流水车间成组工件调度问题的多目标优化算法

针对优化目标是最小化全部提前/拖期和机器调整次数的多目标流水车间成组工件调度问题,提出了一种改进的变权重进化算法结合延迟调整算法的联合优化方法。首先采用改进的变权重进化算法对加工排序进行寻优;其次,在给定调度序列的情况下采用延迟调整算法对加工时刻进行优化。仿真实验表明,所设计的算法能够有效地求解该类问题。     

基于正态云模型的状态转移算法求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题

为了求解具有多目标多约束的柔性作业车间调度问题,提出一种基于正态云模型的状态转移算法.构建以最小化最大完工时间、机器总负荷及瓶颈机器负荷为目标的多目标柔性作业车间调度问题的数学模型;针对灰熵关联度适应度分配策略在Pareto解比较序列与参考序列之间的差值相等时不能引导算法进化的情况,提出一种改进灰熵关联度的适应度值分配策略;同时引入兼具模糊性和随机性的云模型进化策略以改进状态转移算法,可有效避免算法早熟并增加候选解的多样性.仿真结果表明:基于正态云模型的状态转移算法能够有效解决多目标柔性作业车间调度问题;与其他算法相比,所提出算法求解问题的收敛精度更高、收敛速度更快.     

改进GWO算法求解柔性钣金车间动态重调度问题

根据钣金生产线特点建立了具有工件优先级约束的多目标柔性作业车间动态调度模型,并提出改进的多目标灰狼优化算法用于求解该模型。首先,针对该模型设计出一种同时满足工件优先级约束、工序优先级约束和设备加工约束条件的剪枝式解码方案;其次,提出一种非线性收敛因子和动态位置更新策略,用于平衡经典灰狼优化算法的探索能力和利用能力;最后,为减少设备故障对原始调度方案的影响,设计了一种动态重调度策略。通过实验验证了改进多目标灰狼优化算法求解钣金车间动态调度问题的有效性和动态重调度策略的可行性。     

考虑模糊作业时间的再制造加工车间多目标调度方法

针对再制造加工过程中作业时间的不确定性以及现行车间调度问题中多目标并行的特点,以三角模糊数描述再制造加工车间作业时间的不确定性,建立以完工时间、加工成本、设备负载平衡和加工能耗为目标的再制造加工车间调度模型,并提出一种基于多种群协同进化的混合人工鱼群算法对模型进行求解.该算法采用多种群协同进化的思想提高单种群混合人工鱼群算法的搜索能力,并考虑对多目标再制造加工车间调度问题的适用性,最后以个体分散程度为指标更新Pareto解集中的最优解.仿真实验验证了所提出方法的可行性.     

并行机成组调度问题的启发式算法

研究了优化目标为总拖后/提前时间最小化的并行机成组调度问题,提出了一种三阶段启发式近似求解算法。首先把并行机问题看成单机问题,以最小化总拖后时间为优化目标排列工件的加工次序;然后将工件按第一阶段所求得的次序指派到最先空闲的并行的机器上;最后采用改进的GTW算法对各机器上的工件调度插入适当的空闲时间。计算表明该算法能够在很短的时间内给出大规模调度问题的近似最优解。     

改进多目标进化算法求解柔性作业车间调度问题

针对加工时间为模糊数的柔性作业车间调度问题,考虑最小化模糊最大完工时间、模糊机器总负荷、模糊关键机器负荷为优化目标,提出一种有效求解该类优化问题的多目标进化算法。算法采用一种混合不同机器分配和工序排序策略的方法产生初始种群,并采用插入空隙法对染色体进行解码。定义一种新的基于可能度的个体支配关系和一种基于决策空间的拥挤算子,并将所提支配关系和拥挤算子运用于快速非支配排序。接着,提出一种基于移动模糊关键工序的局部搜索策略对种群中的优势个体进行局部搜索。通过试验研究关键参数对算法性能的影响并将所提算法与3种不同的优化算法作对比。结果表明,所提算法能够比其它算法更有效解决多目标模糊柔性作业车间调度优化问题。     

