幂指数棱台局域共振型声子晶体板的带隙特性与减振机理研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对船体板结构的振动控制,提出了一种新型幂指数棱台局域共振型声子晶体构型。研究表明,该声子晶体兼具局域共振低频带隙和声学黑洞高频带隙,对高频激励和低频激励均有较好的减振效果。声子晶体其低频带隙因共振单元的局域共振效应产生,带隙频段为78~115 Hz。在声子晶体能带结构的高频段中发现了隐藏于平直带的U型频散曲线,且频散曲线间的频段可有效抑制板的垂向振动,即产生垂向高频振动带隙。高频带隙产生的机理是幂指数棱台斜面的能量聚集效应形成的局域共振。随着散射体高度增大,低频带隙的中心频率降低,且带宽增大。棱台的幂次升高会使高频带隙的起始频率与终止频率降低,而边缘厚度的增高会使高频带隙的带宽逐渐变窄。新型声子晶体相较传统声学黑洞构型可有效提高船体板结构强度,从而可实际应用于船舶结构工程领域。研究成果可为舰艇结构振动控制提供支撑。     

基于COMSOL局域共振声子晶体薄板振动带隙研究

针对低频振动控制问题,研究一种局域共振声子晶体薄板的振动带隙。首先,基于弹性波方程及Bloch定理,探讨应用COMSOL有限元模拟方法开展声子晶体振动带隙计算的可靠性;然后,模拟计算所设计的局域共振声子晶体薄板的振动带隙,分析其带隙结构和元胞结构参数对振动带隙的影响,并以200 Hz～400 Hz的中低频为目标频段,通过选择带隙宽度在目标频段内占比最大的参数组合作为声子晶体薄板的最优设计方案;最后,在频域上考察声子晶体薄板内波的传输特性。研究表明,利用COMSOL有限元模拟方法开展声子晶体振动带隙计算是可靠的,与数值计算方法相比,其计算的带隙参数误差都很小;对于所设计的局域共振声子晶体薄板,元胞的结构参数对振动带隙具有显著影响,通过优选元胞结构参数,可使声子晶体薄板的振动带隙向低频区域移动;薄板内波的传输特性和薄板的振动位移图进一步证实了在振动带隙内薄板对波传播的阻碍作用。     

含有周期分布转动振子的声子晶体梁的弯曲振动带隙研究EI北大核心CSCD

将转动振子周期布置于基体梁上形成声子晶体梁,受到外激励时,转动振子对基体梁产生动态反力矩作用。基于欧拉梁理论,采用传递矩阵法计算得到含转动振子的声子晶体梁的复能带结构。计算结果表明,转动振子可以使得声子晶体梁产生窄频带局域共振带隙和宽频带Bragg带隙。分析转动振子的转动惯量和转动刚度对带隙的调控作用,得到带隙变化的一般规律。转动刚度恒定时,减小转动惯量会拓宽局域共振带隙。转动振子频率恒定时,过大或过小的转动刚度会减小局域共振带隙带宽。同时提高转动惯量和转动刚度可以有效拓宽Bragg带隙。针对有限长的含转动振子的声子晶体梁,用谱单元法计算振动传递率,验证了含转动振子的声子晶体梁的带隙特性。该研究为声子晶体的带隙设计提供了理论依据。     

含有周期分布转动振子的声子晶体梁的弯曲振动带隙研究

将转动振子周期布置于基体梁上形成声子晶体梁,受到外激励时,转动振子对基体梁产生动态反力矩作用。基于欧拉梁理论,采用传递矩阵法计算得到含转动振子的声子晶体梁的复能带结构。计算结果表明,转动振子可以使得声子晶体梁产生窄频带局域共振带隙和宽频带Bragg带隙。分析转动振子的转动惯量和转动刚度对带隙的调控作用,得到带隙变化的一般规律。转动刚度恒定时,减小转动惯量会拓宽局域共振带隙。转动振子频率恒定时,过大或过小的转动刚度会减小局域共振带隙带宽。同时提高转动惯量和转动刚度可以有效拓宽Bragg带隙。针对有限长的含转动振子的声子晶体梁,用谱单元法计算振动传递率,验证了含转动振子的声子晶体梁的带隙特性。该研究为声子晶体的带隙设计提供了理论依据。     

