渣油加氢脱残炭的动力学模型研究

根据渣油残炭的构成来源和加氢脱残炭的反应历程．提出了渣油加氢脱残炭的三集总一级反应动力学模型．并建立一集总和二集总加氢脱残炭反应动力学模型与之进行了比较。结果表明．三集总一级加氢脱残炭反应动力学模型的预测精度优于一集总和二集总的反应动力学模型。     

渣油加氢脱金属反应机理的研究进展

随着石油资源的日趋紧张和原油质量的重质化,渣油加氢处理技术越来越受到重视。由于渣油中的金属镍钒对整个渣油加氢处理过程有着很多不利的影响,尽可能地脱除渣油中的镍钒便一直是渣油处理技术研究中的重点和难点之一。本文从金属卟啉化合物与催化剂表面的相互作用、中间产物和反应模型以及几个重要的影响因素对反应过程的修饰作用等角度阐述了渣油加氢脱金属反应机理的研究进展,并对目前存在的不足和未来的研究方向进行了探讨。     

渣油加氢失活催化剂有效利用的新途径

论述了将渣油加氢失活催化剂制备成加氢型和非加氢型新催化剂的工艺和方法,着重探讨了钒含量较高的失活催化剂加工为新型渣油加氢催化剂的方法和思路,并对渣油加氢过程中钒的作用机理进行归纳。     

渣油加氢脱金属反应机理分析

渣油在反应器中最先接触的是大孔径、可以从渣油中脱除镍、钒等杂质并具有抗镍、钒减活特性的催化剂。已脱除镍、钒的渣油再与孔径较小、表面活性较高的催化剂接触,完成更多的加氢处理反应。本文主要探讨渣油加氢脱金属反应机理。     

S-RHT新型渣油加氢保护剂和脱金属催化剂的开发

根据我国加工中东进口原油的发展需要，开发出比第一代国产保护剂和脱金属催化剂以及同类进口剂综合性能更好的S-RHT新型保护剂和脱金属催化剂。其物化性能有显著改进，脱杂质活性和稳定性明显提高。     

FZC-24A渣油加氢脱金属催化剂的开发

进行了FZC-24A渣油加氢脱金属催化剂开发及工业放大。以沙中常渣为原料在小型固定床加氢装置上进行了催化剂稳定性试验。结果表明,FZC-24A渣油加氢脱金属催化剂活性和稳定性优于参比剂。工业放大催化剂性能重复了小试结果。     

典型固定床渣油加氢处理装置金属沉积规律的共性研究

以三套典型固定床渣油加氢装置H、M和Q为研究对象,通过对其工业失活催化剂的剖析,分析了金属Ni和V在各类催化剂上以及催化剂颗粒间(床层空隙)的沉积负荷。通过对三套典型装置的数据对比,进行装置金属沉积规律的共性研究。同时结合每套装置的特点,分析沉积情况的差异对不同装置操作的影响并给出操作建议。     

S-RHT渣油加氢脱金属催化剂的研制及工业应用

本文论述了渣油加氢脱金属催化剂的基本设计思路,介绍了抚顺石油化工研究院开发的FZC-20系列渣油加氢脱金属催化剂的性能及其配套催化剂在茂名S-RHT渣油加氢处理装置上工业应用标定结果。工业应用的标定结果表明,FZC-20系列渣油加氢脱金属催化剂及其配套催化剂具有良好的活性及稳定性,装置运行平稳,产品质量好,完全能满足炼厂长期生产要求。     

孔道结构对渣油加氢脱金属催化剂活性的影响

选择性制备3种不同孔道结构的渣油加氢脱金属催化剂,并进行渣油加氢脱金属和加氢脱硫活性评价。结果表明,一定量大孔(>50 nm)的存在,能够提高催化剂单位表面积的加氢脱金属活性;加氢脱硫活性与体积比表面积成正比。     

八碳芳烃临氢异构化反应动力学模型

针对某实际工业异构化装置,在已开发的八碳芳烃临氢异构化反应网络的基础上,将系统中的八碳环烷烃和八碳链烷烃作为一个集总组分,提出新的六组分异构化反应网络,由此建立了适用于工业生产的八碳芳烃临氢异构化反应动力学模型.考虑结焦对催化剂活性的影响,提出了一种经验形式的催化剂失活函数,能够合理地描述催化剂失活过程.采用四五阶Runge-Kutta法对模型方程进行数值求解,基于多套稳态平衡数据采用差分变尺度优化算法(BFGS)对动力学参数进行估计,进而在不同操作条件下对模型进行验证.结果表明估计值与工业标定值相当吻合,达到了工业应用的模拟精度要求.     

