冗余并联机构奇异性与静力学分析

研究了一种6自由度可移动冗余并联机构的奇异性与静力学性能及其定姿态实时优化设计。建立该并联机构的静力学雅可比矩阵,分析了该并联机构的奇异性、静力学性能指标。调节并联机构定平台腿部位置,使并联机构的静力学传递性能得到提高。绘制了基于雅可比矩阵的性能图谱,直观地观察并联机构在不同位置的静力学力和力矩的传递性能。通过分析可知冗余并联机构具有可以消除奇异的优点,同时通过调节腿部位置也大大提高了并联机构的静力学传递性能。     

一种冗余输入并联机器人的可控性分析

雅可比矩阵是并联机器人输入输出间的重要关系矩阵,能充分反映机器人的运动学性能。通常情况下,并联机器人具有多个运动自由度。为了避免移动和转动两种自由度的不同量纲对分析的影响,基于雅可比矩阵的分解形式,采用条件数倒数对一种冗余输入并联机器人的可控性能进行了研究,能够更贴切的反映并联机器人的位置和姿态运动控制的难易程度。研究的并联机器人采用了对称的支链结构,分析也表明机器人的可控性关于特定平面对称,验证了方法的有效性。     

一类恒定雅可比矩阵移动并联机构的判定与综合

为得到雅可比矩阵恒定的移动并联机构,基于螺旋理论利用机构的主运动螺旋和传递力螺旋求解机构的雅可比矩阵,给出了移动并联机构在不同位置下雅可比矩阵保持恒定的判定条件。在此基础上,基于约束螺旋理论对具有该特性的分别包含三自由度、四自由度和五自由度分支的这类三自由度移动并联机构进行构型综合,构造并得到了多种雅可比矩阵恒定的移动并联机构。分析3-PPRU和3-CPU两种并联移动机构,由得到的机构在工作空间内不同位置下的输出速度、力变化曲线图可以看出在给定确定的输入情况下,机构的同一输出参数曲线在不同位置时相互重合,从而验证了该类型移动并联机构雅可比矩阵始终保持恒定。     

含正则支链的并联机器人雅可比简化分析方法

雅可比矩阵对并联机器人的速度、精度、刚度等性能分析有重要意义。通常雅可比分析需要计算与驱动关节运动螺旋不互易而与支链其他运动螺旋均互易的力螺旋,分析过程复杂,计算量大。为此,针对一类常见的特殊支链结构,提出正则支链的概念,研究了正则支链的结构特征。分析了转动副和移动副的做功驱动力螺旋,提出含正则支链的并联机器人雅可比简化分析方法,克服了现有方法中计算驱动关节产生的支链约束螺旋的复杂过程。这种方法不必计算支链约束螺旋就能获得并联机器人的部分雅可比矩阵,进而结合支链约束螺旋获得并联机器人的整体雅可比矩阵,实现驱动关节与动平台之间运动和力的双向映射。方法不仅适用于常见的6自由度并联机器人,也适用于具有正则支链的少自由度并联机器人。     

含冗余驱动支链4-UPS&UP并联机构的运动学性能分析

分析含冗余驱动支链4-UPSUP并联机构的运动学性能,该并联机构由著名的Tricept机器人并联模块3-UPSUP机构增加一条无约束驱动支链所得。因冗余驱动支链的引入,该并联机构比3-UPSUP机构拥有更高的承载能力和更好的静、动态性能。在建立4-UPSUP机构的位置逆解模型和7×6广义雅可比矩阵的基础上,得到驱动关节速度到动平台参考点线速度的4×3量纲一雅可比矩阵,并据该矩阵的条件数提出局部运动学性能评价指标。最后,在同尺度下对4-UPSUP和3-UPSUP并联机构的运动学性能进行了对比分析,得到前者运动学性能优于后者的结论。     

