晶粒尺寸对氧化钒薄膜电学与光学相变特性的影响

采用直流对靶磁控溅射方法制备氧化钒薄膜,通过改变热处理温度获得了具有不同晶粒尺寸的相变特性氧化钒薄膜,对氧化钒薄膜相变过程中电阻和红外光透射率随温度的突变性能进行研究.结果表明:经300℃和360℃热处理后,薄膜内二氧化钒原子分数达到40%,氧化钒薄膜具有绝缘体-金属相变特性,薄膜的晶粒尺寸分别为50nm和100nm;...     

溶胶凝胶法制备掺铅钛酸钡纳米晶及其结构相变

采用溶胶－凝胶工艺制备了不同晶粒大小的、掺铅（５ｍｏｌ％）钛酸钡（ＢＰＴ）纳米晶．用ＴＥＭ、ＸＲＤ和ＤＳＣ研究了ＢＰＴ样品的晶粒大小、结构及其相变特性．结果表明,纳米晶ＢＰＴ随着晶粒尺寸的减小,由铁电四方相向顺电立方相过度,并且相变变得弥散．其顺电－铁电相变随着晶粒尺寸的减小而消失．另一方面,随着晶粒尺寸的增加,其铁电四方－铁电正交相交消失,即抑制了其正交相的形成．     

SrCO3掺杂对PMN-PMnN-PZT-Ce压电陶瓷储能及介电弛豫性能的影响

通过铌铁矿先驱法制备了Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-Pb(Mn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-PbZrO_3-PbTiO_3+0.3%CeO_2(质量分数)+xSrCO_3(PMN-PMnN-PZT-Ce-xSr,x=0.00,0.03,0.05,0.07)四元系压电陶瓷,研究了SrCO_3含量的变化对Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-Pb(Mn_(1/3)-Nb_(2/3))O_3-PbZrO_3-PbTiO_3+0.3%CeO_2(质量分数)(PMN-PMnN-PZT-Ce)压电陶瓷相结构、储能密度以及弛豫行为的影响。通过XRD表明,样品为单一稳定的钙钛矿结构,并且存在准同晶界(MPB);当x=0.07时,在外加电场60kV/cm下取得较好的储能性能:储能密度W1=0.31J/cm~3,储能效率η=0.47;通过修正Curie-Weise定律,较好地描述了陶瓷弥散相变的特征,弥散相变系数γ随着Sr~(2+)掺杂量的增加而增加。当x=0.07时,γ取得最大值1.972 8,此时弛豫现象最明显。     

Biodegradation mechanisms of selective laser-melted Mg–xAl–Zn alloy: grain size and intermetallic phase

Grain size and intermetallic phase were two key factors affecting the biodegradation behaviour of Mg alloys. In the paper, different grain size and intermetallic phase volume fraction were obtained by introducing Al into Mg–Zn alloy via selective laser melting. Results showed that the grain size refined while the intermetallic phase volume fraction increased with Al increasing. As Al was less than 3?wt.%, the grain refinement was the major factor affecting the degradation behaviour. The finer grain would create many grain boundaries, making the alloy passivate readily and resulted in a reduced degradation rate. However, with Al further increasing, the intermetallic phase became the main factor influencing the degradation behaviour though grain size was further refined. The large intermetallic phase volume fraction caused severe galvanic corrosion, accelerating the degradation. This work may provide guidance for balancing grain size and intermetallic phase on degradation behaviour of Mg alloys.     

Improvement of mechanical properties of cast pure titanium by repeated heat treatment

ABSTRACT

Pure titanium components fabricated by casting have a coarse grain microstructure. To improve the mechanical strength of pure titanium components by refining the grain size, the cast samples were repeatedly heat-treated. During the heat treatment, the titanium samples were repeatedly heated above the alpha-to-beta (α–β) transition temperature and cooled to room temperature to undergo phase transformation. The heating cycle was performed 1, 3, 5, and 7 times. As the number of heating cycles increased, the grain size decreased. The tensile strength was 267.9?MPa in the as-cast sample and improved to 343.4?MPa after 7 heat-treatment cycles owing to the grain size refinement, while the elongation was maintained during the heat treatment.

This paper is part of a thematic issue on Titanium.     

