Mg(OH)_2、Al(OH)_3的阻燃机理与性能研究

氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁是两种常用的无机阻燃材料。本文通过对氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的热分析,研究了这两种材料的阻燃特性及机理,为阻燃材料进一步改良提供了一定的理论依据。     

构晶离子供体对Mg(OH)_2形貌的控制影响研究

氢氧化镁因其奇特的物理化学性质和力学性能在阻燃材料、环保、医疗和纳米材料合成等领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文采用离子交换树脂模板法制备超细氢氧化镁,通过对产品的SEM分析,重点考察了离子交换树脂法中不同条件对产品形貌的影响。结果表明:离子交换树脂模板法制备的氢氧化镁其形貌规则,均一性和分散性较好。     

Mg(OH)_2-PMMA复合粒子的制备及表征EI北大核心

为了减小纳米氢氧化镁较严重的团聚问题,通过在氢氧化镁表面接枝大分子聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)来制备氢氧化镁/PMMA纳米复合粒子,以提高纳米复合粒子在有机相中的相容性和分散性。首先,通过油酸对氢氧化镁进行表面修饰,在其表面引入双键烯烃基团,然后以丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂,通过分散聚合的方法在修饰过的氢氧化镁表面接枝有机大分子PMMA。通过XRD、FT-IR、TGA、FESEM、EDS和沉降实验对所得Mg(OH)2/PMMA纳米复合粒子进行了测试表征,结果表明:有机大分子PM-MA成功地接枝在了油酸修饰后的Mg(OH)2表面上,纳米复合粒子在有机相中的分散性和相容性都得到了很大的提高。     

构品离子供体对Mg(OH)2形貌的控制影响研究

氢氧化镁因其奇特的物理化学性质和力学性能在阻燃材料、环保、医疗和纳米材料合成等领域有着广泛的应用前景.本文采用离子交换树脂模板法制备超细氢氧化镁,通过对产品的SEM分析,重点考察了离子交换树脂法中不同条件对产品形貌的影响.结果表明:离子交换树脂模板法制备的氢氧化镁其形貌规则,均一性和分散性较好.     

Mastersizer 2000型激光粒度仪技术参数对粒度分布的影响

根据英国马尔文Mastersizer 2000型激光粒度仪的特点,探讨不同技术参数对样品粒度分布测试结果的影响。结果表明,影响样品粒度分布的主要参数为样品量(检测遮光度)、采集时间、循环速度、检测光源波长、反演光学模型及数学模型等;对于状态不明确的未知样品,应借助其他检测技术进行样品状态表征后,选择合理的光学模型和数学模型进行粒度测试。     

分散方式对苯基三呋咱氮氧化物粒度分布的影响

采用Beckon coulter LS230型激光粒度分析仪分析了不同分散方式对苯基三呋咱氮氧化物(BTF)粒度分布的影响。研究结果表明,不同的分散介质不仅影响测试结果的重复性,而且影响BTF的粒径和粒度分布,且不同浓度的分散剂对其分散效果不同。通过研究,改善了BTF的分散条件,提高了其粒度测试重复性和准确性。多次实验证明,以水为分散介质、5%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液为分散剂时,BTF粒度测试效果最好。     

纳米Mg(OH)_2包覆粉煤灰空心微珠复合粉体的制备及表征

为了解决粉煤灰空心微珠白度不高的问题,以粉煤灰空心微珠煅烧样为原料,以NaOH和MgSO_4为包覆剂,采用非均匀形核法制备了一种纳米Mg(OH)_2包覆粉煤灰空心微珠复合粉体材料;采用白度仪、粒度仪、比表面积仪、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合粉体进行表征;研究不同工艺条件对复合粉体白度的影响。结果表明:当包覆量(Mg(OH)_2与粉煤灰空心微珠质量之比)为50%,包覆剂双加,反应温度为80℃时,空心微珠白度由27.1%提高至51.2%,粒径D98由60.81μm增大至66.72μm,比表面积由4.512 m~2/g增大到31.697 m~2/g。XRD、SEM测试结果表明:空心微珠表面包覆了纳米片状Mg(OH)_2。该复合粉体有望应用在塑料填料和污水处理领域。     

