新试剂3,5—二溴苯基乙炔的合成

报道了一种新的化学试剂－３，５－二溴苯基乙炔的合成，为制备用于苯乙炔树型物合物的重要单体－３’，５‘－二溴－２－苯基－１－（三甲基硅基）乙炔提供了一条新途径。     

一种简便的松果腺素的合成方法

以邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾、１,３二溴丙烷、对甲氧基苯胺为主要原料,经５步化学反应合成了松果腺素：邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾和１,３－二溴丙烷在１５５～１６０℃下反应６ｈ,得到Ｎ－（３－溴丙基）,邻苯二甲酸亚胺（Ⅱ）,产率７７％;Ⅱ在乙醇钠存在下和乙酰乙酸乙酯作用得到２－乙酸基－５－邻苯二甲酰亚氨基戊酸乙酯（Ⅲ）,产率７２％;Ⅲ与对甲氧基苯胺重氮盐偶联后发生环化作用,生成Ｔ２－羧乙基－３－（２－邻苯二甲酰亚氨乙基）－５－甲氧基吲哚（Ⅳ）,产率７４％;Ⅳ经碱皂化、水解、脱羧反萃取纯化,得到５．甲氧基色胺（Ｖ）,产率６６％;Ｖ经乙酸化后得到松果腺素（Ⅵ）,产率８２％。     

抗病毒药阿昔洛韦的合成改进

鸟嘌呤、六甲基二硅氮烷和（NH4）2SO4回流反应18h,浓缩,溶于苯,过滤后与AcOCH2CH2OCH2Br在Hg(CN)2的催化作用下缩合,水解得9－[（2－乙酰氧乙氧基）甲基]鸟嘌呤（1）,1最后与CH2NH2反应制得阿昔洛韦。总收率为72．3％。     

气相色谱法定量分析间－二（三氟甲基）苯合成中的原料及产品

本文介绍了由间－二甲苯合成间－二（三氟甲基）苯过程中间－二甲苯、间－二（三氯甲基）苯、间－二（三氟甲基）苯的气相色谱分析方法，以及对以上三种组分同时进行定性、定量分析的最佳色谱条件。该方法相对误差＜０．８％，相对标准偏差＜０．２％，能准确、快速地对合成中各组分进行定量分析。     

5-甲基-2,4-二(三甲硅氧)嘧啶的简便快速合成法

本文以六甲基二硅胺烷同时作为桂烷化剂与溶剂，合成了5－甲基－2，4－二（三甲硅氧）嘧啶，反应时间50min，收率100％，比文献很导的方法更为快速简便。     

4-(3-三氟甲基)苯基-4-哌啶醇的合成

以间溴三氟甲基苯，N－苄基－4－哌啶酮为原料，经格氏反应、催化脱苄等步骤合成了医药中间体4－（3－三氟甲基）苯基－4－哌啶醇。总收率达87．9％，纯度达99．0％，并得到元素分析、红外及核磁共振的确证。     

硅脲发展现状

本文叙述了六甲基二硅氮烷和Ｎ，Ｎ＇－双（三甲基甲硅烷基）脲（简称硅脲）的制备方法和应用。     

5,5′-二甲基-3,3′-二(三甲基硅基)联苯的合成

采用3,5-二溴甲苯(Ⅰ)为原料,与镁屑及三甲基氯硅烷(TMSCl)按n(Ⅰ)∶n(Mg)∶n(TMSCl)=4.5∶4.9∶6.9的比例在四氢呋喃(THF)中制得三甲基硅基(-TMS)单保护的5-甲基-3-溴-三甲基硅基苯(Ⅱ),产率为85%.以此为中间体与镁屑按n(Ⅱ)∶n(Mg)=6.5∶6.6的比例制成格氏试剂后,与等物质的量的芳基烷(Ⅱ)在质量分数为5%的无水氯化镍(NiCl2)催化下偶联合成了5,5′-二甲基-3,3′-二(三甲基硅基)联苯(Ⅲ),偶联产率为78%.     

5,5'-二甲基3,3'-二(三甲基硅基)联苯的合成

采用 3,5 二溴甲苯 (Ⅰ )为原料 ,与镁屑及三甲基氯硅烷 (TMSCl)按n(Ⅰ )∶n(Mg)∶n(TMSCl) =4 5∶4 9∶6 9的比例在四氢呋喃 (THF)中制得三甲基硅基 (—TMS)单保护的 5 甲基 3 溴 三甲基硅基苯 (Ⅱ ) ,产率为 85%。以此为中间体与镁屑按n(Ⅱ )∶n(Mg) =6 5∶6 6的比例制成格氏试剂后 ,与等物质的量的芳基烷 (Ⅱ )在质量分数为 5%的无水氯化镍 (NiCl2 )催化下偶联合成了 5,5′ 二甲基 3,3′ 二 (三甲基硅基 )联苯 (Ⅲ ) ,偶联产率为 78%。     

5,5'-二甲基3,3'-二(三甲基硅基)联苯的合成

采用 3,5 二溴甲苯 (Ⅰ )为原料 ,与镁屑及三甲基氯硅烷 (TMSCl)按n(Ⅰ )∶n(Mg)∶n(TMSCl) =4 5∶4 9∶6 9的比例在四氢呋喃 (THF)中制得三甲基硅基 (—TMS)单保护的 5 甲基 3 溴 三甲基硅基苯 (Ⅱ ) ,产率为 85%。以此为中间体与镁屑按n(Ⅱ )∶n(Mg) =6 5∶6 6的比例制成格氏试剂后 ,与等物质的量的芳基烷 (Ⅱ )在质量分数为 5%的无水氯化镍 (NiCl2 )催化下偶联合成了 5,5′ 二甲基 3,3′ 二 (三甲基硅基 )联苯 (Ⅲ ) ,偶联产率为 78%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。