一种三元复合絮凝剂的合成及性能研究

以聚硅酸、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(C-PAM)为原料,制备了复合型无机高分子絮凝剂PCSM。考察了加药量、铝与硅的物质的量比、pH值等因素对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,少量添加C-PAM有助于改善聚合铝硅(PSAC)的稳定性和絮凝效果。与PSAC相比,PCSM有较宽的pH值适用范围,絮体颗粒粗大、密实,沉降速度快,余浊低。     

蛭石絮凝剂一级强化絮凝预处理皮革废水的研究

针对悬浮颗粒物多、有机污染物浓度高的皮革废水，使用生态型无生物毒性的蛭石絮凝剂，进行一级强化絮凝预处理，结合阳离子助凝剂C-PAM，并且参考传统无机絮凝剂PAC，分别调查蛭石絮凝剂对皮革废水的絮凝效果、C-PAM的协同效应以及与PAC相比之下的絮凝沉降速度。由实验结果可知，蛭石絮凝剂对皮革废水具有很好的絮凝效果，在最佳投加量为6.0 g/L时，上清液的COD、SS、浊度、TP和NH₃-N的去除率分别为62.1%、94.5%、97.9%、88.6%和19.3%；在此基础上，阳离子C-PAM为12 mg/L最佳投加量下，上清液的COD、SS、浊度要比只有蛭石絮凝剂的去除率再度增加34.3%、52.4%和54.7%，总去除率分别达到75.1%、97.6%和98.9%，对TP和NH₃-N无机物离子去除的影响很小；絮凝后上清液中的重金属和硫化物仍然满足国家排放标准，不因絮凝而超标。相比于PAC，蛭石絮凝剂具有更好的絮凝和沉降效果，在C-PAC协同下，蛭石絮凝剂2 min就基本完成沉降，而PAC却刚刚开始，即使15min后，蛭石絮凝剂的沉积物体积也只有P...     

絮凝法降低炼油厂循环水中油含量研究

采用絮凝法降低炼油厂循环水中油含量。分别选取聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁等单一絮凝剂和自制复合絮凝剂,研究各种絮凝剂除油效果。通过对絮凝剂加入量的改变,观察其絮凝状况及除油效果,筛选出除油效果最佳的絮凝剂。试验结果表明常规无机絮凝剂与自制接枝淀粉复配其除油效果最佳,除油效率可达80%以上。     

絮凝法降低炼油厂循环水中油含量

采用絮凝法降低炼油厂循环水中油含量。分别选取聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁等单一絮凝剂和自制复合絮凝剂进行对比试验。通过改变絮凝剂投加量,观察其絮凝状况及除油效果,筛选出除油效果最佳的絮凝剂。试验结果表明,常规无机絮凝剂与自制接枝淀粉复配其除油效果最佳,除油效率可达70%以上。     

PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂处理燃煤电厂脱硫废水的研究

考察了现阶段燃煤电厂脱硫废水常用水处理药剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)联合用于预处理脱硫废水时,药剂的离子形态、絮凝剂选择、药剂投加量、反应转速、溶液pH对絮凝效果的影响及其影响机理。絮凝试验结果表明,非离子形态PAM在低投加量情况下的絮凝效果优于C-PAM和A-PAM;相较于PAFC、PAFS、PFS等絮凝剂,PAC的絮凝效果较好,且其与PAM质量比为10∶1、pH=8、转速为250 r/min条件下,除浊率达99.3%,此时上清液浊度为30.2 NTU,SS值为58 mg/L,可满足脱硫废水水质指标中对SS的出水要求。     

油田污水絮凝剂的室内研究

针对吉林油田一次沉降后的采出污水,利用无机絮凝剂硫酸铝、硫酸亚铁、三氯化铁:聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS):不同分子量、不同水解度的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM);自制HY油田污水絮凝剂等及其复配的产物,进行了絮凝剂种类、用量的筛选,同时考察了沉降速度、搅拌速度和加药顺序等因素对絮凝效果的影响。结果,采用自制的HY絮凝剂与PAC复配,加量在分别2.5mg/l和30mg/l,取得了很好的絮凝效果,并可除去污水中的钙、镁离子,并有较强的除油能力。     

阳离子聚合物P(AM-DBC)的合成及絮凝性能研究

以丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DBC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,通过水溶液自由基聚合法制备了一种阳离子聚合物P (AM-DBC),研究了反应温度、单体物料配比以及引发剂用量等因素对反应转化率和除油率的影响,并通过絮凝实验评价了该阳离子聚合物的除油率和絮凝性能.结果 表明:在反应温度为65℃、挖(DBC) ∶n (AM) =1∶3、引发剂过硫酸盐占单体DBC和AM总质量的2.5‰、链转移剂占单体DBC和AM总质量的1‰、反应时间为7h条件下,转化率(实际产量占单体理论转化量)为96.3％.与常规絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和P(AM-DM)相比,P(AM-DBC)的除油率和絮体状态较好,且和无机絮凝剂复配后处理效果更佳.     

