PIBG Toolkit:一个笔式界面工具箱的分析与设计

PIBG Toolkit是一个基于PIBG交互范式构造而成的笔式应用开发平台．PIBG Toolkit中包含了纸、框等多种交互组件,定义了纸、框和内容三个层次之间的静态结构和动态机制．开发者开发笔式交互系统时,可以用PIBG Toolkit来建立整体的软件框架和交互机制,并有选择地在系统中添加Toolkit。中所提供的交互组件,这样,开发者的精力将会集中在应用领域的内容上。目前,基于该平台已经开发出多个具有很好应用前景的笔式应用系统。     

自适应笔式用户界面开发的概念框架

提出了一个指导自适应笔式用户界面开发的概念框架CFAPUI(a conceptual framework for developing adaptive pen-based user interface).该框架详细描述了自适应笔式用户界面的软件体系结构,阐述了自适应笔式用户界面的软件体系结构中的各组成模块及其相互间的关系.同时,在体系结构的基础上提出自适应笔式用户界面开发时的具体过程步骤和方法,并通过一个笔式表单应用来说明该开发框架在指导自适应笔式用户界面开发中的具体应用.     

一种笔式表格组件的设计方法

传统基于WIMP界面范式的表格设计,无法满足用户与界面自然、高效、连续性交互的需求,尤其是用户无法根据设计意图自由勾画任意通用的表格,也无法自动标识表格界面逻辑.提出一个基于笔交互的表格组件的设计方法.该方法以数字笔代替鼠标键盘,能够连续输入笔迹并识别为文字、勾画草图并识别为正式表格或框线、使用笔手势操纵界面对象,并能自动识别表格的逻辑结构.本文讨论了该笔式表格组件的开发框架及关键技术,以及表格组件架构,并给出了应用实例及性能评估,实验结果表明,用户使用该方法设计表格具有较高的效率与用户满意度.     

笔式用户界面交互信息模型研究

笔式用户界面是Post-WIMP界面的重要形态,在许多领域得到广泛应用.笔式界面设计需要设计者和用户的共同参与.捕获用户使用意图是设计笔式用户界面的前提,连接交互信息的表示与控制则是成功构造界面的关键.依据笔式交互信息连续性及模糊性特征,从设计参与者与交互信息管理两个维度建立了笔式用户界面交互信息模型OICM(orthogonal interaction information architecture coordinate model).从问题知识域、交互任务、规则集合以及上下文关联4个不同的象限对模型进行了详细的描述,并给出了基于XML的实现方法.在对模型进行分析后,介绍了基于OICM模型的开发平台和应用系统实例.     

基于场景树的笔式用户界面设计

从增加笔式用户界面的可用性和提供自然、方便的交互操作的角度,提出一种使用场景树的界面设计方法,并将该方法用于管理会议系统相关环节,包括会议过程、查询和阅读会议文档、记录等．     

UPIM:以用户为中心的笔式交互系统设计

笔式用户界面是Post-WIMP界面的一种重要形态,有自然、易学、易用等潜在性优点,但是在开发笔式交互系统时,以应用为中心的设计方法无法保证笔式用户界面继续拥有这些优点．为此,首先分析了软件设计的交流模型,在此基础上提出了一种以用户为中心的笔式交互系统的设计方法,并结合科学跳水训练管理系统对该方法进行了详细描述．从实际应用系统的评估结果来看,该设计方法在提高笔式交互系统的可用性方面非常有效．     

CBID系统的可用性评估

本文采用用户测试法和用户调查法对CBID(Case Based Industrial Design)系统进行评估分析。通过对可用性评估结果的分析,进一步为CBID系统与ICAID系统可用性对比研究提供根据。     

自然交互研究--笔式简谱编辑器的设计与实现

自然交互是指用户可以用自己熟悉的日常技能与计算机进行交互。中国有大量的音乐爱好者使用简谱,但是针对简谱编辑的编辑软件却相对较少,并且现有软件的交互方式不够自然,降低了用户对软件的使用效率。他们需要一种更自然、更方便使用的简谱编辑软件。该文介绍了一个基于笔式输入的简谱编辑器原型系统的设计和实现。基于对现有软件、简谱特性和可利用的新技术的综合分析,设计并实现了这个原型系统。对此原型系统进行了非正式的用户实验之后,对结果进行了分析,并提出了修改的方案。     