多AGV和机器集成的多目标柔性作业车间调度研究

为解决智能制造环境中具有多时间和多AGV约束的柔性作业车间调度问题,构建了以最小化最大完工时间、最小化总延期、最小化设备总负荷为目标的机器/AGV双约束多目标调度模型,模型中综合考虑加工时间、工件到达时间、交货期等多时间因素,进行了多AGV和机器集成调度。为求解该模型,设计了新的AGV调度规则和改进的NSGA-算法,算法中提出了基于工序的扩展染色体编码方式和基于AGV分配的贪婪式解码策略,同时设计了不同参数控制的多种群二元锦标赛选择和分段交叉变异策略以及基于Pareto级的去重精英保留策略,以促进个体协同优化搜索。通过实例实验,分析了不同AGV数量任务分配方案下的模型有效性,对4个案例的仿真测试和同类算法比较解也验证了改进NSGA-算法求解该模型的有效性。     

极小化等待时间的热处理批调度模型与PSO解

机加车间的工件动态到达热处理车间后因受到批处理设备合批等的约束不能及时得到加工,基于工件动态到达的热处理车间,以最小化工件等待时间期望为目标,建立批调度模型,根据工件到达时间实现了粒子群算法微粒的编码以及对工件的分批,通过仿真实验得到结论:缩短工件的加工时间,则在热处理车间内,可以减小工件等待时间期望;降低工件数规模,工件会密集到达热处理环节,从而减短工件等待时间;工件的等待时间期望的大小与工件规模数量有关,工件数规模较小时,大尺寸工件的等待时间期望优于小尺寸工件,规模较大时,则相反。最后,对比分析了本文改进的粒子群算法的效果,发现改进的粒子群算法最优。     

时间约束混合流水车间调度问题综述

车间调度是智能制造领域中的核心问题之一, 在经典流水车间调度中, 所有工件按照相同的加工顺序在指 定机床上加工. 混合流水车间调度(HFS)作为流水车间调度的特例, 相比前者增加了机床选择的灵活性, 可以显著 优化系统目标, 但同时也增加了问题求解的难度. 由于时间约束HFS相比基本HFS问题更贴近实际生产过程, 近年 来, 综合考虑各类时间相关约束的HFS问题得到了深入研究. 因此, 本文围绕基本HFS、有限等待时间HFS、带准备 时间HFS、模糊/随机加工时间HFS、多时间约束HFS、时间约束相关多目标HFS等问题开展研究. 针对每一类时间 约束HFS问题, 按照问题规模对当前研究成果进行分类描述, 按照确定性算法、启发式方法、元启发式方法、算法混 合对相关成果进行算法分类, 按照实际工业应用对文献进行归类分析. 另一方面, 围绕交货期、能耗、成本等3类性 能指标, 分析了在各类时间约束HFS问题中的多目标优化相关成果. 最后详细分析了带时间约束HFS问题在问题层 面、算法层面和应用层面存在的挑战性问题和未来研究的方向.     

求解区间柔性作业车间调度的多目标进化算法

针对不确定多目标柔性作业车间调度问题,将工序加工时间采用区间数表示,以区间最大完工时间和区间机器总负荷为优化目标,构建多目标区间柔性作业车间调度模型,并设计一种多目标进化优化算法对该模型进行求解.算法采用混合策略生成初始化种群,并采用贪婪插入法对染色体进行解码,通过基于可能度的占优关系评价个体性能,将区间目标归一化结合拥挤距离反映优化解的分布情况.实验结果验证了所提出算法的有效性.     

