硫磺回收装置停工热氮除硫工艺研究

目的 降低硫磺回收装置停工除硫期间尾气中SO₂排放量。方法 对比传统燃料气除硫及热氮除硫工艺的技术特点、原理及优缺点,采用Aspen Plus软件进行模拟计算,并结合热氮除硫工艺的技术特点,对3个阶段的除硫流程进行优化操作。结果 通过对比分析及Aspen Plus软件模拟计算结果可知,热氮除硫技术可降低硫磺回收装置停工期间的SO₂排放量,将排放尾气中SO₂质量浓度控制在400 mg/m³以下。结论 采用热氮除硫工艺可解决硫磺回收装置停工除硫期间尾气SO₂排放量大的问题,但也存在N₂消耗量大、停工除硫时间长等问题。今后,在优化N₂消耗量、缩短停工除硫时间的基础上,热氮除硫技术将会得到推广应用。     

油基钻井液高效除硫体系优化实验北大核心CSCD

目的解决川东北含硫气藏在钻井过程中存在的H2S污染油基钻井液、H2S溢出造成的安全风险问题。方法建立了H2S污染油基钻井液室内评价方法和评价参数,优选了油基钻井液用高效除硫剂和复合除硫体系配方。结果除硫效果优异的单剂为液体除硫剂YT-1、碱式碳酸锌JD-2、醇醚酰胺CLC,饱和度分别为56.48 mg/g、21.13 mg/g、5.8 mg/g,高温老化除硫率分别为90.10%、82.60%和75.23%,与油基钻井液配伍性良好。优化形成的复合除硫体系配方4%(w)YT-1+2%(w)JD-2,在质量浓度为75 mg/L的H2S污染油基钻井液后,出口质量浓度达到0.015 mg/L所用时间仅为1.21 min,加入复合除硫体系后,该时间则达到171.8 min。污染后的油基钻井液高温老化后H2S质量浓度为0.078 mg/L,加入复合除硫体系后,H2S质量浓度为0 mg/L,除硫率达100%。结论除硫单剂协同作用提高除硫效果,为川东北地区高含硫地层“安全、高效”钻井提供了技术保障。     

Designing dual-functional nanohybrids for improving petroleum fractions through removing both phenyl-nonane and methyl-naphthalene

The present study focuses on using the adsorption character of the layered double hydroxide (LDH) for removal of aromatics species because of its simple production, suitable for ecology, cost less and easy to modify by intercalation organic molecules which cause change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic character and help in increase the removal percentage of mono- and di- aromatics. In this work, nanolayered structures (AlZn NLS) were prepared and characterized by different techniques but cannot remove aromatics. After intercalation by organic molecules (4-aminobenzoic acid, Salicylic acid, Adipic acid and n-capric acid in order), series of AlZn nanohybrids were prepared and showed significant removal of mono- and di-aromatics. The prepared nanohybrids based on n-capric acid showed significant results for removal of both mono-aromatics (33.5%) and di-aromatics (28.6%). The current study concluded that the nanolayered structures of AlZn became effective for removal aromatic species because of the expansion of the interlayered spacing of nanolayers and the increase of hydrophobic character.     

Remove Olefin from Diesel Oil with Chloroaluminate(III) Ionic Liquids

Abstract

Ionic liquids are low-melting-point salts that represent an exciting new class of reaction solvents. In this article, the author mainly refers to the effects of the olefin removal in the diesel oil using [bmim]Br-AlCl₃ (where [bmim] is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation) ionic liquid. The result shows the better performance in the olefin removal. Therefore, an environmental friendly approach for olefin removal from diesel is provided.     

天然气净化厂硫磺回收装置停产除硫过程分析与优化

在日益严格的环保形势下,控制天然气净化厂硫磺回收装置停产除硫过程中的SO2排放对达标生产尤为重要.通过对停产除硫过程进行分析,就除硫程度、除硫时间及除硫期间SO2排放量等因素进行分析与探讨,对常用硫磺回收工艺装置提出了停产除硫优化方案.实践结果表明:在超级克劳斯工艺末级可控地投入超级克劳斯反应器,能明显降低排放尾气中S...     

