MIMO雷达中OFD-LFM-PC波形空时优化设计

MIMO雷达中传统正交频分线性调频( OFD-LFM)波形的空域合成信号存在较高的自相关栅瓣。为了解决这一问题,本文在OFD-LFM波形上调制相位编码序列,构造新的正交频分线性调频相位编码(OFD-LFM-PC)波形以消除空域合成信号自相关栅瓣。由于相位编码的调制,使得OFD-LFM-PC波形空域合成信号的自相关栅瓣消除但整体旁瓣水平有所升高,同时,发射功率方向图非全向。为此,基于OFD-LFM-PC波形的时域特性和空域特性分析,本文建立了空时特性优化模型,对调制的相位编码矩阵和载波频率编码序列进行联合优化,并提出了一种嵌套遗传算法的粒子群算法求解该优化问题。仿真结果表明,所优化设计的OFD-LFM-PC波形能够保证发射功率方向图的全向性,并且空域合成信号具有良好的自相关性能。     

非均匀间隔OFD-LFM的MIMO雷达波形设计

正交频分线性调频(OFD-LFM)信号是多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的一种常用发射波形,在分析其空时特性的基础上,针对空域合成信号自相关旁瓣存在的问题,该文提出一种非均匀间隔的OFD-LFM波形,并给出了相应的波形设计方法。该方法建立空时联合优化的模型,采用序列二次规划求解得到各信号的频率间隔和初相。所设计波形的发射方向图近似全向,空域合成信号具有良好的相关性能。     

一种基于遗传算法的正交波形设计方法

数字阵列雷达可通过子阵组合,发射多波束等方式实现同时搜索和跟踪不同空域目标,其中发射正交波形设计是数字阵列雷达的关键技术之一.本文以降低波形信号的自相关旁瓣峰值及互相关峰值为目标,采用改进的遗传算法对随机生成的四相码波形信号进行正交优化.仿真表明,优化设计的正交四相码波形相比于其他文献在自相关旁瓣峰值及互相关峰值性能上...     

正交混沌二相编码OFDM雷达信号

针对距离欺骗干扰对雷达探测性能的影响,在波形设计中应尽量满足雷达发射信号的正交特性,即雷达发射波形具有更低的互相关和自相关旁瓣。采用具有良好自相关特性的混沌二相编码正交频分复用(OFDM)雷达信号,提出一种基于混沌粒子群算法的正交混沌二相编码OFDM雷达信号。以自相关和互相关联合最优作为适应值函数,利用混沌粒子群算法优化设计正交编码脉冲串信号。仿真实验结果证明,基于混沌粒子群优化的正交混沌二相编码OFDM雷达信号自相关旁瓣和互相关的最大值为–22.33 dB,具有良好的相关特性,对抗距离欺骗干扰有一定效果。     

MIMO雷达中正交离散频率编码波形的设计北大核心CSCD

发射信号正交性能的好坏直接决定了多输入多输出(Multiple Input and Multiple Output,MIMO)雷达系统的性能。正交离散频率编码波形是一种较理想的准正交波形。首先给出了正交离散频率编码波形的模糊函数,然后以互相关能量为代价函数,运用改进的离散粒子群优化算法对正交离散频率编码波形进行优化排序设计,生成可应用于宽带MIMO雷达中的具有较好模糊特性的准正交信号。仿真结果验证了新算法的有效性,且随着码长的增加和编码排序的优化新的正交离散频率编码波形的互相关性能将变得更好,其对多普勒的容忍性与码长成反比,但是由于固有的特性其自相关性能与码长几乎无关。     

应用正交码组信号的传统雷达距离旁瓣抑制方法

为了抑制传统雷达的距离旁瓣和提高传统雷达抗欺骗式干扰性能,该文提出一种传统雷达随机发射一组正交信号的信号发射策略。给定一组正交性好且距离旁瓣低的相位编码信号,雷达在每次发射时从这组波形中随机选取一个波形进行发射,接收端已知该发射信号波形并基于该波形对接收信号进行脉冲压缩,最后对多次相邻脉冲的回波信号进行相干积累。理论分析和仿真结果均表明,距离主瓣信号能够有效积累,而距离旁瓣信号近似白化,因而脉冲积累后可明显降低系统的最大距离旁瓣电平。     

低距离旁瓣稀疏频谱波形相位编码设计

雷达系统可通过发射稀疏频谱波形(Sparse Frequency Waveform, SFW)克服同频窄带干扰问题,然而SFW通常具有较高的距离旁瓣,降低了弱小目标的检测性能。针对该问题,该文提出一种设计低距离旁瓣SFW的相位编码方法。该方法以联合最小化波形功率谱密度均方差和距离旁瓣为准则建立目标函数,并提出一种基于快速傅里叶变换的循环迭代算法(Cycle Iterative Algorithm, CIA)求解目标函数获得最优相位编码波形。随后将该方法扩展至多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达,设计一组具有良好自/互相关特性SFW的相位编码。该方法沿着使目标函数非递增的方向搜索,且无需求解共轭梯度,计算复杂度低,可快速设计并更新发射波形。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性与灵活性。     

基于脉冲串编码的MIMO雷达距离旁瓣抑制方法

MIMO雷达波形设计通常需要联合考虑空域时域特性,然而,在单脉冲发射波形设计中,在保证期望空域特性的情况下,往往存在时域旁瓣较高的问题。针对这个问题,该文提出一种基于脉冲串编码的时域旁瓣抑制方法。该方法采用空域发射方向图设计与时域波形设计分离的方式,通过对脉冲串的各子脉冲初相编码进行优化,可以在保证空域发射方向图不变的情况下,进一步抑制时域旁瓣。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地降低各多普勒通道的距离旁瓣。     

GS算法在多输入多输出雷达信号集设计中的应用

为了高效地设计出性能良好的多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)雷达正交相位编码信号集,提出一种改进的Gerchberg-Saxton(GS)算法,将最小化信号集旁瓣能量的代价函数转化为适合求解的极小化问题;将原始GS算法扩展至多维,并改进其物面和频谱面的约束条件,以适应文中优化问题的求解;利用改进的GS算法迭代优化设计出信号集.仿真实验表明:该算法可以有效改善所得信号集的积分旁瓣和相关性能.     

频率相位联合编码的低截获雷达波形优化设计方法

针对线性调频、相位编码等常规雷达信号易于被截获、分选、识别以及复制的突出问题,提出一种基于频率相位联合编码的雷达波形。首先,构建频率相位编码波形模型,分析模型的模糊函数;其次,针对连续相位编码序列,提出自相关峰值旁瓣和互相关积分旁瓣均衡的连续相位编码序列优化方法;最后,通过数值仿真定量分析了频率相位联合编码信号的自相关性、互相关性,验证了其标探测性能和信号低截获性能。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.