Post-WIMP环境下笔式交互范式的研究

提出了一种在Post-WIMP环境下的笔式交互范式：PIBG．PIBG范式采用纸笔隐喻,与WIMP范式相比,承载应用信息的交互组件由Window变为Paper和Frame,用户的交互动作由鼠标的点击变为笔的手势．对PIBG范式中静态的界面形式和动态的交互手势进行了研究和设计．结合认知心理学,从信息呈现和交互方式两个方面对该范式的特点进行了阐述．利用GOMS模型,从界面呈现方式、手势的效率、用户满意度三个方面对该范式进行了心理学评估．从评估结果可以看出,PIBG范式通过模拟日常纸笔环境,利用用户原有的知识,可以明显地减轻认知负担,提高操作效率．     

协作笔式用户界面开发工具研究

笔式用户界面是一种重要的Post-WIMP(window icon menu pointer)界面,它给用户提供了自然的交互方式.然而,当前的笔式用户界面工具箱大多是面向单用户任务的,不能很好地支持协作应用场景.通过对笔式交互特征和协作环境功能需求的分析,设计并实现了一个工具箱CoPen Toolkit,用于支持协作笔式用户界面的开发.它提供了灵活的架构和可扩展的组件,支持笔迹描述、事件处理和网络协作等功能.基于CoPen Toolkit,构造了多个原型系统,实践表明,它能够很好地支持协作笔式用户界面的开发.     

基于PCT的用户界面评估方法*

提出基于感知控制的评估方法,将心理学、传统评估方法和感知控制理论相结合,并提出了新的评估准则。该方法首先对界面的状态性和共享操作性进行评估,然后才是有效、高效性评估,旨在使评估后的用户界面满足普适环境下可用性需求。     

基于界面设计模式的界面开发工具综述*

良设计的界面可为用户提供方便易用的服务,增强应用在市场上的竞争力。使用可复用的界面设计模式,旨在提高设计的可用性和效率。界面开发的复杂性需要有工具支持。针对现有基于模式的界面开发工具,本文根据它们对不同开发阶段的支持进行分类,然后对各类工具进行探讨,从形式、功能、可用性等特征展开分析和比较,最后,本文讨论了目前工具存在的不足及未来的研究方向。     

Facilitating energy savings with programmable thermostats: evaluation and guidelines for the thermostat user interface

Thermostats control heating and cooling in homes – representing a major part of domestic energy use – yet, poor ergonomics of these devices has thwarted efforts to reduce energy consumption. Theoretically, programmable thermostats can reduce energy by 5–15%, but in practice little to no savings compared to manual thermostats are found. Several studies have found that programmable thermostats are not installed properly, are generally misunderstood and have poor usability. After conducting a usability study of programmable thermostats, we reviewed several guidelines from ergonomics, general device usability, computer–human interfaces and building control sources. We analysed the characteristics of thermostats that enabled or hindered successfully completing tasks and in a timely manner. Subjects had higher success rates with thermostat displays with positive examples of guidelines, such as visibility of possible actions, consistency and standards, and feedback. We suggested other guidelines that seemed missing, such as navigation cues, clear hierarchy and simple decision paths.

Practitioner Summary: Our evaluation of a usability test of five residential programmable thermostats led to the development of a comprehensive set of specific guidelines for thermostat design including visibility of possible actions, consistency, standards, simple decision paths and clear hierarchy. Improving the usability of thermostats may facilitate energy savings.     

Usability risk level evaluation for physical user interface of mobile phone

The mobile phone has become an indispensable device in everyday life. However, many usability problems were generated by the multi-functionality of mobile phones. There was an important increase on the user interface (UI) design and usability. With the introduction of a variety of forms and keypads in mobile phones, the user's need of controllability, grip-stability, and usability were raised in the UI aspect. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the physical user interface (PUI) elements of mobile phones, and defined the degree of usability risk such as key level value, function level value, and grip level value. Also, this study proposed an evaluation framework to quantitatively measure the usability risk in the mobile phone PUI elements. For this, the mobile phone PUI elements were analyzed and classified by key type, function, and form-factor. Hence, in the case study was investigated and evaluated 133 mobile phones in the market by the proposed framework. As a result, the proposed evaluation framework enabled the measurement of the mobile phone usability risk level in the early stages of the concept design. This made possible the prediction of design problems related with the mobile phone PUI.     