Degradation of cypermethrin,malathion and dichlorovos in water and on tea leaves with O3/UV/TiO2 treatment

The main aims of the present study were to study the efficacy and mechanisms of removing three pesticides (cypermethrin, malathion, dichlorovos) from fresh tea leaves and water by O₃/UV/TiO₂ treatment, and to explore the optimal conditions for the removal. The results indicated that the removal rates of pesticides on tea leaves were not affected by water pH, whereas the removal rates of pesticides from water were affected.Eliminating rates of cypermethrin and malathion from tea leaves by O₃/UV/TiO₂ were significantly higher than that by water rinsing treatment (P < 0.05). The O₃/UV/TiO₂ treatment resulted in an 80% removal rate for cypermethrin (initial residue content 5.8 mg/kg) and 78% for malathion (initial residue content 2.2 mg/kg). It could be concluded that O₃/UV/TiO₂ treatment was especially effective for the removal of insoluble pesticides (e.g. cypermethrin) from tea leaves, with a 250% enhancement over the water rinsing treatment.     

溶气提高脱油型水力旋流器除油效率研究

通过尼可尼气液混合泵向原水中溶入气体,研究了溶气条件下脱油型水力旋流器除油效率的变化规律。结果表明,在溶气条件下,旋流器的除油效率显著增加,在原水中油的质量浓度为200～300mg/L时,出水中油的质量浓度可降到15mg/L以下,平均除油效率达95.5%,提高了9.4个百分点;当气液比Rgl≤3%时,溶气对除油效率的影响不明显,当3%相似文献   

石油中油溶性铁化合物的脱除

 对原油电脱盐中采用化学试剂脱铁的过程进行研究，探索化学试剂结构和铁的存在形式与脱铁效率之间的关系，考察脱铁过程的主要影响因素。结果表明，铁脱除率不仅与试剂的配位能力即配位体的官能团种类、形成螯合环的大小、数目和结构相关，还与铁在原油中的分布和存在形式有关。正交实验结果表明，各因素对脱铁效果影响由大到小的顺序为：试剂用量﹥pH值﹥反应温度﹥反应时间；试剂加入量越大、反应时间越长、温度越高，油溶性铁的脱除率也越高，试剂pH值为2左右最有利于铁的脱除。     

天然气净化装置影响有机硫脱除的因素研究

GB 17820-2018《天然气》规定,进入长输管网的天然气气质需满足H2 S质量浓度≤6 mg/m3、CO2摩尔分数≤3％、总硫质量浓度≤20 mg/m3的要求.为达到GB 17820-2018的要求,中国石油西南油气田公司已有3个净化厂将原MDEA脱硫溶液升级为有机硫脱除溶剂CT8-24.与常规MDEA化学溶剂不...     

Fat removal with hydrolyzed corn starch for real-time qPCR detection of Salmonella enterica in ground beef in 4.5 hours without enrichment

The rapid detection of low number of Salmonella in ground beef ideally requires an effective and economic molecular assay. The molecular analysis for the detection of Salmonella in ground beef by the polymerase chain reaction requires efficient methodology for extraction of targeted cells and effective removal of PCR inhibitors from the sample. The efficacy of hydrolyzed corn starch for the removal of fat along with the use of activated charcoal coated with milk proteins to remove PCR inhibitors were assessed. Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis was detected by real-time quantitative PCR at a level of 1 CFU/g of ground beef in 25 g samples containing 7%, 15% or 27% fat without enrichment. This study documents that partially hydrolyzed corn starch functions as effectively as beta-cyclodextrin for selective removal of fat.     

