工业化生产与信息化施工

在当今工业信息化进程中,建筑业的工业化生产和信息化施工是动生产力发展的必然趋势。阐述了工业化生产和信息化施工的概念和优势,论证了工业化生产和信息化施工的可行性,分析了我国现阶段工业化生产和信息化施工尚存在的问题,最后指出工业化生产和信息化施工是目前和今后一段时间应该努力的方向。     

建材企业网络建设方案初探

一、引言 当今世界,经济全球化和信息化的步伐日益加快.人类首次借助先进的现代电子信息通信技术和装备,有效地突破了时间和空间的多种限制和束缚,开展经济、科技和社会等各种交流活动.     

建筑杂志社2012——2013年度优秀宣传组织奖、突出贡献奖、优秀记者奖获奖名单

优秀宣传组织奖 山东省泰安市住房和城乡建设委员会 山东省烟台市住房和城乡建设局 山东省威海市城乡建设委员会 山东省潍坊市住房和城乡建设局 山东省莱芜市住房和城乡建设委员会 山东省寿光市环境卫生管理局 山东省滨州市住房和城乡建设局 山东省安丘市住房和城乡建设局 山东省昌邑市环境卫生管理局 江苏省南通市城乡建设局 江苏省常州市住房和城乡建设局 浙江省湖州市住房和城乡建设局 湖南省岳阳市住房和城乡建设局     

印度馆，2010年上海世博会，中国

2010年上海世博会印度馆的主展区拥有世界上最大的竹结构穹顶。整个印度馆包含一个二元空间——穹顶和表演前庭。潜在的二元性设计是对印度自身的隐喻，表现在庭院和穹顶两个空间：分别代表了热带城市独特的开放和封闭、无限和有限、非正式和正式；也代表了集市和庙宇、农村和城市、过去和未来。     

合力和谐 合和奋起

<正>广东合和建筑五金制品有限公司是国内数一数二的建筑五金生产企业,1981年成立。从当年的合和塑胶厂到今天的合和集团,经过三十多年的发展,合和作为一家民营企业已经形成了自己独有的企业文化,即合和文化。通过合和文化,合和集团逐步完善自我,以合作共赢,和谐发展     

卷首语

<加强城市的安全和保障:2007年全球人类住区报告>主要介绍了城市安全和保障的三大威胁.它们是:城市犯罪与暴力,居住权缺乏保障和强制驱逐,以及自然和人为灾害.它分析了世界各地与这些威胁有关的状况和发展趋势,并特别重视其背后的原因和影响,以及在城市,国家和国际层面上所采取的好的政策和最佳范例.     

消防科学技术和产品交流合作的盛宴第十五届国际消防设备技术交流展览会掠影

5月7日至9日,中国消防协会在北京国际会议中心和奥林匹克公园主办第十五届国际消防设备技术交流展览会,来自21个国家和地区及国内的515家企业和科研、认证、检测机构参展,进行学术交流、贸易和合作洽谈,为观众和游客带来了世界最新消防科学技术和产品的盛宴。     

钢筋混凝土转换桁架的有限元分析与合理设计

利用有限元方法研究钢筋混凝土桁架式转换层在自重载荷和地震载荷作用下的变形和应力分布。以某综合楼为例，采用空间细长梁单元BEAM4和考虑剪切效应的空间梁单元BEAM188分别建立考虑上层结构和底层结构的桁架式转换层有限元模型。在顶部和底部分别施加含有位移约束条件的载荷条件和位移边界条件，计算获得自重和地震载荷作用下不同单元和边界条件下结构的变形和应力。讨论了不同单元和不同边界条件对结果的影响。研究表明梁单元BEAM4和BEAM188给出的结果差别不大，自重引起的内力是主要成分。同时讨论了模型选择应该注意的问题和如何降低转换层最大内力的方法。     