新型并联机器人ROBO_003的雅可比矩阵研究

运用反螺旋理论对ROBO_003三自由度并联机器人的雅可比矩阵进行了研究。采用简单的方法找到支链关节螺旋的反螺旋,从而得到了约束雅可比矩阵、驱动雅可比矩阵和完全雅可比矩阵,导出动平台的运动速度到驱动关节速度之间的映射。该方法亦可用于其他三自由度并联机器人的雅可比矩阵研究。     

3-RSR并联机器人静力学和刚度的研究

运用螺旋理论求得3-RSR并联机器人的雅可比矩阵,利用雅可比矩阵建立了动平台所受外力和外力矩到驱动关节的映射关系,使静力学计算变得十分简单,还可以求得动平台的刚度矩阵,并为动力学研究打下基础。     

基于反螺旋理论的3-RSR并联机器人雅可比矩阵研究

运用反螺旋理论对3-RSR三自由度并联机器人的雅可比矩阵进行了研究。采用简单的方法,找到支链关节螺旋的反螺旋,从而得到了约束雅可比矩阵、驱动雅可比矩阵和完全雅可比矩阵,不但导出动平台的运动速度到驱动关节速度之间的映射,而且易于进行全面的奇异位形分析;3-RSR并联机器人无约束奇异,当支链的驱动旋转副轴线、被动旋转副轴线和球铰共面时,产生结构奇异。该文方法亦可用于其他三自由度并联机器人的雅可比矩阵研究。     

一种新型大刚度高灵敏度的并联六维力传感器设计研究

腕力传感器是一类重要的机器人传感器,腕力传感器的结构设计好坏直接影响到传感器的各项指标。在分析了并联力传感器的力变换原理,利用并联传感器的空间力传递关系,直接推导出感测力的六维雅可比矩阵,并将六维力雅可比矩阵用具体的结构参数解析表达,在此基础上设计了一种新的并联六维力传感器,新设计的附加弹性体的采用,使该传感器具有很大的刚度,同时具有很高的检测灵敏度,从而很好地解决了传感器的刚度与灵敏度之间的矛盾,探索了传感器设计的新方法和途径。     

一种新型机械腿的静力学分析

在位置反解的基础上,对一种新型并联机械腿进行静力学分析,用矢量法推导出力雅克比矩阵,定义力雅克比矩阵的条件数作为力和力矩雅可比矩阵的性能指标,绘制其静力学性能评价指标在工作空间内的分布规律。     

基于并联机构的六分量并联天平及其力雅可比矩阵研究

为了由感测力导出被测模型受力 ,必须研究基于Stewart平台六维力传感器的力变换关系。本文将并联机构引入风洞天平 ,提出了并联天平的概念 ,应用并联机构学理论 ,对并联天平实现的关键理论问题即天平感测力与被测模型上所受的六维力的转化关系进行了研究 ,得到了二者转化的力雅可比矩阵 ,同时推导出基于 5个基本结构参数的雅可比矩阵条件数 ,并用数值算例加以验证。为该类天平的优化和设计奠定了理论基础     

Force transmission analyses with dimensionally homogeneous Jacobian matrices for parallel manipulators

To avoid the unit inconsistency problem in the conventional Jacobian matrix, new formulation of a dimensionally homogeneous inverse Jacobian matrix for parallel manipulators with a planar mobile platform by using three end-effector points was presented (Kim and Ryu, 2003). This paper presents force relationships between joint forces and Cartesian forces at the three End-Effector points. The derived force relationships can then be used for analyses of the input/output force transmission. These analyses, forward and inverse force transmission analyses, depend on the singular values of the derived unit consistent Jacobian matrix. Using the proposed force relationship, a numerical example is presented for actuator size design of a 3-RRR planar parallel manipulator.     