大庆常渣催化裂解反应动力学模型

An 8-lump kinetic model was proposed to predict the yields of propylene,ethylene and gasoline in the catalytic pyrolysis process of Daqing atmospheric residue.The model contains 21 kinetic parameters and one for catalyst deactivation.A series of experiments were carried out in a riser reactor over catalyst named LTB-2.The kinetic parameters were estimated by using sub-model method,and apparent activation energies were calculated according to the Arrhenius equation.The predicted yields coincided well with the experimental values.It shows that the kinetic parameters estimated by using the sub-model method were reliable.     

渣油加氢催化剂反应动力学的研究进展

介绍了渣油加氢催化剂反应动力学的研究进展,列举了几类渣油加氢催化剂反应动力学模型。利用这些模型可以预测催化剂使用周期,帮助设计催化剂级配方案,并有助于对渣油加氢反应过程进行深入研究。     

甲苯歧化与C9芳烃烷基转移反应动力学模型和模拟分析

A new kinetic model for commercial unit of toluene disproportionation and C9-armatiocs transalkylation is developed based on the reported reaction scheme.A time based catalyst deactivation function taking weight hourly space velocity（WHSV）into account is incorporated into the model,which reasonably accounts for the loss in activity because of coke deposition on the surface of catalyst during long-term operation.The kinetic parameters are benchmarked with several sets of balanced plant data and estimated by the differential variable metric optimiza- tion method.Sets of plant data at different operating conditions are applied to make sure validation of the model and the results show a good agreement between the model predictions and plant observations.The simulation analysis of key variables such as temperature and WHSV affecting process performance is discussed in detail,giving the guidance to select suitable operating conditions.     

大庆常压渣油催化裂解反应动力学模型研究

针对大庆常压渣油催化裂解反应体系,建立了大庆常压渣油催化裂解五集总动力学模型,推导出了各集总组分在反应器出口处的浓度表达式,给出了一种用于求取集总模型参数的简单方法。结合实验数据,编程计算求取了该五集总反应网络的速率常数、指前因子和活化能,并对所建集总模型的预测效果进行了初步检验,结果表明该模型对催化裂解汽柴油、气体烷烃和气体烯烃具有较好的预测能力,短停留时间有利于多产低碳烯烃。     

新型渣油加氢脱硫催化剂的研究

本文介绍了新型渣油加氢脱硫催化剂及其制备方法, 制备的关键是采用独特的载体制备技术和选用合适的助剂。考察了不同金属配比对催化剂活性的影响。     

废碱渣氧化处理装置的改进

在原工艺的基础上,根据已建成装置存在的管线堵塞、脱臭效果不良、设备管线腐蚀严重等问题,对新建装置的设计及操作进行了合理优化.主要包括:反应器与洗涤塔相邻布置,压控阀后配管优化,操作温度优化(降为180℃),提高氧化空气进量(为原设计值的1.2～1.3倍),提高碱渣pH值等.装置投用后,碱渣硫化物脱除率达到99.9%以上,达到了预期效果.     

Kinetic model for hydroisomerization reaction of C8-aromatics

Based on the reported reaction networks, a novel six-component hydroisomerization reaction network with a new lumped species including C₈-naphthenes and C₈-paraffins is proposed and a kinetic model for a commercial unit is also developed. An empirical catalyst deactivation function is incorporated into the model accounting for the loss in activity because of coke formation on the catalyst surface during the long-term operation. The Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the ordinary differential equations of the model. The reaction kinetic parameters are benchmarked with several sets of balanced plant data and estimated by the differential variable metric optimization method (BFGS). The kinetic model is validated by an industrial unit with sets of plant data under different operating conditions and simulation results show a good agreement between the model predictions and the plant observations. __________ Translated from Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities, 2007, 21(3): 429–435 [译自: 高校化学工程学报]     

Kinetic Treatment for copolymerization of styrene or methyl methacrylate with N-phenylmaleimide

Shirota‘s kinetic model and our kinetic model were used to treat the kinetic data of styrene (St) and N-phenylmaleimide (PMI) copolymerization in which chaxge-transfer complex (CTC) was formed. The results obtained by Shirota‘s kinetic model were disagreed with the experiments and the experimental phenomena could not be explained. The kinetic data of all feed fractions can be treated with our kinetic model, and the experimental phenomena can be explained from the propagation constants and reactivity ratios. Our kinetic model is also suitable for the kinetic data of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and PMI copolymerization in which CTC can not be formed.     

基于pH控制的丙酮丁醇间歇发酵过程动力学模型

基于微生物发酵动力学模型和丙酮丁醇发酵工艺的特点,由5组控制pH下的实验数据建立该发酵过程的动力学模型,采用改进的自适应遗传算法对模型的12个参数进行优化,并采用一组控制pH数据对模型进行了外推验证,结果表明,该模型能够较好地描述pH的丙酮丁醇间歇发酵过程.