居住区生态小区的规划设计

生态小区是通过调整人居环境生态系统内生态因子和生态关系,使小区成为具有自然生态和人类生态、自然环境和人工环境、物质文明和精神文明高度统一、可持续发展的理想城市住区。生态小区空间结构合理、基础设施完善,生态建筑、智能建筑和生命建筑广泛应用,人工环境与自然环境融合。它符合城市规划和区域规划,与区域和城市融洽,是生态城市的一部分,体现了所在城市的风貌和特质。     

住房和城乡建设部要求加快无障碍建设和改造

住宅和城乡建设部发出通知,要求健全和完善无障碍建设法规和标准,进一步加快无障碍建设和改造,搞好无障碍设施的维护和管理。     

玻璃钢锚杆托盘及螺母极限应力和位移分析

为了研究支护用锚杆在极限应力作用下力学特性,建立了锚杆托盘及螺母的有限元模型,采用ANSYS程序对螺母及托盘的应力、位移进行了数值仿真分析。研究了托盘及螺母在极限应力下的接触特征;绘制了托盘及螺母的应力云图,得到了托盘及螺母内部的应力、位移分布情况。结果表明,托盘边缘及托盘内部大小圆盘连接位置较为危险;螺母中间位置由于受托盘的挤压容易发生破坏;加肋可以提高锚杆的极限承载力,为结构的优化提供借鉴。     

Relational competence in complex temporary organizations: The case of a French hospital construction project network

Large and complex project networks are characterized by the collaboration of heterogeneous organizations and individuals. In addition to project management techniques and complementary skills, relational competence, i.e. the ability to actively create and develop collaborative relationships is an essential asset for managing project networks. Networks represent structured role systems which may be a substitute for stable organizational structures and routines. This study investigates relational competence in the network of a large construction project of a French hospital. Based on network data and qualitative interviews, we compare the formal roles and positions of actors in the network to their actual roles and positions and analyze how relational competence promotes the coordination of project work. We find several actors whose network position and relational competence correspond to the formal organization and several actors with a mismatch between the formal organization and the actual role and position. In the latter cases, other network members step in and contribute to an effective coordination. The concept of relational competence in combination with network analysis contributes to a better understanding of the functioning of project networks. In particular, it reveals dysfunctions in the project network and allows for identifying the reasons for failure.     

冻融环境中饱和岩石的热量传递与温度平衡规律

 冻融环境中温度是岩石性态变化的关键影响指标之一,而冻融试验中岩石的热量传递和温度变化规律国内和国际都未形成统一认识。为探究岩石在冻融环境中的热量传递和温度变化规律,利用室内试验和数值计算方法分别研究冻结和融化过程中试样温度平衡的过程和时程规律。利用3种岩石进行饱和态的冻融循环试验,试样中心温度监测表明,冻结和融化过程的试样温度均存在显著的3段式变化特征,其中相变过程是一个较为特殊和重要的阶段,相变温度均在0 ℃～－1 ℃范围。随着试验温度区间增大,冻结和融化各阶段时长显现出不同规律,冻结过程总时间逐渐降低,而融化过程总时间先降低后升高。基于第3类热传导边界条件,利用Comsol Multiphysics有限元数值计算平台,分析考虑相变阶段的冻结和融化过程,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。数值计算结果显示,试样不同位置的冻结与融化特征主要体现在相变阶段差异,而试样孔隙率对该阶段的影响最大,剩余温度势造成对称温度区间和非对称温度区间的冻结、融化特征的显著差异。     

Nonlinear analysis of integral infilled frames

The nonlinear behaviour of integral infilled frames, in which the infill and the frame are bonded or connected together, is studied both experimentally and analytically. In the theoretical study, a finite-element method is used and the nonlinearities of the materials and the structural interface are taken into account. The entire range of load-deflection behaviour is investigated. Besides stiffness and strength, the stress distribution, crack patterns and collapse modes are also studied. Particular attention is directed towards the stress redistribution before collapse. The effects of the connectors are investigated in relation to the stiffness and strength of the infilled frames. Theoretical stiffness and strength predictions are compared with experimental results.     

