微生物采油菌种的筛选和评价

微生物发酵液具有很高的生物活性和良好的驱油性能。系统地报导了大应油田室内筛选和评价菌种的方法，所采用的假单胞杆菌，野油菜花黄单胞杆菌，地衣芽孢杆菌和５ＧＡ近似于杆菌的配伍菌种。     

地衣芽孢杆菌W10与咪鲜胺对桃枝枯病的协同防治作用

[目的]筛选出地衣芽孢杆菌W10与化学农药毒力增效复配剂,明确复配剂对桃枝枯病的田间防效。[方法]采用菌丝生长抑制法,测定W10菌液与化学农药不同配比对桃枝枯病菌的联合毒力,并评价复配剂对桃枝枯病的田间防效。[结果]W10与咪鲜胺1∶1和1∶2复配对桃枝枯病菌有明显的增效抑制作用。3年田间小区试验表明W10和咪鲜胺1:1复配对桃枝枯病防效达到或超过了咪鲜胺单剂。[结论]地衣芽孢杆菌W10可与咪鲜胺复配协同防治桃枝枯病,不仅提高生防比例和效果,还减少农药使用。     

微生物菌剂包膜无机肥料的制备

以枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌为原料配制复合菌剂,再将复合菌剂喷涂包裹在无机肥料颗粒表面制备微生物菌剂包膜无机肥料.考察微生物菌剂包膜肥料微生物菌种的活性及其随时间的变化,并对微生物菌剂包膜肥料进行农化效果验证.结果表明,此工艺得到的微生物菌剂包膜无机肥料存放170d后,微生物菌剂包膜的复合...     

生防芽孢杆菌的分离筛选与初步鉴定

从不同环境中采集7份土壤样品用于芽孢杆菌的分离纯化,通过多次平板划线分离纯化得到30个菌落形态不同的菌株。以黄瓜枯萎病菌为指示菌对得到的菌株进行抑菌活性筛选,其中的4个菌株具有明显的抑菌作用。采用对峙生长法,测定4株芽孢杆菌对其它植物病原真菌的活性,结果显示4个芽孢杆菌均具有广谱抑菌性。进一步试验表明,4株芽孢杆菌的发酵液也具有明显的抑菌作用,说明对病原真菌有抑制作用的物质水溶性较大,大部分释放到发酵液中,并且发酵液可使黄瓜枯萎等植物病原真菌菌丝膨大、褐变、末端钝圆,促进镰刀菌产生小孢子。通过菌落形态特征、系列生化测定对其进行初步鉴定,结果表明其中一株为枯草芽孢杆菌。     

地衣芽孢杆菌发酵土鳖虫前后水溶性活性物质含量比较及抗凝血活性

目的:比较未发酵和经地衣芽孢杆菌发酵后蛋白质、多糖含量的差别,并研究土鳖虫经地衣芽孢杆菌发酵后的抗凝血活性;方法:通过改良Lowry法、苯酚-硫酸法分别测定蛋白质、多糖含量,以凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)为指标评价抗凝血活性。结果:水溶性蛋白质发酵前后含量为65.2061 mg/g,55.9015 mg/g,多糖为46.9724 mg/g,84.8736 mg/g;发酵后能显著延长小鼠的APTT、TT值,但对PT值则无明显影响。结论:土鳖虫经地衣芽孢杆菌发酵后能显著提高多糖含量,明显降低蛋白质含量,并且发酵后具有更强的抗凝效果。     

专利摘编

细菌真菌混合发酵制取微生态制剂和复合酶饲料添加剂摘要:细菌真菌混合发酵制取微生态制剂和复合酶饲料添加剂发明属于生物化学及微生物学领域。地衣芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉混合接种,应用固体发酵机厚层通风发酵即可获得既具有高质量的微生态制剂(活菌数     

几种芽孢杆菌对温度、氨水和乙醇耐受性的研究

研究了枯草芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌以及从土样中筛选的6种未知芽孢杆菌对温度、氨水和乙醇的耐受性。结果表明,水悬液中的芽孢在100℃处理3min后全部被杀死,土壤颗粒包裹的芽孢则需15min全部被杀死;从土样中筛选的6种未知芽孢杆菌在25％的氨水、75％的乙醇中分别浸泡7d后仍有存活。     

植物内生真菌抑制细菌活性菌株的筛选

室内以离体方法测试了供试植物内生真菌样品的丙酮提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌3种病原细菌抑菌活性，筛选出了对供试细菌有很好离体抑菌效果的植物内生真菌样品，2种是从银杏上分离的内生真菌，1种为扶芳藤上分离的内生真菌。     

野甘草的微生物学效应

野甘草是一种常见的天然药物,但是我国对其研究和开发利用较少.本文用野甘草的水提物和乙醇提物对肠道菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、地衣芽孢杆菌等细菌进行生物活性实验.用水和乙醇对野甘草进行冷凝回流提取其中的活性物质,水提物和乙醇提物保存于-20℃冰箱中.利用纸片扩散法,设置了空白对照组,对培养筛选的金黄色葡萄球菌等进行微生物学实验,...     

