部分煤气化结合流化床燃烧的联合循环(PGFBC-CC)方案综合性能比较

本文作者在对各种PGFBC—CC系统进行深入分析的基础上，进行归纳总结，尝试对PGFBC—CC系统进行了分类，将PGFBC—CC系统归纳为典型的四个方案：两个方案基于增压流化床燃烧炉(PFBC)，另两个方案基于出常压流化床燃烧炉(AFBC)，并对它们进行性能计算、参数分析，从供电效率、经济性、环保方面综合比较了这四方案的优劣，提出了适合我国国情的PGFBC—CC方案。     

煤气热电联产系统设计和运行问题探讨

本文对各种煤气热电三联产方案进行了比较，对三联产系统所涉及的关键技术问题如循环倍率和循环流化床锅炉设计、返料机构和气体密封、气化炉设计以及燃烧炉和气化炉负荷调节和协调运行、运行安全性等问题进行了探讨，提出了适用的方案和建议，从而为联产炉设计和正常运行提供参考。     

新型近零排放煤气化燃烧利用系统

以CO2接受体法气化技术为基础构建了新型的近零排放煤气化燃烧利用系统。煤被加入压力循环流化床气化炉里以水蒸汽为气化介质进行部分气化产生H2、CO和CO2在以CaO作为接受体吸收CO2并放出气化反应所需的热量的同时，CO也通过水煤气变换反应被转化。气化过程所产生高纯度氢气供给固体氧化物燃料电池发电。煤经部分气化后所剩的低活性焦碳和吸收CO2后产生的CaCO2一起被送入循环流化床燃烧炉，焦炭和燃料电池所排出的舍氢尾气燃烧提供CaCO2分解所需的热量。燃烧炉产生的高浓度CO2与其他污染物(SOk、NOx等)一起经余热发电后综合处理，从而实现整个系统的近零污染物排放。经计算，以烟煤为燃料的系统发电效率可达65．5％左右。     

部分煤气化结合流化床燃烧技术的联合循环(PGFBC-CC)发电系统参数分析

作者对典型PGFBC－CC发电系统进行了较全面的参数分析，找出了影响系统性能的主要参数，并为提高这类发电系统性能提出了一些有益的措施及建议。     

空气鼓风流化床煤部分气化炉煤气成分与热值试验

在内径100mm，高4．2m的常压流化床气化炉试验装置上进行试验，考察了气化炉温度，空煤比，汽煤比等影响因素对煤气成分和热值的影响，并对其气化机理进行了分析。结果表明，流化床煤部分气化炉内存在较佳气化温度，汽煤比和空煤比区域。图7表3参4     

我国石化企业电站石油焦燃烧方式研究

文中定量分析了高硫石油焦燃烧中SO2排放浓度、必需的脱硫深度，指出石油焦与煤在循环流化床锅炉中混烧是适合我国国情的方案。     

我国生物发电研究新成果

中科院广州能源研究所承担的“十五”863项目“生物质气化发电优化系统及其示范工程”，目前已取得阶段性成果．开发出适合我国国情的生物质中小型气化发电系统。采用循环流化床气化炉和多级气化净化装置。配置多台200-400kW的单气体燃料内燃发电机组，用谷壳、木屑、稻草等多种生物质作原料，可以在不同的负荷下运行。     

我国高速轻型车用柴油机现状及其实现国3排放的技术途径

详细分析了我国高速轻型柴油机的现状,并对其发展前景进行了乐观的估计,指出了我国高速轻型柴油机与国外先进机型的差距,分析了高速轻型柴油机满足严格的国3(欧3)排放法规的可行性和技术途径,在对实现国3标准的燃油系统技术方案综合性能对比分析的基础上,提出了适合我国国情的高速轻型柴油机达到国3排放标准的经济的现实方案,即高喷射压力的PM型直列泵 电子调速器 冷却的废气再循环(EGR)方案。     

生物质气化/燃烧双反应器的冷态试验研究

采用所搭建的生物质气化/燃烧双反应器冷态试验台,研究了生物质气化效果的影响因素.双反应器中气化炉内径为211 mm,高为1.7m,为移动床形式;燃烧炉内径为100mm,高为5m,为循环流化床形式.2个反应器由气动返料装置进行连接,通过炉内的灰循环实现耦合.在此试验台上进行了物料循环量的试验研究,考察了循环量与燃烧炉一次风速、下返料风速的关系,通过理论计算,得到了气化炉循环灰所携带的热量和物料在气化炉内的停留时间,为热态试验台的设计提供理论基础.     

部分煤气化空气预热燃煤联合循环发电系统(PGACC)技术方案研究

部分煤气化空气预热燃煤联合循环发电系统是一种把煤气化技术，常压流化技术与联合循环结合起来的洁净煤发电技术，它通过将压气机排气在常压流化床锅炉中进行预热，同时利用气化炉内的高温煤气使蒸汽过热，从而提高循环效率，它的发电效率比较高，系统比较简单，是一种新的洁净煤发电技术的选择。文章采用ASPEN PLUS软件对部分煤气化空气预热燃煤联合循环方案改造老电厂的多种技术方案进行计算并对技术方案作了初步研究。     

内循环流化床煤气化炉的试验研究和设计

介绍了一种内循环流化床煤气化炉，它由气化室和燃烧室组成，采用蒸汽和空气鼓风，可产生中热值煤气。在小型试验台上对运行参数和结构尺寸对物料循环的影响进行了试验，提出了合理的运行设计参数，并建立了颗粒通过水平孔口物料循环模型。在此基础上，进行100kg／h小型内循环流化床气化炉设计。图10表4参9     

The generation of high temperature gas from fluidized bed furnaces

The work described relates to the development of a coal-fired fluidized bed furnace for the generation of hot gases for industrial heating processes. Following a programme of coal model studies of the internal solids circulation rates between adjacent beds, a furnace test facility was developed in the form of two interconnected fluidized beds. One bed is operated as a partial gasifier/pyrolyser and the other as a char combustor. The gas produced by pyrolysis is mixed above the bed with the oxygen-rich gas from the char combustor and burns to give hot gas at temperatures of up to 1600°C. The use of low ash washed singles grade coal (13–25 mm size range) gives an overall combustion efficiency better than 98 per cent.     