求解柔性作业车间调度的GATOC混合方法

柔性作业车间调度问题是经典作业车间调度问题的扩展,它允许工序在可选加工机器集中任意一台上加工,加工时间随加工机器不同而不同。针对柔性作业车间调度问题的特点,提出一种基于约束理论的局部搜索方法,对关键路径上的机器的负荷率进行比较,寻找瓶颈机器,以保证各机器之间的负荷平衡。为了克服传统遗传算法早熟和收敛慢的缺点,设计多种变异操作,增加种群多样性。为了更好保留每代中的优良解,设计了基于海明距离的精英解保留策略。运用提出的算法求解基准测试问题,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

A fast estimation of distribution algorithm for dynamic fuzzy flexible job-shop scheduling problem

Due to the complicated circumstances in workshop, most of the conventional scheduling algorithms fail to meet the requirements of instantaneity, complexity, and dynamicity in job-shop scheduling problems. Compared with the static algorithms, dynamic scheduling algorithms can better fulfill the requirements in real situations. Considering that both flexibility and fuzzy processing time are common in reality, this paper focuses on the dynamic flexible job-shop scheduling problem with fuzzy processing time (DfFJSP). By adopting a series of transforming procedures, the original DfFJSP is simplified as a traditional static fuzzy flexible job-shop problem, which is more suitable to take advantage of the existing algorithms. In this paper, estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) is brought into address the post-transforming problem. An improved EDA is developed through making use of several elements omitted in original EDA, including the historical-optimal solution and the standardized solution vectors. The improved algorithm is named as fast estimation of distribution algorithm (fEDA) since it performs better in convergence speed and computation precision, compared with the original EDA. To sum up, the ingenious transformation and the effective fEDA algorithm provide an efficient and practical way to tackle the dynamic flexible fuzzy job-shop scheduling problem.     

基于遗传算法的可变机器约束模糊作业调度

对同时考虑模糊加工时间和模糊交货期,以及工件的某道工序有多台机器可供选择的模糊作业车间调度问题进行了研究,在 Giffler & Thompson算法的基础上引入了基于优先规则的冲突处理方法,并且设计了相应的遗传算子,保证遗传操作后的染色体搜索空间仍然属于活动调度集,最后通过仿真实验,验证了该算法的有效性。     

解并行机模糊调度问题的自适应遗传算法

针对家纺企业车间调度的实际情况,建立了一种产品优先级约束的模糊车间调度模型。在模型中,完工时间和交货期都是模糊的,交货期平均满意度最大为调度目标。基于此模型,提出了一种自适应的遗传算法,该算法通过比例选择及局部搜索保证种群的优良特性,并通过自动调节变异率和交叉率的方式保证种群的多样性,有效跳出局部收敛。仿真结果表明,自适应遗传算法能有效求解,并优于免疫遗传算法。     

An improved artificial bee colony algorithm for flexible job-shop scheduling problem with fuzzy processing time

This study addresses flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) with fuzzy processing time. An improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm is proposed for FJSP cases defined in existing literature and realistic instances in remanufacturing where the uncertainty of the processing time is modeled as fuzzy processing time. The objectives are to minimize the maximum fuzzy completion time and the maximum fuzzy machine workload, respectively. The goal is to make the scheduling algorithm as part of expert and intelligent scheduling system for remanufacturing decision support. A simple and effective heuristic rule is developed to initialize population. Extensive computational experiments are carried out using five benchmark cases and eight realistic instances in remanufacturing. The proposed heuristic rule is evaluated using five benchmark cases for minimizing the maximum fuzzy completion time and the maximum fuzzy machine workload objectives, respectively. IABC algorithm is compared to six meta-heuristics for maximum fuzzy completion time criterion. For maximum fuzzy machine workload, IABC algorithm is compared to six heuristics. The results and comparisons show that IABC algorithm can solve FJSP with fuzzy processing time effectively, both benchmark cases and real-life remanufacturing instances. For practical remanufacturing problem, the schedules by IABC algorithm can satisfy the requirement in real-life shop floor. The IABC algorithm can be as part of expert and intelligent scheduling system to supply decision support for remanufacturing scheduling and management.     