好氧反硝化细菌的分离鉴定及其应用研究

从杭州某污水厂的活性污泥中筛选得到2株高效好氧反硝化细菌B1和F,显微镜观察和芽孢染色显示,B1和F均属于芽孢杆菌.进一步通过16S rDNA基因序列分析和Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统鉴定,菌株B1属于蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus﹚,F为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis﹚.在实验室温度...     

Effect of apigeninidin on the growth of selected bacteria

Apigeninidin, a 3-deoxyanthocyanidin present in sorghum, was chemically synthesized and effectively purified by extracting impurities from aqueous 2 N HC1 into ethyl acetate. Apigeninidin (50mol) applied to filter paper disks inhibited the growth on agar plates of selected gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, andStreptococcus faecalis) and to a lesser extent gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Serratia marcens, andShigella flexneri). Apigeninidin was not mutagenic based on the Ames assay. The ability of apigeninidin to precipitate proteins from plant extracts could be physiologically important if it can be shown to bind to specific plant proteins.     

净化水质的复合微生态制剂的研究

利用光合细菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、硝化（反硝化）细菌等3种单一菌种微生态制剂制备了一种高效复合微生态制剂,其对水质的净化效果明显优于各单一菌种微生态制剂,当光合细菌制剂、枯草芽孢杆菌制剂、硝化（反硝化）细菌制剂的配比为4：4：1时所制备的复合微生态制剂对水质的净化效果最好,氨氮降解率达到93．2％。     

Preparation,properties, and mathematical modeling of microparticle drug delivery systems based on biodegradable amphiphilic triblock copolymers

A series of biodegradable amphiphilic A‐B‐A type triblock copolymers P(BLA‐PEG‐BLA), composed of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a middle block component (B) and hydrophobic poly(β‐benzyl‐L ‐aspartate) as outer polypeptide block components (A), were synthesized by copolymerization of β‐benzyl‐L ‐aspartate N‐carboxy anhydride (BLA‐NCA) and the diaminated PEG with the primary amino groups capped at both ends. These P(BLA‐PEG‐BLA) copolymers were characterized by ¹H‐NMR, DSC, and GPC. The triblock copolymers were used to prepare three kinds of drug delivery systems including Norfloxacin (INN)‐incorporated P(BLA‐PEG‐BLA) microparticles and tablets. The morphologies of the microparticles were characterized by SEM. The in vitro release properties of the microparticles and tablets in PBS were also evaluated. A mathematical model, which incorporates a linear first‐order dissolution term and the transient Fickian diffusion equation, was developed to account for the kinetics of drug release from the INN‐incorporated P(BLA‐PEG‐BLA) microparticles. The results indicated that the overall release process was well controlled by both drug dissolution and diffusion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3869–3873, 2004     

Chemogenetic Activation of Astrocytes in the Basolateral Amygdala Contributes to Fear Memory Formation by Modulating the Amygdala–Prefrontal Cortex Communication

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is one of the key brain areas involved in aversive learning, especially fear memory formation. Studies of aversive learning in the BLA have largely focused on neuronal function, while the role of BLA astrocytes in aversive learning remains largely unknown. In this study, we manipulated the BLA astrocytes by expressing the Gq-coupled receptor hM3q and discovered that astrocytic Gq modulation during fear conditioning promoted auditorily cued fear memory but did not affect less stressful memory tasks or induce anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, chemogenetic activation of BLA astrocytes during memory retrieval had no effect on fear memory expression. In addition, astrocytic Gq activation increased c-Fos expression in the BLA and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during fear conditioning, but not in the home cage. Combining these results with retrograde virus tracing, we found that the activity of mPFC-projecting BLA neurons showed significant enhancement after astrocytic Gq activation during fear conditioning. Electrophysiology recordings showed that activating astrocytic Gq in the BLA promoted spike-field coherence and phase locking percentage, not only within the BLA but also between the BLA and the mPFC. Finally, direct chemogenetic activation of mPFC-projecting BLA neurons during fear conditioning enhanced cued fear memory. Taken together, our data suggest that astrocytes in the BLA may contribute to aversive learning by modulating amygdala–mPFC communication.     

枯草杆菌BS04菌株抑真菌素的初步研究

BS04是从土壤中分离得到的枯草杆菌菌株,该菌株可以产生抑真菌活性物质,研究结果表明该物质对水稻稻瘟病、水稻纹枯病、辣椒炭疽病等多种植物病原菌有抑制作用,其中对稻瘟病病原菌抑制作用最强,1280倍稀释液抑制率达47％,该物质为水溶性,不溶于氯仿,对热稳定,对苍耳白粉病有很好的防治效果。     

Plant Growth Promotion Function of Bacillus sp. Strains Isolated from Salt-Pan Rhizosphere and Their Biocontrol Potential against Macrophomina phaseolina