混合合金法添加DyH_x对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体性能和微观结构的影响

以Nd31.5FebalB6.0Co1.2Cu0.04(质量分数,%)为母合金,添加不同含量DyHx粉研究Dy对Nd-Fe-B磁体性能和微观结构的影响。研究发现,Dy未扩散到主相晶粒中,主要分布在晶界相中;Dy使磁体晶粒得到细化、均匀化,异常长大晶粒基本消失,晶粒边界结构得到改善;添加0.5%(质量分数)的DyHx粉可以明显提高磁体矫顽力Hcj,但添加量超过1.0%(质量分数),磁体矫顽力Hcj增幅变小,磁体密度严重下降。     

残余相和烧结温度对碳化硅陶瓷抗混酸腐蚀特性的影响

本工作主要研究了残余相和晶粒尺寸对碳化硅的抗混酸(HF-HNO₃)腐蚀特性。通过不同的烧结方法(固相烧结、液相烧结、反应烧结)制备出残余相不同的碳化硅材料。结果表明: 与液相烧结碳化硅(LPS SiC)和反应烧结碳化硅(RB SiC)相比, 固相烧结碳化硅(SSiC)具有更好的腐蚀抗性, 这是由于残余相石墨的抗腐蚀性强, 以及残余相在材料中形成不能相互联通的岛状结构。通过调节碳化硅的烧结温度, 可以影响材料中的晶粒尺寸, 研究结果发现相同烧结温度下随着残余相含量的增加, 材料腐蚀失重线性增加, 对曲线进行线性拟合, 其Y轴截距的绝对值代表不含碳的试样在该烧结温度下的腐蚀失重。研究表明随着烧结温度由2100℃升高到2160℃, 晶粒尺寸由2 μm增加到6 μm。此时其Y轴截距的绝对值分别为9.22(2100℃), 5.81(2130℃), 0.29(2160℃), 表明晶粒尺寸的增加有利于提高材料的抗腐蚀能力。     

一类具有高光学透明、高可溶聚酰亚胺薄膜的合成与表征

以2,6-二甲基苯胺和苯甲醛为原料,经一步合成反应,制得了一种高纯二胺单体α,α-(3,5-二甲基-4-氨基)苯基甲烷(BADP),将其与4种商品化芳香二酐缩聚,制得了一系列主链含3,3',5,5'-四甲基和甲苯基结构的聚酰亚胺,特性黏度在0.57～0.84dL/g之间.该聚酰亚胺表现出优异的溶解性能和光学性能:室温下不仅可以溶于高沸点的NMP、DMAc、DMF和m-Cresol等溶剂中,还能溶于低沸点的CHCl3、CH2Cl2等溶剂中,而且大部分聚合物在这类溶剂中的溶解度可达10％(质量分数)以上;所制得的聚酰亚胺薄膜颜色浅、透明性高,截断波长在341～365nm之间,500nm处的透过率均     

泥沙颗粒级配曲线与有关特征值关系分析

为解决泥沙颗粒分析工作中出现的没有按照级配曲线的适用性来表达和计算有关特征值给成果质量产生的影响,通过理论分析和研究,论述了不同种泥沙颗粒级配曲线的适用性与有关特征值之间的关系,同时还介绍了一种新的泥沙颗粒级配曲线绘制方法。泥沙颗粒级配曲线的绘制有多种方法,每种级配曲线有其特点和严格的适用性;国家分析室应选择半对数坐标系级配曲线;分组法计算泥沙样品各组平均粒径,应采用每组上下限与其几何均值的和的加权平均值。     

纳米复合永磁体的成分、晶粒尺寸与各向异性

以Nd2Fe14B/α—Fe为例,研究了晶粒之间交换耦合相互作用对纳米复合永磁体有效各向异性的影响。纳米复合永磁体的有效各向异性常数可用软—软、硬—硬、软—硬三种不同晶粒界面对应有效各向异性常数的统计平均值表示。计算结果表明：材料的有效各向异性常数Keff随软磁性相成分的增加而降低;在相成分比例一定的条件下,随软、硬磁性相晶粒尺寸比值的增加而增加。     

焊接热循环对钛微合金中第二相粒子的影响

利用萃取复型及金属薄膜电子显微技术对Ｔｉ微合金风及其热影响区中的第二相粒子进行了分析。结果表明,含Ｔｉ微合金钢及其热影响区中主要为ＴｉＮ,此外还有少量ＡｌＮ等。经热循环后,粒子的尺寸明显增大、数量减少。与Ｔｉ,Ｎ一比（Ｔｉ／Ｎ）较高的钢相比,Ｔｉ／Ｎ较低的钢中ＴｉＮ粒子数量较多尺寸较小,且热循环过程中ＴｉＮ粒子的溶解及粗化程度减小,对原始奥氏体晶粒长大的阻碍作用较大。     