海泡石原位生长纳米结构Mg(OH)_2及MAP结晶法同步回收废水中的氮磷

采用水热法在海泡石纤维表面原位沉积纳米结构Mg(OH)_2(MSEP),以其为吸附剂同步回收废水中的氮磷;考察吸附剂投加量、溶液初始pH值、反应时间等对回收过程的影响;采用SEM、TEM、XRD、SEM-EDS、FTIR等手段对回收沉泥的理化特征进行表征。结果表明,当MSEP添加量为1. 0g/L、反应时间为40min、溶液初始pH值为7.5时,样品对氨氮、磷酸盐的平衡吸附量分别达62. 52、115. 68mg/g;MSEP对废水中氮磷的回收过程符合准二级动力学模型(R~2> 0.99);沉泥理化表征证明MSEP对废水中氮磷的主要回收机制为磷酸铵镁结晶法。     

激光粒度仪测定煤粉粒度及分布的方法研究

采用激光粒度分析仪对具有粘附特性的3种煤粉的粒度及其粒度分布的测试方法进行了研究,以获得最佳测试效果;分别研究样品浓度、吸收率和折射率、表面活性剂、进样器泵转速以及超声时间等因素对煤粉粒度测量结果的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂和进样器泵转速对煤粉的测定结果影响较大,泵转速为1 800~2 600 r/min,加入约3 mL无水乙醇作表面活性剂时测量结果重复性好,数据比较准确。     

水泥粒度分布对水泥性能影响的研究进展

从两个方面总结了水泥粒度分布对水泥性能影响的研究进展,一方面总结了反映水泥颗粒群整体情况的特征参数比表面积S、特征粒径x′和均匀性指数n对水泥性能的影响;另一方面总结了不同粒径区间水泥颗粒的性能。介绍了描述水泥粒度分布的RRB方程和Fuller曲线,综述了理论上粒度分布对水泥性能的影响情况,认为水泥的粒度分布是与其性能有明确定量关系的细度参数,是水泥粉磨细度控制的最终目标。     

pH值对氢氧化镁晶体生长的影响

以氯化镁(分析纯)为原料,反向滴加到氨水中制备普通氢氧化镁,然后在200℃反应釜中对普通氢氧化镁进行水热改性.通过扫描电镜(SEM),X射线多晶衍射仪(XRD),全自动氮物理吸附仪(BET)和激光粒度仪等对样品进行表征分析,得到不同pH条件下晶体生长情况和产品收率.结果表明,常温沉淀过程中pH值为10.0时,产品收率高,粒径分布均匀,分散性好.并且分析了pH值对氢氧化镁晶体生长作用机理.     

Mg(OH)2-Al(OH)3-微胶囊红磷/高抗冲聚苯乙烯无卤阻燃复合材料

以氢氧化镁(MH)、氢氧化铝(ATH)和微胶囊红磷(MRP)为无卤阻燃剂,高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)树脂为聚合物基体,通过熔融共混法制备了一系列不同组成的MH-ATH-MRP/HIPS复合材料.采用水平燃烧、垂直燃烧、氧指数、锥形量热分析、高温热分解实验等方法研究了复合材料的阻燃性能.结果表明,阻燃剂用量相同时,在HIPS基体中同时引入MH和ATH得到的复合材料比单独加入MH或ATH得到的复合材料具有更好的阻燃性能.当MH-ATH/HIPS的质量比为70∶30∶100时,复合材料的水平燃烧级别达到FH-1级,氧指数为25.2％,但垂直燃烧无级别.在上述体系中加入极少量的MRP(占复合材料的质量分数为2.9％)就可使复合材料的火灾性能指数(FPI)提高85％,燃烧过程中热量释放和质量损失更慢、成炭能力明显增强,垂直燃烧级别达到FV-0级.当MH-ATH-MRP/HIPS的质量比为21∶9∶12∶100时,复合材料的各项阻燃性能达到最佳,可以大幅度减少阻燃剂的用量.MH、ATH和MRP对HIPS具有非常显著的协同阻燃作用.同时加入MH和ATH时不仅可以在更宽的温度范围内抑制HIPS的升温和分解,而且能够在更宽的温度范围内相继释放出水蒸气稀释氧气和可燃气体的浓度,从而起到协同阻燃作用.加入MRP后复合材料的成炭能力大大增强,进一步改善了凝聚相阻燃的效果,因此阻燃性能显著提高.     