海上油田高温解堵液体系

海上油田X-1井砂岩储层具有高温、异常高压和低渗等特征,且储层岩样溶蚀孔发育,含有一定的粒间缝被黏土矿物充填,黏土矿物较多,易造成水敏、速敏。针对上述问题研制出一种高温低渗敏感性储层解堵液体系。实验表明,在170℃的条件下,解堵液体系对钢片的平均腐蚀速率为62.880 g/m2·h,达到行业一级标准,且该体系具有较低的表面张力,鲜酸和残酸表面张力均低于24.0 mN/m。解堵液体系有较好的稳定铁离子能力,稳定铁量高达263 mg/mL。解堵液体系具有较好的防膨效果,终膨胀率降低值为32.19%,能有效控制黏土膨胀,抑制水敏伤害。岩心中注入解堵液体系后,渗透率呈明显的上升趋势,由于该体系对黏土矿物和基质的溶蚀率均较大,且不宜引起出砂堵塞孔喉,渗透率增加倍比约为3.5倍,是较为理想的适用于高温低渗储层的解堵液体系。现场应用表明,解堵液基本解除井筒附近堵塞,对比酸化前后日产气量,本次酸化对该井起到了很好的解堵效果。      

Research on paraffin removal and prevention by Bacillus spp. in high-salinity reservoirs

Problems in paraffin deposition occur frequently in oil exploitation. Considering the problem that some paraffin removal and prevention strains cannot grow in high-salinity reservoirs, we domesticated four salt-tolerant laboratory bacterial strains. Crude oil emulsification effect, paraffin removal rate, and paraffin prevention rate of the strains were evaluated. KB and JH-A strains exhibited good paraffin removal and prevention effects, with paraffin removal rates of 51.82% and 81.56%; and 51.82% and 80.90%, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of paraffin components before and after biodegradation was performed on KB and JH-A strains. Results showed that relative contents of n-alkanes between C15–C23 and C27–C30 evidently decreased, indicating their good biodegradation. This technique provides a new method for practical application of paraffin removal and prevention in high-salinity reservoirs.     

炼油厂硫磺回收装置加氢尾气有机硫脱除溶剂研究

针对GB 31570-2015《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》对炼油厂硫磺回收装置尾气中SO2排放的严格要求,通过室内实验,研发出了对COS及H2 S脱除性能良好的配方型脱硫溶剂.试验考察了MDEA质量分数、COS质量浓度等工艺条件对该溶剂脱除有机硫效果的影响.结果表明,所选配方型脱硫溶剂可使炼油厂硫磺回收装置加氢尾气C...     

SOLVENT DEMETALLIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC AND VACUUM RESIDUES

The effectiveness of various solvents for the removal of heavy metals, particularly vanadium and nickel via the removal of asphaltene from atmospheric and vacuum petroleum residues are presented The solvent deasphalting was carried out at 29§C The solvents used in this investigation were pentane, hexane, heptane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate and the degree of refining was studied by evaluating the properties of the refined residue.

Results obtained show that the removal of the heavy metals decreases with increase in the carbon number of the hydrocarbon solvents, and also decreases with the increase in the molecular weight of the acetate solvents. The percentage removal of vanadium was higher than that of nickel irrespective of the solvents used and ethyl - acetate gave the highest removal of the metals.     

Application of Hydrogen Peroxide and Fenton as Pre- and Post-treatment Steps for Composting of Bottom Sludge from Crude Oil Storage Tanks

In this research the feasibility of chemical oxidation with H₂O₂ and Fenton's reagent for degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons before and after composting of bottom sludge from crude oil storage tanks was investigated. Results showed that total petroleum hydrocarbons removal in composting reactor was 80.2%. In chemical oxidation steps, petroleum hydrocarbons removal enhanced with increasing oxidant concentrations. Increasing oxidation time from 24 to 48 h had a little effect on petroleum hydrocarbons removal. The study showed that chemical oxidation as a pre-treatment step was more effective than post-treatment. It was also deduced that petroleum hydrocarbons in the sludge and composted mixture can be oxidized by hydrogen peroxide without adding supplementary iron.     

