基于造影图像的冠状动脉血管三维表面重建方法

在冠状动脉树骨架三维重建的基础上,研究了基于造影图像的血管表面重建方法。首先采用B样条曲线拟合血管的三维骨架,建立了骨架点的局部坐标系。同时研究了血管横截面的椭圆模型,并推导了椭圆方程。针对血管树表面重建中的自相交问题,提出一种新型顶点融合技术,给出了融合点的计算方法。最后利用两幅不同角度的临床冠脉造影图像,成功实现了血管的三维表面重建。     

冠状动脉树三维重建理论模型的研究

冠状动脉树的三维信息对于心血管疾病的评价和诊断具有十分重要的意义，研究了基于两幅冠脉造影图像重建三维冠状动脉树的理论模型，首先根据透视投影原理建立一个双平面冠脉造影系统的投影模型．并分析两幅不同角度的造影图像之间的几何变换关系。然后提出一种新型的深度求解方法．最后给出冠状动脉树模型的三维重建结果。     

弹性配准在冠状动脉三维运动分析中的应用

针对冠状动脉的运动分析问题,本文提出基于弹性配准的血管骨架三维运动估计方法.在对X射线冠脉造影图像序列进行三维血管骨架序列重建的基础上,寻找两个时刻同一血管分支上点之间的对应关系,得到各点的运动向量.通过使适当的目标函数最小化,运用动态规划算法,得到最优匹配.通过采用运动场已知的模拟数据对算法精度进行定量估计,并采用临床图像序列进行实验,结果表明,算法具有较高的精度和较快的运算速度.     

基于变形模型的心血管三维运动跟踪

提出一种心血管造影图像序列的三维运动跟踪方法。按照自顶向下的方式,采用三维变形模型,通过使适当的能量函数最小,表示血管骨架的曲线直接在三维空间中变形,完成血管骨架序列的三维重建。该方法将序列图像中血管的二维中心线提取、三维重建和运动跟踪集成到一个框架中完成,提高了重建精度和运算速度。     

基于场分布的平面散乱点集B样条曲线重建算法

平面散乱点集的曲线重建是逆向工程研究的核心问题之一。该文在Goshtasby算法的基础上,提出了一种基于场分布的平面散乱点集B样条曲线重建算法。首先,通过估计场强基函数的边界提高量子化效率,生成散乱点集场分布的数字图像;然后,利用图像细化结合改进的BFS(Breadth-First-Search)算法来避免数字图像中由于存在大量冗余分支像素而难以生成脊轮廓的问题;最后,采用加权最小二乘法延长重建曲线,改进Goshtasby算法所得的开曲线在端点处收缩的缺点。实验表明,对于带噪声的平面稠密点集,该算法可有效地重建反映点集形状和走向的B样条曲线。     

变形模型技术在冠状动脉造影图像序列后处理中的应用

以冠状动脉血管轴线的三维运动跟踪和心脏的形状建模为例,论述了变形模型在X射线心血管造影图像序列后处理中的应用.首先采用3D snake模型,表示血管轴线的曲线在三维空间中的变形,完成对血管骨架的序列重建.然后以各时刻的血管骨架点作为采样点,采用基于扩展超二次曲面的变形模型,建立心脏形状模型,通过分析不同时刻模型参数的变化,获得心脏变形参数的估计.     

基于光流法的冠状动脉造影图像序列中血管运动的估计

利用冠状动脉造影图像序列进行二维血管运动的分析，对于准确估计与解释心脏的运动，从而正确诊断心血管和心脏疾病十分关键。同时也是由血管造影图进行冠状动脉树三维重建的重要步骤。笔者采用光流法对单面冠状动脉造影图像序列进行血管运动估计，以动脉分叉点作为运动跟踪的标志，并提出在很短的时间间隔内冠状动脉上很小部分的运动可以认为是简单平移的假设，从而计算出血管以及相关心外膜的运动参数。     

关于曲线检测的探讨

曲线测量一直是几何计量中的一个重点 ,本文阐述了已知曲线和未知曲线测量原理 ,利用 B样条拟合曲线 ,以及如何借助最小二乘对测量值 (二维 )进行最佳拟合和偏差处理     

基于Haar小波分解的快速曲线重构

采用Haar小波分解构造误差驱动的曲线数据压缩算法，对求得的少量重要数据点。运用保型性好计算速度快的通用参数化曲线插值方法，最终求得满足要求的三次B样条曲线，本文算法适用于大量密集数据点的快速曲线重构。     

基于形参均匀B样条盈亏修正的图像边缘检测

利用形参均匀B样条平滑公式,建立了一种盈亏修正的图像边缘检测新方法。首先对图像的原型值点进行盈亏修正,进一步减少原始图像和平滑图像之间的残余误差;然后利用形参均匀B样条修匀公式对修正后的图像拟合光滑曲面;最后求拟合后的光滑曲面的一阶导数极值点或二阶导数的零交叉点作为边缘特征点。试验表明,该方法稳定可靠,精度较高,能够很好地去除伪边缘;同时该方法简洁,便于实时处理。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...