明矾-壳聚糖复合絮凝处理含油废水的研究

利用无机絮凝剂明矾和有机絮凝剂壳聚糖复合作用对含油废水进行絮凝处理。对影响絮凝过程的主要因素,如温度、溶液pH值、絮凝剂用量及复合絮凝剂配比进行了实验研究,结果表明:最佳絮凝条件为温度40℃和pH值6~7,复合絮凝剂明矾:壳聚糖配比为3∶1,絮凝剂用量为0.5 g/L时,絮凝效果最好。处理后的含油污水澄清度高,除油率可达到97%。     

微生物絮凝剂处理建材废水研究

分别研究了絮凝剂产生菌HHE-P7,HHE-P8,HHE-P21,HHE-P24,HHE-A26所产絮凝剂对高浊度建材废水的絮凝效果,并对影响絮凝作用的主要因素进行了探讨。絮凝效果表明,在碱性条件下,每1L建材废水(2227NTU)中,投加8~10mL含菌培养液浊度去除率均在92%以上,与常规絮凝相比,具有用量少,絮凝速度快的优点。     

疏水改性阳离子高分子絮凝剂的合成及其絮凝性能

以甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为原料,通过无皂乳液聚合制备了流动性好的疏水改性阳离子型高分子絮凝剂P(DMC-MMA),并考察了不同因素对P(DMC-MMA)除油效果的影响。结果表明:在单体总质量分数为30%、n(DMC)∶n(MMA)=7∶3、反应温度75℃、引发剂用量为0.5%、反应时间8 h条件下制备的P(DMC-MMA)具有良好的絮凝效果,最高除油率可达96%,且絮体不黏壁。     

蒙脱石絮凝剂在河道排污水中的应用研究

使用酸改性无机矿物蒙脱石絮凝剂(MTSF)对进入主干河流的河道排污废水进行预处理,并且与传统絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)进行对比,研究了不同投加量下絮凝剂对排污水的絮凝除污效果和沉降性能的影响.结果表明,MTSF对排污废水中浊度、SS、TP、COD以及NH4+-N的去除率分别为75.4％、52.0％、97.5％、71.4...     

New equipment for detection of polymer induced flocculation of cellulosic fibres by using image analysis — application to microparticle systems

The present investigation has shown that the use of image analysis can be a very efficient way to study the state of flocculation of cellulosic fibres. By an FFT analysis of the grey-values of the collected images, of the flowing fibres, it was possible to evaluate both a degree of flocculation of the fibres and an average diameter of the formed flocs. Calibration with model flocs correlated very well with earlier published data.Investigations regarding flocculation of unbleached cellulosic fibres caused by a microparticle based retention aid, i.e. a combined addition of a high molecular mass cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM) and a bentonite clay, and a site blocking polymer (SBP) (a dimethylamine epichlorohydrine condensate) were also conducted. The results from these measurements show that a preadsorption of the SBP to a surface coverage of 50% of the fibres (i.e. of its saturation adsorption) resulted in a higher degree of flocculation upon addition of the C-PAM of the microparticle based flocculant. This is probably due to a more extended conformation of the C-PAM out from the surface of the cellulosic fibres. These results were also in accordance with earlier published theories. A simultaneous addition of SBP and C-PAM in the microparticle system was not as efficient, regarding flocculation, as a pre-adsorption of the SBP. This can be explained by the fact that the way that both the SBP and the C-PAM are adsorbed is affected by the way the polymers are added. In accordance with earlier publishd data the results indicate that the adsorption of SBP is strongly affected by the presence of the C-PAM.The results nevertheless show that an addition of a SBP has a positive effect on microparticle based retention aids.Finally the present results clearly demonstrate that the polymer addition levels in flocculation studies (which are relevant for practical use) are comparably low compared with saturation adsorption on the fibres and the difference in flocculating ability of differently charged C-PAM is small compared with their corresponding saturation adsorption. Further investigations in this area are strongly recommended.     