Preventing user interface disasters

Abstract

This article defines a quantitative goal that is cheap to measure for the usability of a business application system for casual users. The article also describes a cost-effective method for attaining the goal. The goal is to eliminate all user interface disasters (UIDs) in a given system. UIDs are usability problems that seriously annoy users, or prevent them from accomplishing their work without help from a human being. The method consists of series of simple user tests without audio or video recording, and with little analysis after each user test. The article concludes by describing Baltica's results of applying the method to a medium-size business application for casual users.     

A Context-Aware Infrastructure for Supporting Applications with Pen-Based Interaction

Pen-based user interfaces which leverage the affordances of the pen provide users with more flexibility and natural interaction.However,it is difficult to construct usable pen-based user interfaces because of the lack of support for their development.Toolkit-level support has been exploited to solve this problem,but this approach makes it hard to gain platform independence,easy maintenance and easy extension.In this paper a context-aware infrastructure is created,called WEAVER,to provide pen interaction services for both novel pen-based applcations and legacy GUI-based applications.WEAVER aims to support the pen as another standard interactive device along with the keyboard and mouse and present a high-level access interface to pen input.It emplolys application context to tailor its sevice to different applications.By modeling the application context and egistering the relevant action adapters,WEAVER can offer servicxes,such as gesture recognition,continuous handwriting and other fundamental ink manipulations,to appropriate applications.One of the distinct features of WEAVER is that off-the-shelf GUI-based software packages can be easily enhanced with pen interaction without modifying the existing code.In this paper,the architecture and components of WEAVER are described.In addition ,examples and feedbacks of its use are presented.     

基于用户界面模型的界面模板

界面模板是一种崭新的界面设计模式，提出了基于界面模型的界面模板概念，在支持界面自动生成的界面开发方法中实现从抽象界面到具体界面的转化。讨论了界面模板的构成与表达、界面模板的分类以及界面模板库体系结构，说明了界面模板的用法。     

A user interface evaluation environment using synchronized video,visualizations and event trace data

This paper presents a simple but very powerful technique to support user interface evaluation along with a prototype open environment — I-Observe, the Interface OBServation, Evaluation, Recording, and Visualization Environment. I-Observe's technique requires recording user interface sessions in multiple modalities, both as a trace of interesting events and through video images. It provides tools to allow the user interface evaluator either to analyze and visualize the event tracer data, or to combine the event trace and video modalities. The analyst using I-Observe can search the event stream for patterns of interesting or important user actions, then use the recorded timestamps associated with these actions to present only the sections of the video recording of interest. This allows the analyst to study, for example, all places where the user invokes a help system or a particular command to be observed, without manually searching the recording or sitting through long sessions of unrelated interactions. By combining the precise recording of automatic event trace capture with the rich contextual information that can be captured in a video and audio recording, this technique allows analyses to be performed that would not be practical with either media alone.     

基于用户体验的多关节主被动训练仪可用性研究

为提高多关节主被动训练仪的可用性水平,以用户体验理论为基础构建了以用户为触点的多关节主被动训练仪可用性评价指标体系,运用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)和隶属度定量化处理的方法构建多关节主被动训练仪可用性评价模型.以某公司生产的一款多关节主被动训练仪为例,先由专家测评确定评价指标并计算出各指标因素的权重值,再由评分小组操作该...     

示范表演驱动的运动数据检索方法及可用性评估

以直观、自然的方式来检索运动数据可有效地提高角色动画生产效率.提出一种通过现场示范表演来检索运动数据的方法,使动画制作人员能够直观、快速地从大容量运动数据库中找到所期望的运动片段.首先通过运动传感器获取用户的示范表演,然后利用经典的DTW时序数据匹配算法来实现基于样例的运动数据检索.通过一组观察实验对它的可用性进行分析和评估的结果表明,文中方法能够显著地提升运动数据检索的效率及用户体验.