索拉胶-PVA复合水凝胶的制备及其伤口促愈合性能研究

索拉胶是一种水溶性细菌胞外多糖,单一成分的索拉胶水凝胶通常机械性能较差,难以有效应用于伤口敷料领域。采用与其他聚合物共混构建具有互穿聚合物网络的水凝胶可有效改善上述情况。因此,该研究首先利用具有生物粘附特性的聚多巴胺和索拉胶间的静电作用构建第一层凝胶网络;再以聚乙烯醇为另一主要基质进行共混,通过循环冷冻-解冻法构建第二层凝胶网络,从而制备复合水凝胶。通过粘弹性能测试确定水凝胶的最佳制备条件为：索拉胶浓度4%,聚乙烯醇浓度为8%,–20℃冷冻18 h,4℃解冻6 h,冷冻-解冻循环4次。所制备的复合水凝胶内部为分布均匀,高度连续的多孔结构,平衡溶胀率达到41.6%,在5 h内能较好地保证伤口处的湿润环境;其应力、断裂伸长率、断裂能分别为0.21 MPa、117.1%、15.5 J/m。动物实验结果表明该复合水凝胶可有效促进大鼠创面愈合,有望用作伤口敷料。     

聚对二氧环己酮/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶的制备及性能

在聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶的网络中引入完全生物降解的聚对二氧环己酮(PPDO),采用冻融法制备出生物降解周期可控的PPDO/PVA复合水凝胶。通过调整低分子量PPDO与高分子量PVA之间的比例,使PPDO柔性分子链与PVA分子链之间形成聚合物网络互穿结构,实现改善水凝胶力学性能和生物降解性能的目的。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜和万能试验机对水凝胶进行了结构表征和性能测试;并通过溶胀性能及失水性能测试、降解性能测试和抑菌性测试对水凝胶进行了研究。结果表明,PPDO/PVA复合水凝胶呈现出孔隙均匀的三维网络结构,拉伸强度和压缩强度与纯PVA水凝胶相比提高了1～3倍;在37℃的PBS缓冲溶液中降解,降解速率明显提升,35 d可以降解45%,且在伤口愈合的周期内保持优异的力学强度。平板细菌培养实验证明了复合水凝胶具有抑菌的特性。PPDO/PVA复合水凝胶在伤口敷料领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

木质纳米纤维素增强聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶的制备及性能研究

以自制含木质素纳米纤维素纤丝(LCNFs)为增强相，聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基体，通过一次冻融制备LCNFs/PVA复合水凝胶。研究LCNFs添加量对复合水凝胶微观结构及含水量、吸水溶胀率、抗压缩性能的影响，以及载药复合水凝胶的药物释放模型及抑菌效果。结果表明，复合水凝胶呈多孔网络结构；其含水量及溶胀率随LCNFs添加量的增加而降低，抗压缩性能LCNFs随添加量的增加而增加。载药水凝胶药物释放模型符合Korsmeyer-Peppas模型，药物释放率可达95%以上，且对测试细菌有良好的抑制作用，在伤口创面敷料等领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/CMK-8复合水凝胶的制备及其对双酚A的吸附性能研究

通过一锅合成法制备了CMK-8粉末，将其与适量的壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇复合制备了壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/CMK-8复合水凝胶。对其进行扫描电镜(SEM)表征并考察了温度、pH、水凝胶量等因素对该复合水凝胶对双酚A的吸附影响。结果表明：该复合水凝胶表面光滑，内部具有紧密的网络结构，对双酚A具有较大的吸附量。在35.0℃、pH为8.0、水凝胶量为1.0g/L时，该复合水凝胶对双酚A的吸附量达到最大，最大吸附量可以达到75.7mg/g。该复合水凝胶的制作工艺较简单且对双酚A吸附量也很可观，为复合水凝胶在污染物吸附的应用提供了重要的参考价值。     

医用聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠/氧化石墨烯水凝胶的制备及性能

采用冷冻-解冻方法制备了物理交联的医用聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠/氧化石墨烯复合水凝胶,并采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热失重等对复合水凝胶进行表征,研究了氧化石墨烯含量对复合水凝胶的结构及性能的影响。结果表明,复合水凝胶呈现三维多孔的网络结构;氧化石墨烯、海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇之间存在强烈的氢键作用,随着氧化石墨烯含量的增加,复合水凝胶的力学性能增强,热稳定性和凝胶率也得到提高;氧化石墨烯与海藻酸钠具有协同作用促进细胞增殖,复合水凝胶具有优异的生物相容性。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇/明胶复合水凝胶的结构与性能研究

用溶液共混法制备了纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇/明胶三元复合水凝胶材料.测定了材料的含水率,采用TEM、SEM、EDAX、IR、XRD和燃烧实验对材料的结构进行了表征和分析,并研究了材料的吸水性.结果表明,制备的复合水凝胶组成均一,各组份间存在相互作用,并且具有好的吸水和保水性能.本研究制备的纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇/明胶复合水凝胶可望作为一种人工软骨材料.     

PVA/β-CD复合水凝胶的制备和性能研究

采用溶液共混法将β-环糊精（β-CD）添加到聚乙烯醇（PVA）中,然后通过冷冻-解冻法制备了PVA和β-CD复合水凝胶。通过核磁共振、红外、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、热重分析对材料的结构与性能进行表征,并研究了材料的亲疏水性及其细胞相容性。结果表明PVA和β-CD可用于制备新型PVA/β-CD复合水凝胶。通过改变β-CD的添加量可调节复合水凝胶的亲疏水性。初步体外细胞实验表明该复合水凝胶无细胞毒性。PVP/β-CD复合水凝胶是一种有发展前景的生物材料。     

水性聚氨酯对聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠水凝胶结构与性能的影响

以聚乙烯醇(PVA),海藻酸钠(SA)和水性聚氨酯(WPU)为原料,采用冷冻解冻法制备含水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠水凝胶,并探究WPU的用量对聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠水凝胶结构与性能的影响。通过各种实验方法对WPU的合成进程,凝胶的形成,以及凝胶的微观结构,凝胶的溶胀性能、凝胶分数、愈合性能及力学性能进行观察和表征。结果表明,随着WPU含量的增多,凝胶内部微孔体积增大,且数量增多;当凝胶中WPU含量为25wt%时,凝胶拥有较好的微孔结构并获得1000%的吸水溶胀率;WPU的用量对复合水凝胶的凝胶分数、自愈合性能和力学性能也存在较大的影响。     

不同条件对PVA/CS复合水凝胶溶胀性能的影响

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、壳聚糖(CS)为原料,戊二醛为交联剂,制备出PVA/CS复合水凝胶载体材料,改变PVA/CS的质量配比、交联剂含量、pH值和温度,考察了不同条件下对复合水凝胶溶胀性能的影响.结果表明,当PVA/CS质量比为3:1、交联剂体积分数为4%时所合成凝胶的溶胀性能较好;随着温度的升高,溶胀度不断减小;凝胶在酸性条件的溶胀性能远远优于碱性条件的溶胀性能.     

新型PVA/CS/SA复合水凝胶的制备与性能

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、壳聚糖(CS)、海藻酸钠(SA)等天然物料制备PVA/CS/SA复合水凝胶。通过实验推断出不同质量比、不同剂量的交联剂、不同pH、不同反应温度对复合凝胶的作用,结果表明当PVA∶CS∶SA为8∶4∶1时,水凝胶的品貌最优,综合性能达到最佳。红外分析表明,PVA与CS以及SA之间形成了较强的氢键;DSC分析结果表明,PVA/CS/SA复合膜的热稳定性比壳聚糖膜更强。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...