基于质量放大局域共振型声子晶体的低频减振设计

针对低频结构振动控制,设计了一种质量放大局域共振型声子晶体。基于周期结构的Bloch定理和有限元方法研究了无限声子晶体的能带特性,同时基于有限元法研究了弹性波在有限周期结构中的传播特性。在此基础上,对声子晶体质量放大带隙与局域共振带隙的形成机理和带隙特性进行了研究。最后以梁框架结构低频减振为目标,将设计的质量放大局域共振声子晶体嵌入框架结构中,综合应用声子晶体带隙特性和黏弹性材料阻尼特性,实现低频宽带振动抑制效果。进一步,对框架结构一阶固有频率,进行声子晶体结构优化设计,实现了一阶固有频率处振动的高量级抑制,并设计制备实验样件,进行实验验证。结果表明,这种质量放大局域共振声子晶体可以为结构低频减振提供一种新的实现方法。     

一种新型复合局域共振型声子晶体带隙特性

设计了一种新型复合局域共振型声子晶体,通过建立弹簧-质量块等效模型用于计算带隙的上下边界频率,同时结合有限元方法分析了该结构共振带隙的产生机理,根据带隙起止点频率处的位移模态研究了声子晶体的带隙特性。研究结果表明,该声子晶体结构在频率2 200 Hz附近产生三条完整带隙,其中一条是带宽达406.17 Hz的宽带隙。对于有限周期结构的声子晶体进行了传输特性仿真和隔声实验测试,在相同的频段内弹性波传播受到了阻碍。最后,对影响声子晶体带隙打开的几种因素进行分析,讨论了带隙上下边界调控机制。研究结果为声子晶体获得较宽的低频带隙提供了一种新的设计思路和方法。     

弹性波在对称准周期结构固/液声子晶体中的传播

基于准周期Fibonacci序列,提出了一维对称准周期序列固液介质声子晶体。利用传输矩阵法,数值研究了弹性波在其中的透射特性,以及局域谐振模的基本特征。弹性波正入射时,对低序列声子晶体,在声子带隙的中心频率处出现局域谐振模,且在其左右对称地出现两条局域谐振模。在较高序列结构的声子晶体中,仅在中心频率处出现一条局域谐振模。当弹性波斜入射时,声子带隙和谐振模都略微向高频方向移动。弹性波以较大角度斜入射时,只有低频弹性波透射。     

基于多层S型局域振子的声子晶体双层梁结构带隙特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对工程中的振动噪声控制问题,提出了一种声子晶体梁结构,基于周期结构的Bloch定理,采用有限元法计算了该结构能带结构、特征模态所对应的位移场以及相应有限周期声子晶体梁结构的振动传输曲线,对其展现出的带隙特性进行了研究。由局域共振带隙形成主要机理,研究了低频段振动噪声控制的声子晶体梁结构,可应用于工程中特定频率的减振降噪问题。并对比分析了声子晶体单层梁结构和声子晶体双层梁结构的带隙特性,研究了单/双层梁结构振动的通性。研究了各参数对声子晶体梁结构带隙衰减频段的影响规律,通过合理设计参数,可以实现结构特定范围的低频隔振,在船舶、大型发电机组及其他工程的振动噪声领域中具有很好的应用前景。     

四方折叠梁声子晶体低频带隙特性研究

提出一种二维四方折叠梁声子晶体结构,通过有限元仿真分析该结构的低频带隙特性和几何参数影响,阐述多重共振耦合机理。结果表明:二维四方折叠梁局域共振型声子晶体的几何尺寸即四方折叠梁宽度的增大,可以导致带隙变窄,甚至消失。折叠梁、基体材料和谐振子连接处的几何尺寸对带隙的影响具有一致性,其尺寸的增加仅可以使第一带隙向低频移动。大原胞的不同排列组合可以打开或者关闭低频带隙。设计思想丰富了声子晶体低频带隙相关理论,可为其相关结构设计提供一定的理论指导,在超低频频率范围内的多共振现象说明该声子晶体结构在低频能量回收方面有潜在的应用价值。     

可调谐局域共振梁带隙模型改进

局域共振声子晶体具有弹性波带隙特性,可用于结构振动与噪声控制。通过引入压电分流阵列也可以在基体结构形成弹性波带隙,尤其是谐振分流电路可以产生局域共振带隙。而且,通过调节分流电路参数可以方便地改变其局域共振带隙特性。研究了含压电分流阵列的局域共振梁带隙计算建模方法,指出了传统带隙模型的不足,并提出了改进模型。利用传递矩阵法计算了传统模型和改进模型弯曲波传播常数,比较了两种模型对带隙预测的差异,发现传统模型在局域共振带隙内形成了较大误差,利用改进模型可以大大提高局域共振带隙的预测精度。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...