.5和104 mg kg-1。自春季返青前到收获期间,30~60 cm和60~90 cm土壤无机氮含量均有不同程度的提高,土壤氮表观损失量与氮素投入量呈显著直线相关,维持土壤氮素平衡的最大氮素供应量为290 kg hm-2。相关分析表明,无论是氮、钾化肥投入量还是各阶段土壤无机氮、速效钾含量都与洋葱产量无显著相关,而磷肥用量及0~30 cm土壤剖面O lsen-P含量与产量有显著正相关(p<0.05)。     

富钾硅多元复合物的生物有效性研究

在氮、磷肥施用的基础上,配施富钾硅多元复合物与施纯硅肥、钾肥、钙镁肥一样,在酸性土壤上具有显著的增产效应;能分别使水稻对该各种元素的总吸收量明显地提高;也能明显地提高水稻对硅、钾、钙、镁吸收,增加植株体内各养分元素的含量。     

氮钾肥对夏花生的增产效应及经济施用量

本文探讨了氮钾肥对夏花生的增产效应及经济施用量.结果表明,氮、钾对夏花生均有稳定的增产作用,而且,氮肥增产效果比钾肥大,同时,氮、钾肥施用量过大时均可造成减产.氮钾之间交互效应不明显,通过建立二元二次方程,确定了氮、钾肥经济最佳施用量,为纯N93.0kg/hm2、K2O53.55kg/hm2,此时,施肥效益最高,为1513.25元/hm2.     

钾肥对优质面包专用型小麦产量及品质的影响

本文研究了在江苏淮北地区不同钾肥用量对优质面包专用型小麦苏徐1号产量的影响,同时通过长期定位试验研究了增施钾肥对苏徐1号产量及品质的影响。钾肥用量试验结果表明,施用钾肥可增加产量8.3%～13 7%,适宜的钾肥用量为90～135kgK2O/hm2,最佳经济钾肥施用量为135.6kgK2O/hm2,其产量为5056.1kg/hm2,长期定位试验结果表明,施用钾肥可提高苏徐1号的商品品质,在长期不施有机肥(厩肥)的情况下,增施钾肥可改善面粉的加工品质,提高其评价值。     

磷钾硼锌肥对百合、白术产量和养分吸收的影响

在田间试验条件下研究了不同营养元素对百合、白术产量和养分吸收的影响。两年结果表明,在河沙土和灰泥土上,施用磷、钾、硼和锌肥的百合产量分别平均增产5.1%、33.5%、22.3%、16.3%和16.2%、12.5%、2.1%、6.1%,在灰泥土上,白术产量分别平均增产8.6%、34.6%、9.1%、5.8%,百合施用钾、硼和锌肥的增产效果大于白术,而白术施磷的增产效果大于百合。施磷肥能促进百合和白术对氮、磷、钾和硼的吸收,而降低对锌的吸收;施钾、硼和锌肥能增进百合和白术的氮、磷、钾、硼和锌养分的吸收量。百合和白术吸收的养分量表现出钾>磷>锌>硼。百合和白术吸收的氮、磷、钾和锌主要分配在鳞茎和根状茎部分,吸收的硼主要集中在茎叶部分。平衡施肥可提高药用部分(鳞茎和根状茎)的磷、钾和锌养分的分配比率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。