Parallel machine scheduling with fuzzy processing times using a robust genetic algorithm and simulation

This paper addresses parallel machine scheduling problems with fuzzy processing times. A robust genetic algorithm (GA) approach embedded in a simulation model is proposed to minimize the maximum completion time (makespan). The results are compared with those obtained by using the “longest processing time” rule (LPT), which is known as the most appropriate dispatching rule for such problems. This application illustrates the need for efficient and effective heuristics to solve such fuzzy parallel machine scheduling problems (FPMSPs). The proposed GA approach yields good results quickly and several times in one run. Moreover, because it is a search algorithm, it can explore alternative schedules providing the same results. Thanks to the simulation model, several robustness tests are conducted using different random number sets, and the robustness of the proposed approach is demonstrated.     

Genetic algorithms in integrated process planning and scheduling

Process planning and scheduling are actually interrelated and should be solved simultaneously. Most integrated process planning and scheduling methods only consider the time aspects of the alternative machines when constructing schedules. The initial part of this paper describes a genetic algorithm (GA) based algorithm that only considers the time aspect of the alternative machines. The scope of consideration is then further extended to include the processing capabilities of alternative machines, with different tolerance limits and processing costs. In the proposed method based on GAs, the processing capabilities of the machines, including processing costs as well as number of rejects produced in alternative machine are considered simultaneously with the scheduling of jobs. The formulation is based on multi-objective weighted-sums optimization, which are to minimize makespan, to minimize total rejects produced and to minimize the total cost of production. A comparison is done w ith the traditional sequential method and the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) approach, based on the Pareto optimal concept.     

Single CNC machine scheduling with controllable processing times to minimize total weighted tardiness

Advanced manufacturing technologies, such as CNC machines, require significant investments, but also offer new capabilities to the manufacturers. One of the important capabilities of a CNC machine is the controllable processing times. By using this capability, the due date requirements of customers can be satisfied much more effectively. Processing times of the jobs on a CNC machine can be easily controlled via machining conditions such that they can be increased or decreased at the expense of tooling cost. Since scheduling decisions are very sensitive to the processing times, we solve the process planning and scheduling problems simultaneously. In this study, we consider the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single CNC machine to minimize the sum of total weighted tardiness, tooling and machining costs. We formulated the joint problem, which is NP-hard since the total weighted tardiness problem (with fixed processing times) is strongly NP-hard alone, as a nonlinear mixed integer program. We proposed a DP-based heuristic to solve the problem for a given sequence and designed a local search algorithm that uses it as a base heuristic.     

A scheduling algorithm for applications in a cloud computing system with communication changes

This paper proposes a scheduling algorithm to solve the problem of task scheduling in a cloud computing system with time‐varying communication conditions. This algorithm converts the scheduling problem with communication changes into a directed acyclic graph (DAG) scheduling problem for existing fuzzy communication task nodes, that is, the scheduling problem for a communication‐change DAG (CC‐DAG). The CC‐DAG contains both computation task nodes and communication task nodes. First, this paper proposes a weighted time‐series network bandwidth model to solve the indefinite processing time (cost) problem for a fuzzy communication task node. This model can accurately predict the processing time of a fuzzy communication task node. Second, to address the scheduling order problem for the computation task nodes, a dynamic pre‐scheduling search strategy (DPSS) is proposed. This strategy computes the essential paths for the pre‐scheduling of the computation task nodes based on the actual computation costs (times) of the computation task nodes and the predicted processing costs (times) of the fuzzy communication task nodes during the scheduling process. The computation task node with the longest essential path is scheduled first because its completion time directly influences the completion time of the task graph. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed algorithm via simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed DPSS produced remarkable performance improvement rate on the total execution time that ranges between 11.5% and 21.2%. In view of the experimental results, the proposed algorithm provides better quality scheduling solution that is suitable for scientific application task execution in the cloud computing environment than HEFT, PEFT, and CEFT algorithms.     

Job sequencing with uncertain and controllable processing times

In this paper, a single machine scheduling problem is considered. The jobs' processing times are controllable (i.e., they may take any value within a certain range) and non-precisely defined. They are treated as linguistic variables, whose values are expressed by means of fuzzy numbers. The objective function to be minimised is: (a) the mean flow time cost plus the mean processing cost, and (b) the maximum flow time cost plus the total processing cost. The problem is modelled as an assignment problem and is solved optimally with respect to the defuzzification strategy used.