储氢材料67Mg29C3Ni1Al的放氢动力学研究

采用氢气反应球磨法,将煤基微晶碳及少量Ni和Al添加到镁粉中在1MPa氢气中球磨3h制得储氢材料67Mg29C3Ni1Al.放氢测试结果表明,温度越高,放氢速度越快,放氢量越大,数据拟舍得出放氢反应为表观一级反应.根据阿伦尼乌斯方程计算得出,在300～350℃范围内,放氢反应表观活化能为(138.0±6)kJ/mol.与储氢材料70Mg30C及纯MgH2相比,微晶碳和催化剂Ni、Al缩短了储氢材料的放氢时间,加快了放氢速度,提高了放氢量,降低了表观活化能,放氢动力学性能得到了改善.     

攀枝花产海绵钛氢化脱氢动力学

通过压力组成等温曲线测试仪(PCT)测试了工业海绵钛在400~600℃温度下的吸放氢特性。应用反应速率分析方法计算了实验温度下的反应速率常数,并通过阿伦尼乌斯方程计算出实验条件下海绵钛吸放氢表观活化能。经过完全活化后,海绵钛吸氢表观活化能为(34.42±0.02)kJ/mol,氢化钛粉的脱氢表观活化能为(29.93±0.01)kJ/mol。这个结果表明,氢原子在金属相间的扩散速率是控制海绵钛氢化与脱氢反应的主要因素。     

浸渍酚醛树脂/层状硅酸盐固化活化能的研究

通过DSC方法探讨了层状硅酸盐对低分子量酚醛树脂固化活化能的影响,研究了不同升温速率下浸渍酚醛树脂/层状硅酸盐的固化行为.用Kissinger和Ozawa方法进行DSC数据处理,获得固化活化能.结果表明,层状硅酸盐的加入,提高了酚醛树脂的活化能,用Kissinger方法计算得到的活化能从8.23kJ/mol变化到10.43kJ/tool,用Ozawa方法计算得到的活化能从10.52kJ/mol变化到12.30kJ/mol,两种处理数据方法的理论虽然存在差异,但活化能的变化趋势相互一致,表明层状硅酸盐的加入对酚醛树脂固化有阻碍作用.     

碳助磨制备纳米镁铝储氢合金的结构及储氢性能研究

以改性无烟煤为助磨剂,在氢气气氛下球磨制备了具有纳米结构的镁铝合金储氢材料,通过SEM,XRD,TPD等手段对比研究了球磨吸氢材料及静态再吸氢材料的晶相结构及放氢动力学性能.结果表明:改性无烟煤具有良好的助磨作用,经5.5h球磨,材料平均粒度可达74nm;镁铝合金经反应球磨后,其中的Mg转化成了β-MgH2和γ-MgH2,放氢峰温低于300℃;静态再吸氢后,MgH2全部以β-MgH2存在,且晶体粒度增长60％,Mg17Al12分解为单质Mg和Al,其中单质Al使储氢材料放氢活化能降低,用Kissinger方程计算出球磨储氢和再吸氢材料的放氢一级表观活化能分别为107.3kJ/mol和67.1kJ/mol.     

氯磺化聚乙烯的降解动力学

通过热重分析仪研究了不同氯硫含量的氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)在不同升温速率下的热分解行为。采用Ozawa及Kissinger方程研究了氯磺化聚乙烯的降解动力学,研究发现CSM的热降解过程包括两个主要失重平台,而且氯磺化聚乙烯的热分解反应不是一级反应。Ozawa方程计算的活化能随着产物中氯硫含量的增加从304.661kJ/mol下降到292.573kJ/mol。Kissinger方程计算的活化能分别为282.785kJ/mol和274.176kJ/mol。ln(β/Tm2)对1/Tm作图得一直线,证明氯磺化聚乙烯的热分解符合无规分解模型。     

乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)的热降解动力学分析

采用热分析技术(TG/DTG)研究了乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)的热降解性能,利用Friedman法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法对其数据进行了分析,计算出了不同条件下的活化能和反应级数n。结果表明:整个ETFE树脂的降解温度范围大约在400~525℃内,Friedman法模拟得到的平均活化能为226.41kJ/mol,而Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法模拟得到的平均活化能为278.90kJ/mol,利用Friedman法求得在一定升温速率下的平均活化能为203.58kJ/mol,平均反应级数n为1.09。     

尼龙-64的非等温结晶动力学研究

用差示量热扫描热分析仪(DSC)对在超临界CO2下聚合制备的尼龙-64样品进行了非等温结晶研究.用Jeziomy法和莫志深法对Avrami修正的方程进行了非等温结晶动力学处理,计算并得到了相关非等温结晶动力学参数.Jeziomy法处理的结果表明,尼龙-64样品的非等温结晶过程包括2个阶段,在主期结晶阶段,当冷却速率低于10℃/min时,Avrami指教n为3.59～4.12,表明主要是均相成核和晶粒三维增长;当冷却速率高于10℃/min时,晶粒的增长维度受阻;在次期结晶阶段,晶粒主要是一维增长.用莫志深法得到的a值为1.26～1.33,F(T)为6.35～13.02.此外,用Kissinger方法和Takhor方法求得尼龙-64样品的非等温结晶活化能分别为-192.05kJ/mol和-172.61kJ/mol.     

苯并噁嗪-酚醛-环氧豆油三元聚合体系的热分解行为研究

通过热重分析法研究了苯并噁嗪-酚醛-环氧豆油(BA-NP-ESO)三元聚合体系在不同升温速率下的热分解动力学。利用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法求取了三元聚合体系热分解过程的表观活化能,当分解率在0.3～0.9范围内时,反应属于同一机理,两种方法求得的活化能分别为241.1kJ/mol和253.7kJ/mol。运用Coats-Redfern法和Achar法对非等温动力学数据进行分析,得到热分解反应的机理函数,其热分解反应为四级反应,符合随机成核和随后生长机理,两种方法求得的表观活化能分别为250.21kJ/mol和266.96kJ/mol,与KAS和FWO法的结果较为一致。     

Mg22 Y2Ni10 Cu2储氢合金的放氢性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用中频感应炉冶炼了添加少量Y和Cu的Mg 2Ni型储氢合金,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、透射电子显微镜对合金不同状态下的物相结构与显微组织进行测试,借助基于Sieverts法的吸放氢设备和差示扫描量热仪测试合金的放氢性能,研究合金在等温与连续加热条件下的放氢过程和放氢活化能,并讨论相应的放氢机制。结果表明:铸态合金呈片层状组织,其主相为Mg 2Ni,YMgNi 4,并含有少量Mg;在前6次放氢中,每次达到90%最大放氢量所用时间分别为446,418,360,354,342 s和336 s;对等温放氢曲线拟合的结果表明:合金脱氢过程是以随机成核和随后生长的机制完成;等温放氢时的活化能E a=67.6 kJ/mol,而连续升温时的放氢活化能E a=69.5 kJ/mol;同时发现,505 K和512 K为Mg 2NiH 4相的晶型转变点,且Mg 2NiH 4比MgH 2先行放氢。     

纳米CuO催化剂晶粒尺寸对Mg_2Ni基复合材料储氢性能的影响

利用沉淀法制备纳米CuO,通过不同煅烧温度控制其晶粒尺寸。XRD测试表明,所得样品为CuO单相结构,晶粒尺寸分别为7.5,14.4nm和23.4nm。利用球磨法制备Mg_2Ni-Ni-5%(摩尔分数,下同)CuO复合材料,对材料的电化学性能、动力学性能及气态放氢活化能进行测试分析。结果表明,添加纳米CuO可明显提高材料的最大放电性能,改善Mg基复合材料电极表面的电催化活性,提高材料体相内H的扩散能力。DSC测试表明,纳米CuO复合材料比无催化剂材料的放氢温度降低约50K。通过Kissinger公式计算得到Mg_2Ni-Ni和Mg_2Ni-Ni-5%CuO600复合材料的放氢活化能分别为86.9kJ/mol和89.3kJ/mol。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.