Polyacrylamide-induced coagulation process removing suspended solids from palm oil mill effluent

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a colloidal suspension with 2–4% suspended solids. About 50% of the suspended solids are cellulosic compounds, which are not degraded in the typical biological treatment systems. Chemical (polymer-induced coagulation) and physical (settling) pretreatment methods were examined to remove the suspended solids in this study. A novel physicochemical treatment with high water recovery and sludge compressibility including three cationic polyacrylamides (C-PAM; as coagulant) and three anionic polyacrylamides (A-PAM; as flocculant) with different molecular weights and charge densities was used. The coagulants used were biodegradable. The combination of a C-PAM (Chemfloc1515C) with medium molecular weight and charge density and an A-PAM (Chemfloc 430A) with high molecular weight and charge density at doses of 300 and 50 mg/dm³ showed the best total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (96.4 and 70.9%, respectively). The optimal condition was found at pH 5, rapid mixing at 150 rpm for 1 min, and slow mixing at 40 rpm for 30 s. As a conclusion, the physiochemical pretreatment using biodegradable coagulants was a promising alternative to effectively separate TSS (96.4%) with high water recovery (76%).     

硅藻土复合絮凝剂的制备及其对污染海水的混凝效能

采用焙烧和碱浸法对硅藻原土进行提纯活化处理,对提纯前后硅藻土的比表面积、SEM进行表征,确定了硅藻原土的最适宜焙烧温度和碱浸浓度.选用提纯后的硅藻土为原料,以硫酸铁为改性剂制备硅藻土复合絮凝剂,考察了硅藻土复合絮凝剂对污染海水氨氮、总磷和COD_Mn的混凝效果,并通过iPDA在线监测技术对其混凝特性进行了初步研究.实验结果表明,吉林长白县硅藻原土的最适宜焙烧温度为500 ℃,硅藻土101和104的最适宜NaOH浸洗浓度分别为1 mol/L和4 mol/L,提纯活化后的硅藻土表面微孔更加明显,比表面积较原土有一定程度的增大.改性硅藻土101与硫酸铁按质量比9:1制成的硅藻土复合絮凝剂对污染海水具有最好的混凝效果,当硅藻土复合絮凝剂投加量为60 mg/L时,对污染海水中氨氮、总磷和COD_Mn的去除率分别为26.25%、94.81%和44.42%,比单独采用硫酸铁作为絮凝剂时的去除率分别提高了3.93%、12.54%和6.09%.     

一种锌基复合絮凝剂的制备研究

以氯化锌、氯化铝、盐酸和聚丙烯酰胺为主要原料,制备了无机-有机锌基复合絮凝剂.以浊度去除率为考察指标,探讨了制备过程中ZnCl2、AlCl3、PAM和HCl的投加量对锌基复合絮凝剂絮凝效果的影响.结果表明,锌基复合絮凝剂的最佳制备条件:ZnCl2质量分数为10％,AlCl3质量分数为10％,PAM质量分数为0.015％,HCl质量分数为3％.与铝盐复合絮凝剂和铁盐复合絮凝剂相比,锌基复合絮凝剂具有絮凝沉降快、污泥体积小等特点.     

新型高效复合絮凝剂PFCNS的制备与性能研究

以工业废渣和淀粉为基本原料,通过阳离子化、接枝共聚和复合三步反应,合成了一种新型高效的复合絮凝剂PFCNS,并探讨了絮凝剂用量对絮凝效果、C ODcr去除效果和透光率的影响.通过对生产废水的絮凝实验,表明PFCNS投药量少,絮凝沉降速度快,CODcr去除率高,絮凝效果优于聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯化铝.     

油田产出液絮凝剂复配及加药工艺实验研究

通过实验对比,优选出高效复合絮凝剂,并对复合絮凝剂混合速度、反应时间及加药次序进行实验研究,提出絮凝剂合理工艺方案.经现场试验,复合絮凝剂能有效净化油田污水.     

水处理絮凝剂的应用及研究进展

介绍了水处理絮凝剂的种类．叙述了无机絮凝剂、合成有机高分子絮凝剂、微生物絮凝剂以及复合型絮凝剂在水处理中的应用及研究现状,特别指出了复合型絮凝剂在水处理中的应用前景。认为从低分子到高分子、由无机到有机及由单一型到复合型是絮凝剂的发展走向,应追求高效、廉价、环保的絮凝剂。     

聚硅酸/聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂的研究

以硅酸钠为前驱体,制备得到硅溶胶,然后采用原位聚合法一步合成了聚硅酸/聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂,通过红外光谱对合成产物的结构进行了表征。采用透光率、化学需氧量去除率对絮凝剂的絮凝效果进行了表征,并探讨了聚硅酸pH值、老化时间、聚合反应温度和时间等合成条件对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,当硅酸钠浓度为0.5 mol/L、聚硅酸pH=5、老化时间为24 h、丙烯酰胺为5 g、引发剂用量为0.3 g,聚合反应温度为70 ℃、时间为90 min时,得到的聚硅酸/聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的絮凝效果最佳。