Effect of particle size distribution on flowability of granulated lactose

The flowability of powders used in tableting significantly affects tablet weight and content uniformity of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Use of granulated materials instead of powdered materials can improve flowability. In this study, the effect of particle size distribution on flowability of granulated lactose was quantitatively analyzed. Three types of granulated lactose were classified into progressively narrower size fractions, and nine samples were systematically prepared. The mass median diameters were nearly constant (i.e., 130.5 ± 13.5 μm) and the geometric standard deviations ranged from 1.29 to 2.04. Two flow properties (angle of repose and compressibility) were measured. The correlations between flow properties and the particle size distributions were analyzed, and the coefficients of determination were obtained for different particle diameters and cumulative mass fractions. The optimal conditions to maximize the coefficients of determination were defined. Furthermore, static and dynamic friction properties were evaluated, and their correlations with particle size distribution were calculated.     

Mg(OH)2-Al(OH)3-微胶囊红磷/高抗冲聚苯乙烯无卤阻燃复合材料

以氢氧化镁(MH)、氢氧化铝(ATH) 和微胶囊红磷(MRP) 为无卤阻燃剂, 高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS) 树脂为聚合物基体, 通过熔融共混法制备了一系列不同组成的MH-ATH-MRP/HIPS复合材料。采用水平燃烧、垂直燃烧、氧指数、锥形量热分析、高温热分解实验等方法研究了复合材料的阻燃性能。结果表明, 阻燃剂用量相同时, 在HIPS基体中同时引入MH和ATH得到的复合材料比单独加入MH或ATH得到的复合材料具有更好的阻燃性能。当MH-ATH/HIPS的质量比为70:30:100时, 复合材料的水平燃烧级别达到FH-1级, 氧指数为25.2%, 但垂直燃烧无级别。在上述体系中加入极少量的MRP(占复合材料的质量分数为2.9%)就可使复合材料的火灾性能指数(FPI) 提高85%, 燃烧过程中热量释放和质量损失更慢、成炭能力明显增强, 垂直燃烧级别达到FV-0级。当MH-ATH-MRP/HIPS的质量比为21:9:12:100时, 复合材料的各项阻燃性能达到最佳, 可以大幅度减少阻燃剂的用量。MH、ATH和MRP对HIPS具有非常显著的协同阻燃作用。同时加入MH和ATH时不仅可以在更宽的温度范围内抑制HIPS的升温和分解, 而且能够在更宽的温度范围内相继释放出水蒸气稀释氧气和可燃气体的浓度, 从而起到协同阻燃作用。加入MRP后复合材料的成炭能力大大增强, 进一步改善了凝聚相阻燃的效果, 因此阻燃性能显著提高。     

电子束辐照对HDPE及其与Mg(OH)_2共混体系力学性能影响的研究

研究了高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）经电子束辐照后性能的变化，与Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２的相容性，以及ＨＤＰＥ／Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２共混体系的力学性能。实验结果表明，经电子束辐照后，ＨＤＰＥ分子被引入了极性基团（羰基），增加了ＨＤＰＥ与Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２的相容性，使ＨＤＰＥ／Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２体系的拉伸强度得到提高。     

Effect of particle size distribution on green properties during high velocity compaction

Iron powders with two different particle size distributions were compacted by high velocity compaction. The influences of particle size distribution and impact velocity on green properties, including green density, springback, tensile strength and bending strength etc., were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a computer controlled universal testing machine. The results show that the particle size distribution and the impact velocity strongly affect its properties. Wider size distribution results in green compact with higher density and better strength. Furthermore, springback of compacts is lower produced by the powder with wider size distribution, especially for radial springback. As impact velocity increases, its green density and green strength gradually increases, but the increasing rate of density decreases gradually. No special relation is found between springback and impact velocity. In addition, the axial springback and the bending strength are higher than the radial springback and the tensile strength, respectively.     