Small‐scale production of synthetic natural gas by allothermal biomass gasification

The gasification of biomass can be coupled to a downstream methanation process that produces synthetic natural gas (SNG). This enables the distribution of bioenergy in the existing natural gas grid. A process model is developed for the small‐scale production of SNG with the use of the software package Aspen Plus (Aspen Technology, Inc., Burlington, MA, USA). The gasification is based on an indirect gasifier with a thermal input of 500 kW. The gasification system consists of a fluidized bed reformer and a fluidized bed combustor that are interconnected via heat pipes. The subsequent methanation is modeled by a fluidized bed reactor. Different stages of process integration between the endothermic gasification and exothermic combustion and methanation are considered. With increasing process integration, the conversion efficiency from biomass to SNG increases. A conversion efficiency from biomass to SNG of 73.9% on a lower heating value basis is feasible with the best integrated system. The SNG produced in the simulation meets the quality requirements for injection into the natural gas grid. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reactivity tests of the water–gas shift reaction on fresh and used fluidized bed materials from industrial DFB biomass gasifiers

The dual fluidized bed gasification process, offers various advantages for biomass gasification as well as the utilization of other solid feedstocks. In order to improve the knowledge of the reactions in fluidized bed gasifier, different types of bed material used in the gasifier were tested in a micro-reactivity test rig. It has been previously observed that during long-term operation, the surface of the bed material used (calcined olivine) undergoes a modification that improves catalytic activity. The main reaction of interest is the water–gas shift reaction. Olivine taken from long-term operation at the 8 MW biomass gasifier at Güssing (Austria), fresh olivine as a reference, and calcite, which is commonly used for enhancing in-bed catalytic tar reduction, were tested using the micro-reactivity test rig. Tests were carried out at temperatures of 800, 850, and 900 °C and space velocities of 40,000 to 50,000 h⁻¹ were applied. CO conversions of up to 61.5% were achieved for calcite. Used olivine showed a similar behavior, representing a large improvement compared to fresh olivine, which had CO conversion rates of less than 20%.     

双室内循环流化床煤气化系统的冷态实验研究

本文发展并建了双室并列流化床煤气化系统的冷态模型。在此基础上,对影响气化系统操作的两个主要因素－两流化床之间颗粒物料的循环技术及流化床床层的膨胀特性进行了实验研究。     

Experimental Study on Coal Multi-generation in Dual Fluidized Beds

An atmospheric test system of dual fluidized beds for coal multi-generation was built.One bubbling fluidized bedis for gasification and a circulating fluidized bed for combustion.The two beds are combined with two valves:one valve to send high temperature ash from combustion bed to the gasification bed and another valve to sendchar and ash from gasification bed to combustion bed.Experiments on Shenhua coal multi-generation were madeat temperatures from 1112 K to 1191 K in the dual fluidized beds.The temperatures of the combustor are stableand the char combustion efficiency is about 98%.Increasing air/coal ratio to the fluidized bed leads to theincrease of temperature and gasification efficiency.The maximum gasification efficiency is 36.7% and thecalorific value of fuel gas is 10.7 MJ/Nm3.The tar yield in this work is 1.5%,much lower than that of pyrolysis.Carbon conversion efficiency to fuel gas and flue gas is about 90%.     

Coupling a Stirling engine with a fluidized bed combustor for biomass

The paper deals with the integration between a kinematic Stirling engine and a fluidized bed combustor for micro-scale cogeneration of renewable energy. A pilot-scale facility integrating a 40 kW_t combustor and a γ-type Stirling engine (0.5 kW_e) was set up and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of this solution. The Stirling engine was installed at a lateral wall of the combustor in direct contact with the fluidized bed region. An experimental campaign was executed to assess the performance of the innovative integrated system. The experimental results can be summarized in: (a) very high combustion efficiency with biomass feeding, (b) elevated heat transfer rate to the engine, (c) a relatively small share (about 2 kW_t) transferred to the engine from the thermal power generated by the combustor (around 13 kW_t), (d) conversion to electric power close to the upper limit of the engine, (e) limited impact of the Stirling engine on the fluidized bed behavior, for example, temperature. From the analysis of measured variables, the dynamics is dominated by the fast response of the Stirling engine, which rapidly reacts to the slow changes of the fluidized bed combustor regime: the dynamic response of the tested facility as a thermal system was slow, the time constant being of the order of 10 minutes.     

Development of renewable biomass energy by catalytic gasification: Syngas production for environmental management

Gasification is a process in which biomass is decomposed into small quantities of solid char and ash and large quantities of gaseous products in the presence of one or more fluidizing agents. In this paper, a lab scale fluidized bed gasifier was used to explore the effects of different kinds of calcined dolomites (CD-1, CD-2, and CD-3) on tar conversion and composition during air-steam gasification of biomass. Results showed that all dolomites have a good performance in terms of tar reduction but CD-2 is more reactive than two other dolomites with respect to tar destruction. When the temperature was lower than 850^?C, conversion of tar was relatively low; however, with temperature increasing further (>850 ^?C), tar conversion was greatly enhanced.