求解3-RPS并联机构刚度的新方法

对于少自由度机构来说,由于结构约束的存在,机构中出现了约束反力,约束反力会在机构中产生变形,影响整个机构的精度,在机构分析中必须加以考虑。基于此,以传统的3-RPS并联机构为例,给出考虑约束反力产生变形的刚度模型的建立方法。首先,用观察法分析该机构中存在的约束反力。其次,建立该机构的6×6形式雅可比矩阵,并运用虚功原理建立该机构的静力学模型。最后,分析机构在驱动力和约束力共同作用下产生的弹性变形。在约束反力产生的变形方向上虚设P副,将3-RPS机构的变形和刚度分析转化为一个等效的无约束反力的6自由度并联机构3-RPPS的变形和刚度分析。这种方法给少自由度机构的研究提供了一些新观点。     

Research on parallel load sharing principle of piezoelectric six-dimensional heavy force/torque sensor

In working process of huge heavy-load manipulators, such as the free forging machine, hydraulic die-forging press, forging manipulator, heavy grasping manipulator, large displacement manipulator, measurement of six-dimensional heavy force/torque and real-time force feedback of the operation interface are basis to realize coordinate operation control and force compliance control. It is also an effective way to raise the control accuracy and achieve highly efficient manufacturing. Facing to solve dynamic measurement problem on six-dimensional time-varying heavy load in extremely manufacturing process, the novel principle of parallel load sharing on six-dimensional heavy force/torque is put forward. The measuring principle of six-dimensional force sensor is analyzed, and the spatial model is built and decoupled. The load sharing ratios are analyzed and calculated in vertical and horizontal directions. The mapping relationship between six-dimensional heavy force/torque value to be measured and output force value is built. The finite element model of parallel piezoelectric six-dimensional heavy force/torque sensor is set up, and its static characteristics are analyzed by ANSYS software. The main parameters, which affect load sharing ratio, are analyzed. The experiments for load sharing with different diameters of parallel axis are designed. The results show that the six-dimensional heavy force/torque sensor has good linearity. Non-linearity errors are less than 1%. The parallel axis makes good effect of load sharing. The larger the diameter is, the better the load sharing effect is. The results of experiments are in accordance with the FEM analysis. The sensor has advantages of large measuring range, good linearity, high inherent frequency, and high rigidity. It can be widely used in extreme environments for real-time accurate measurement of six-dimensional time-varying huge loads on manipulators.     

新型球面并联人形机器人踝关节机构静力学性能分析

采用拆杆法建立机构的静力学平衡方程,考虑构件弹性,利用小变形叠加原理建立机构的变形协调补充方程,进而完成二自由度并联人形机器人踝关节机构的静力学分析。通过数值计算,得到在三种外载荷下构件上的各力与机构位姿的关系图。结果表明:外载荷为纯力时,支链1的受力很小,支链2的受力近似为零,而中心球面副支链的受力近似等于外载荷;外载荷为纯力矩时,三个支链的受力情况相似;外载荷为力和力矩时,支链1、支链2的受力情况与外载荷为纯力矩时的受力情况相似,中心球面副支链的受力为前两种情况的叠加。外载荷中的力成分主要由中心球面副支链承载,力矩成分由三个支链共同承载。该研究为该人形机器人踝关节机构在工程中的结构设计与应用提供了静力学参考。     

3/6-SPS 并联机构刚度和弹性变形的解析法分析

针对并联机构中机构的刚度和弹性变形随外载荷变化的问题,以3/6-SPS 并联机构为例,采用解析法求解分析其总刚度矩阵和弹性变形。首先,分析该并联机构受力位置并确定驱动力及其姿态;然后,分析该机构的驱动约束分支的弹性变形,导出驱动约束分支的伴随矩阵;最后求解出该并联机构的总刚度矩阵和弹性变形。得到结论：当建立3/6-SPS 并联机构的总刚度矩阵和求解弹性变形时,必须理清刚度和位姿、广义六维力之间的关系。     

Optimum dynamic balancing of planar parallel manipulators based on sensitivity analysis