两探测面结构激光粒度仪的接收光路设计

为了扩大激光粒度仪测量的动态范围,采用同轴的两组接收透镜,将两个硅光电探测器阵列分别置于前组透镜的后焦面和两组透镜的组合后焦面上,对测量信号进行组合后用改进共轭梯度法处理数据。通过优化光路结构,采用两组双胶合透镜和探测环半径均不大于45mm的探测器可满足同时测量5～3500μm粒径的要求。     

喷射-沉淀法合成纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体及表征

采用喷射-沉淀法成功地制备了纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体粉料。通过XRD、TG．DSC、SEM、TEM和BET等测试手段分析了其微观结构和形貌．结果表明：沉淀剂种类和溶液pH值对喷射．共沉淀法制备Ni-zn铁氧体纳米粉的物相和结构有着显著影响。采用NaOH溶液为沉淀剂，pH值范围为7．0～7．5，可以获得颗粒细小均匀、形状完整的纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体粉料。在600℃煅烧1．5h，样品晶粒尺寸为30nm左右，平均颗粒尺寸小于100nm。     

Nb、Cr和Mo对新型β/γ-TiAl合金组织与相变的影响

为了研究TiAl合金中β相稳定元素对显微组织及相变温度的影响,本文在Ti-43Al合金的基础上,通过单独与复合添加Nb、Cr、Mo 3种合金元素,获得了新型β/γ-TiAl合金,并系统研究了3种元素的作用规律.结果发现:Nb促使合金形成片层结构,Cr、Mo使合金分别形成近γ组织和针状魏氏组织;3种元素对β相的稳定能力为Mo>Nb>Cr;复合添加Nb、Cr、Mo元素对β相的稳定作用比单一添加更为显著;3种不同元素对α+β+γ三相区范围有显著影响,对α2+γ→α转变的共析温度(te)影响较大,而对γ→α的转变温度(tα)影响较小,Ti-43Al-4Nb-2Mo-0.2B合金的α+β+γ三相区最窄约为15℃,而Ti-43Al-6Nb-0.2B合金的α+β+γ三相区最宽约为95℃,Ti-43Al-4Nb-1Cr-1Mo-0.2B合金的α+β+γ三相区为55℃.     

Effects of crystallographic texture on ultrasonic wave velocities in steels

Abstract

Studies of ultrasonic wave velocities in commercial steel sheet products have been made and the results have been interpreted in terms of crystallographic textures measured by X-ray diffraction. Elasticity tensors were calculated as weighted averages of the Voigt and Reuss bounds using texture coefficients together with single crystal stiffness data, and these were then employed to predict the ultrasonic wave velocities. For guided bulk waves of types S_o and SH_o excellent agreement was obtained between measured and predicted values. The application of these types of measurements to process control in metallurgical annealing lines has been briefly discussed.     

Progress in engineering high strain lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Abstract

Environmental concerns are strongly driving the need to replace the lead-based piezoelectric materials currently employed as multilayer actuators. The current review describes both compositional and structural engineering approaches to achieve enhanced piezoelectric properties in lead-free materials. The review of the compositional engineering approach focuses on compositional tuning of the properties and phase behavior in three promising families of lead-free perovskite ferroelectrics: the titanate, alkaline niobate and bismuth perovskites and their solid solutions. The ‘structural engineering’ approaches focus instead on optimization of microstructural features including grain size, grain orientation or texture, ferroelectric domain size and electrical bias field as potential paths to induce large piezoelectric properties in lead-free piezoceramics. It is suggested that a combination of both compositional and novel structural engineering approaches will be required in order to realize viable lead-free alternatives to current lead-based materials for piezoelectric actuator applications.     

Microstructure studies on Ti4+- and Zr4+-substituted Li-Zn ferrites

XRD and microstructure studies were carried out on Ti⁴⁺ and Zr⁴⁺-substituted Li-Zn ferrites prepared by standard ceramic technique. All the ferrite compositions exhibit single phase formation. The lattice parametera increases linearly with the content of Zn²⁺Zr⁴⁺ and Zn²⁺Ti⁴⁺, which is attributed to the ionic volumes of the cations involved. With substitution by Zr⁴⁺ the average size decreases, while with substitution by Ti⁴⁺ the grain size increases. In both the series grain size varies with the composition. Excess substitution of Zr⁴⁺ (x>0·4) leads to the formation of secondary images and discontinuous grain growth. Both Zr⁴⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ compositions obey Kurtz theory.