A novel detoxifying agent: Using rice husk carriers to immobilize zearalenone-degrading enzyme from Aspergillus niger FS10

The greatest hidden peril for commercially detoxifying agents is that although a toxin binding to the adsorbent is discharged outside of the animal without causing damage to them, because the toxin is too stable to destroy, they accumulate in the soil or barn, and become secondary hazards to the environment and animals. In this study, a novel detoxifying agent which uses rice husk (RH) to immobilize zearalenone-degrading enzyme (ZDE) was produced to reduce zearalenone (ZEN). In addition, the ZDE exhibited high enhancement of both its stability and catalytic activity for removing ZEN. The immobilized ZDE is more resistant to thermal denaturation than the native enzyme. At 90 °C, it retained 70% ZEN removal rate compared to the native enzyme. Additionally, it was also more stable during storage at 4 °C and 25 °C: after one month the immobilized ZDE retained 90% and 70% of initial activity, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison of the removal rate of immobilized ZDE with other detoxifying agents in artificial porcine gastrointestinal digestive juice revealed that the ZEN removal efficacy of immobilized ZDE was higher than other detoxifying agents. Specifically, the removal efficacy of the immobilized ZDE was 75.45% for ZEN in gastric digestive juice and 90.43% in intestinal digestive juice.     

S Zorb汽油精制装置操作优化

S Zorb催化汽油精制装置自首次开工以来,一直存在稳定汽油收率偏低、再生器取热系统与催化剂再生放热量不匹配等问题。通过优化稳定系统操作参数,降低了稳定塔塔顶燃料气排放量,提高汽油收率0.7百分点;同时对再生器取热系统进行改造,增设氮气取热系统,有效保护了再生器取热盘管,降低操作难度;然后将取热后的热氮气进行充分利用,作为氮气加热器的原料,节约电能,达到节能降耗的目的。     

电爆冲击波增渗解堵技术试验研究

常规油水井解堵技术存在工艺复杂、成本高和环境污染严重等问题，电爆冲击波增渗解堵技术因具有解堵增渗效果好、能量可控和环保等优势而成为研究热点。在分析电爆冲击波增渗解堵机理的基础上，研制了电爆冲击波试验装置，进行了电容、充电电压及金属丝直径对电爆冲击波压力峰值的影响试验，并进行了模拟地层压力环境下的电爆冲击波造缝及解堵效果评价试验。结果表明，冲击波压力峰值随着充电电压增大呈线性增大，金属丝直径对冲击波压力峰值影响不大，存在一个使冲击波压力峰值最大的最优电容，验证了电爆冲击波可以扩展储层岩石的裂缝并产生新的微裂缝，而且能达到增渗解堵的效果。研究结果为推动电爆冲击波增渗解堵技术研究及现场试验奠定了基础。      

A Study on the Process Conditions of Removing Basic Nitrogen Compounds from Gasoline

The methods of hydrochloric acid extraction, liquid-solid adsorption, and complexation were used to remove basic nitrogen compounds from gasoline, and the efficiencies of three removal methods were studied. The experimental results show that the optimum range of the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.05 ∼ 1.0 mol L^-1, and the optimum extraction time is 20 min for hydrochloric acid extraction method. The efficiency of removal of basic nitrogen compounds reaches its top when the ratio of liquid to solid is controlled at 5:1, and that the optimum range of concentration of complexing agent is 15 ∼ 20 wt% for complexation. Under the conditions mentioned above, all the removal yields of basic nitrogen of these three present methods can exceed 90%.     

南海W油田转注井的解堵增注液体系研究与应用

针对南海W油田转注井堵塞问题,提出了先有机解堵,再无机解堵"段塞解堵"的解堵增注思路,研制了解堵增注液体系,并对该体系性能进行了评价.结果表明:该体系对无机堵塞物和有机堵塞物均具有较好的溶解性;腐蚀性小,在78℃ ×24 h对油管钢的腐蚀速度为0.9026 g/(m2·h);配伍性好;具有较好的铁离子稳定能力和降压助排...