This paper addresses the optimum dynamic balancing of planar parallel manipulators exemplified with a 2 DOF parallel manipulator articulated with revolute joints. The dynamic balancing is formulated as an optimisation problem such that while the shaking force balancing is accomplished through analytically obtained balancing constraints, an objective function based on the sensitivity analysis of shaking moment with respect to the position, velocity and acceleration of the links is used to minimise the shaking moment. Sets of optimisation results corresponding to various combinations of the elements of the objective function are evaluated in order to quantify their influence on the resulting shaking moment, ground forces and the driving torques. The results prove that the proposed optimisation approach can be used to completely eliminate the shaking force and to minimise the shaking moment transmitted to the frame of the parallel mechanism. For parallel manipulators or mechanisms with higher degrees of freedom, for which it is virtually impossible to obtain shaking force balancing conditions analytically, we propose an alternative constrained optimisation procedure. This procedure is based on the fact that while the magnitude of either the shaking force or the shaking moment can be bounded through including a set of constraints in the optimisation algorithm, the sensitivities of the other, either those of the shaking force or the shaking moment, can be minimised.     

Reciprocal screw theory based singularity analysis of a novel 3-DOF parallel manipulator

Singularity analysis is an essential issue for the development and application of parallel manipulators.Most of the existing researches focus on the singularity of parallel manipulators are carried out based on the study of Jacobian matrices.A 3-DOF parallel manipulator with symmetrical structure is presented.The novel parallel manipulator employs only revolute joints and consists of four closed-loop subchains connecting to both base and platform via revolute joints.The closed-loop subchain in each chain-leg is a spherical 6R linkage.The motion characteristics of the output link in the spherical 6R linkage with symmetrical structure are analyzed based on the interrelationships between screw systems.The constraints that are exerted on the platform by each chain-leg are investigated applying the concept of generalized kinematic pair in terms of equivalent screw system.Considering the geometric characteristics of the parallel manipulator,the singularity criteria of the parallel manipulator corresponding to different configurations are revealed based on the dependency of screw system and line geometry.The existing conditions of certain configuration that a singularity must occur are determined.This paper presents a new way of singularity analysis based on disposition of constraint forces on the geometrically identified constraint plane and the proposed approach is capable of avoiding the complexity in solving the Jacobian matrices.     

FORCE FEEDBACK DATAGLOVE BASED ON PNEUMATIC ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES

An exoskeleton force feedback dataglove is developed, which uses the pneumatic artificial muscles as actuators. On the basis of the simplified hand model, the motion equation is deduced according to the theory of Denavit-Hartenberg. The model of the equivalent contact forces exerted by the object on the finger is proposed. By the principle of virtual work, the static equilibrium of finger is established. The force Jacobian matrix of finger is calculated, and then the joint torques of the finger when grasping objects are obtained. The theory and structure of the force feedback datagolve are introduced. Based on the theory of motion stabilization of four-bar linkage, the flexion angles of joints are measured. The torques on finger joints caused by the output forces of pneumatic artificial muscles are calculated. The output forces of pneumatic artificial muscle, whose values are controlled by its inner pressure, can be calculated by the joint torques of the finger when grasping objects. The arms of force, driving torques and the needed output forces of pneumatic muscle are calculated for each joint of the index finger. The criterion of output force of pneumatic muscle is given.     

二自由度球面并联机构UP+R静力学分析

采用拆杆法建立了机构的静力学平衡方程,考虑构件弹性,利用小变形叠加原理建立了机构的变形协调补充方程,进而完成了二自由度球面并联机构UP+R的静力学分析。通过计算,得到在三种载荷下构件上各力、输入转矩与机构位姿的关系图。结果表明,仅在外力作用下,机构的输入力矩恒等于零,构件上的力随机构位姿的变化比较平缓,仅在外力矩作用下,机构的输入力矩、构件上的力随着机构位姿的变化与机构的特性相关。力与力矩在构件上所产生的两部分力是独立的,并可以分离。研究结果为该机构在工程中的结构设计与应用提供了静力学理论基础和依据。