In recent decades, intensive crop management has involved excessive use of pesticides or fertilizers, compromising environmental integrity and public health. Accordingly, there has been worldwide pressure to find an eco-friendly and safe strategy to ensure agricultural productivity. Among alternative approaches, Plant Growth-Promoting (PGP) rhizobacteria are receiving increasing attention as suitable biocontrol agents against agricultural pests. In the present study, 22 spore-forming bacteria were selected among a salt-pan rhizobacteria collection for their PGP traits and their antagonistic activity against the plant pathogen fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. Based on the higher antifungal activity, strain RHFS10, identified as Bacillus vallismortis, was further examined and cell-free supernatant assays, column purification, and tandem mass spectrometry were employed to purify and preliminarily identify the antifungal metabolites. Interestingly, the minimum inhibitory concentration assessed for the fractions active against M. phaseolina was 10 times lower and more stable than the one estimated for the commercial fungicide pentachloronitrobenzene. These results suggest the use of B. vallismortis strain RHFS10 as a potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as an alternative to chemical pesticides to efficiently control the phytopathogenic fungus M. phaseolina.     

Hyperthermostable mutants of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase: thermodynamic studies and structural interpretation

This paper provides further understanding of the thermodynamic and structural features determining the stability of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (BLA) at two crucial positions, His133 and Ala209. Results of protein modelling and saturated site-directed mutagenesis at position 133 and 209 have been reported in a previous paper (Declerck et al., 1995, Prot. Engng, 8, 1029-1037). In the first part of the present work, evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that the stabilizing mutations reduce the rate of initial unfolding of the enzyme during the reversible step of the inactivation reaction and do not modify the irreversible processes undergone subsequently by the unfolded molecules. In the second part, we have examined the three- dimensional structure of BLA which has been determined recently by X- ray analysis (Machius et al., 1995, J. Mol. Biol., 246, 545-559). This analysis showed that our previous predictions made from molecular modelling were partly correct. At position 209, the effect of the stabilizing substitutions can be explained by a groove-filling effect reinforcing the hydrophobic packing between two helices of the central domain, while preserving a well-ordered water structure at the surface. At position 133, the stabilizing substitutions must compensate the loss of the hydrogen bond network in which the original histidine side-chain is involved; this compensation could be achieved through enhanced hydrophobic side-chain interactions within the beta-sheet where residue 133 is located, which correlates with the propensity of the residue to form and maintain a beta-strand conformation of the main chain at this position.      

黄腐酸对聚磷细菌聚磷能力的影响

将三株优势聚磷菌芽孢杆菌HS-006、假单胞菌HS-012、微球菌HS-022,分别接入蒙金娜培养基和磷污染水体中,培养24h,测定水体含磷量的变化,三株菌均具有较好的除磷效果。加入黄腐酸后,聚磷菌去磷能力明显增强。     

Distinct Regulation of Dopamine D3 Receptor in the Basolateral Amygdala and Dentate Gyrus during the Reinstatement of Cocaine CPP Induced by Drug Priming and Social Stress

Relapse in the seeking and intake of cocaine is one of the main challenges when treating its addiction. Among the triggering factors for the recurrence of cocaine use are the re-exposure to the drug and stressful events. Cocaine relapse engages the activity of memory-related nuclei, such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), which are responsible for emotional and episodic memories. Moreover, D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists have recently arisen as a potential treatment for preventing drug relapse. Thus, we have assessed the impact of D3R blockade in the expression of some dopaminergic markers and the activity of the mTOR pathway, which is modulated by D3R, in the BLA and DG during the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) evoked by drug priming and social stress. Reinstatement of cocaine CPP paralleled an increasing trend in D3R and dopamine transporter (DAT) levels in the BLA. Social stress, but not drug-induced reactivation of cocaine memories, was prevented by systemic administration of SB-277011-A (a selective D3R antagonist), which was able, however, to impede D3R and DAT up-regulation in the BLA during CPP reinstatement evoked by both stress and cocaine. Concomitant with cocaine CPP reactivation, a diminution in mTOR phosphorylation (activation) in the BLA and DG occurred, which was inhibited by D3R blockade in both nuclei before the social stress episode and only in the BLA when CPP reinstatement was provoked by a cocaine prime. Our data, while supporting a main role for D3R signalling in the BLA in the reactivation of cocaine memories evoked by social stress, indicate that different neural circuits and signalling mechanisms might mediate in the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviours depending upon the triggering stimuli.     

Anti-fatigue properties of tartary buckwheat extracts in mice

Anti-fatigue properties of tartary buckwheat extracts (TBE) was investigated in male Kunming mice. The animals were divided into four groups. The first group, designated as the control group (control), was administered with distilled water by gavage every day for 28 days. The other three groups, designated as TBE treatment groups, were administered with TBE of 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg body weight, respectively, by gavage every day for 28 days. Exhaustive swimming time, blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), tissue glycogen, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of mice after swimming were determined. The results showed that tartary buckwheat extracts had anti-fatigue properties, which extended the exhaustive swimming time of mice, effectively inhibiting the increase of BLA, decreasing the level of BUN, increasing the tissue glycogen content and the activities of SOD and GPx of mice. However, further study is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of the effect of TBE on fatigue.