Influence of controlled particle size on pore size distribution and mechanical resistance of agarose beads for bioadsorption application

ABSTRACT

In this work the influence of fabrication conditions (ion strength, surfactant utilization) on the macro- (particle size distribution, PSD) and microscopic [pore size distribution (PoSD), specific surface area] structure of agarose beads was investigated. The main purpose was achieving uniform sized and porous beads with improved mechanical strength for bioseparation and chromatography applications. Therefore, PSD, PoSD, mechanical resistance, and flux through packed bed of the fabricated beads (4, 6, and 8% wt/wt) were analyzed. Based on porosimetry results, it was found that increasing ion concentration or presence of surfactant (the key variable for narrowing PSD) decreases the span value of PSD (p-value <0.05); thus, leading to a more uniform distribution. Moreover, as a result of controlling PSD, the PoSD changes from micro- to meso- and macropores in higher ion charged solutions. Furthermore, the obtained PoSD affects mechanical resistance of the prepared microspheres either as single beads or packed in a column. Mesoporous 6%-agarose beads showed the highest flux due to elevated mechanical resistance and elastic characteristic. Mesoporous 4%-beads showed the highest elasticity, and thus lower flux through column. These results demonstrate that manipulation of both macro- and microscopic characteristics of the beads should be commensurate with the intended application i.e., bioadsorption chromatography.     

Effect of particle size distribution on pile tip resistance in calcareous sand in the geotechnical centrifuge

Until recently, the micro mechanical origins of soil behaviour have remained illusive, but it is now known that that the constitutive behaviour of a soil is largely determined by its particle size distribution. This paper examines the specific boundary problem associated with the penetration of a model pile into two different gradings of dry calcareous sand in a geotechnical centrifuge, in order to establish the effect of the inclusion of fine particles on the pile end bearing resistance. The first grading of sand comprised particles smaller than 0.5 mm; the second grading contained particles of nominal size d such that 0.15 mm < d < 0.5 mm. Each test was performed on each of two samples of each grading. Tip resistance was observed to rise to a peak at shallow depths, and then fall; a micro mechanical explanation is presented for this instability. Following the centrifuge tests, particles were retrieved from the centres of the soil samples, where the pile had previously been driven, for subsequent particle size analysis. It was found that insignificant crushing had occurred in the sand retrieved from depths less than the depth of peak resistance, but that significant crushing had occurred in the sand retrieved from greater depths. The peak in tip resistance was a factor of two larger for the well-graded sand, but the ultimate tip resistance at greater depths was found to be approximately independent of the initial particle size distribution for all four tests. A micro mechanical explanation is also proposed for this observation. Received: 11 November 1999     

高分子量PAN的粒径分布与均匀度关系的考察

对高性能碳纤维原丝性能有重要影响的聚合物粒径均匀度问题目前尚未有人研究过。本研究率先采用沉淀聚合合成高分子量PAN,根据其微观形貌,应用第四统计力学群子统计参数理论研究了聚合物的粒径分布与粒径均匀度的关系,表明粒径均匀度与混合溶剂无关,而与混合溶剂的配比有关,DMSO含量越少,粒径分布越均匀。     

Corrosion resistance and hydrophobicity of myristic acid modified Mg--Al LDH/Mg(OH)2 steam coating on magnesium alloy AZ31

A hydrophobic surface was successfully fabricated on the Mg–Al-layered double hydroxide (Mg–Al LDH)/Mg(OH)₂-coated AZ31 magnesium alloy via an in-situ steam coating (SC) process and a subsequent surface modification with environment-friendly myristic acid (MA). The microstructure, composition and hydrophobicity of SC/MA composite coating were investigated by XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR, and contact angle (CA) measurement. The corrosion behavior of the hybrid coating was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, EIS and hydrogen evolution test in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The results showed that the LDH coating had nano-flake microstructure, which remained unchanged after modification with MA. The CA of the MA-modified coating surface reached up to 129°±3.5°, and the corrosion current density of SC/MA-2 coating decreased about three orders of the magnitude compared to that of the substrate. It is proven that the modified surface has an effective anti-corrosion effect on AZ31 alloy. The formation mechanism and the corrosion mechanism of the coating were also discussed.