Environmental affordances and children’s needs: Insights from child-friendly community streets in China

With rapid urbanization in China, an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space. Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions, and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities. As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities, the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities. The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities. It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth. Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design, children’s growth and environment, and street-game spaces, this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and other methods. Then, from the perspective of cognitive affordance, functional affordance, and social affordance, it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group. Finally, from the perspectives of openness and security, preference and diversity, positive and negative, and reality and potential, it proposes a method to assess the existing environment. This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities, and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels, so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness. This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community.     

Displacements of column-supported embankments over soft clay after widening considering soil consolidation and column layout: Numerical analysis

The common challenges for constructing embankments on soft clay include low bearing capacity, large total and differential settlements, and slope instability. Different techniques have been adopted to improve soft clay, such as the use of foundation columns including stone columns, deep mixed columns, and vibro-concrete columns, etc. Due to increased traffic volume, column-supported embankments may be widened to accommodate the traffic capacity need. Adding a new embankment to an existing embankment generates additional stresses and deformations under not only the widened portion but also the existing embankment. Differential settlements between and within the existing embankment and the widened portion may cause pavement distresses. Limited research has been conducted so far to investigate widening of column-supported embankments. In this study, a two-dimensional finite difference numerical method was adopted. This numerical method was first verified against field data and then used for the analysis of widened column-supported embankments over soft clay. The modified Cam-Clay model was used to model the soil under the existing embankment and the widened portion. Mechanically and hydraulically coupled numerical models were created to consider the consolidation of the foundation soil under the existing embankment and the widened portion. Different layouts of foundation columns under the existing embankment and the widened portion were investigated. The numerical results presented in this paper include the vertical and horizontal displacements, the maximum settlements, the transverse gradient changes, and the stress concentration ratios, which depended on column spacing. The columns installed under the connection side slope were most effective in reducing the total and differential settlements, horizontal displacement, and transverse gradient change of the widened embankment.     

Magnetoelastische Spannkraftmessung in Bauwerken

Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed.     

堆土加卸载与基坑开挖叠加对既有隧道变形的影响研究

针对堆土加卸载与基坑开挖叠加效应导致既有地铁隧道变形较大的问题,建立考虑加卸载叠加效应影响的三维空间分析模型,研究不同堆土加卸载叠加基坑开挖卸载模式对邻近地铁隧道变形规律的影响,探讨隧道在堆土加载、移土卸载再叠加基坑开挖下的变形规律。结果表明:正上方堆土加卸载对隧道的竖向位移影响较大,是侧向堆土加卸载的3倍～5倍; 在经历堆土加卸载后,隧道会残留不可忽视的变形,其残留竖向位移约为加载后位移的62%; 堆土加卸载叠加侧方基坑开挖时,隧道变形受基坑开挖深度的影响较大,大于隧道埋深的开挖阶段会加剧隧道变形; 4种叠加模式中,正上方堆土加卸载-侧方基坑开挖卸载隧道最终竖向位移最大,约17 mm,侧方堆土加卸载-异侧基坑开挖卸载隧道最终水平位移最大,约8 mm,邻近隧道施工时应充分考虑叠加效应的影响,尽量避免这两种情况。     

增加，改造，修正：不断成长的博物馆

在２０世纪末期．欧美的博物得变成了一种“加法动物”不断进行着改建、扩建和加建．从而涌现出大量风格方式不间的建筑实例其中既有失败．也有成功。本文选择了部分典型案例如以分析，特别肯定了托马斯·毕比和西萨·佩里的设计概念和方法，并提出了未来的改．扩建将面向未来不断发展的观点。     

重庆某桥加固后荷载试验分析

为保证重庆某桥加固后运营的可靠性、验证加固后桥梁结构是否满足承载力的设计要求,对该桥进行了静力荷载实验。本文介绍了试验的范围及内容,对控制荷载进行了说明、计算,进而确定了加载的荷载、工况以及加载的顺序。将Midas Civil 2010计算的理论应力和挠度值与实测值进行比较分析,结果表明该桥加固后营运安全可靠,刚度和强度满足设计要求。