银铜麦饭石基无机抗菌剂的制备

以麦饭石为载体,采用恒温振荡法制备了以硝酸银、硫酸铜为抗菌组分的无机抗菌剂。通过原子吸收光谱、X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜以及抑菌实验对所制抗菌剂的离子载负、物相组成、结构及抗菌性能进行了测定和分析。结果表明:麦饭石对银离子的最佳吸附浓度为0.6 mol/L,最佳吸附温度为70℃,最佳交换时间为7 h,最大吸附量为10.584μg/mL;麦饭石对铜离子的最佳吸附浓度为0.6 mol/L,最佳吸附温度为90℃,最佳交换时间为7 h,最大吸附量为6.163μg/mL;麦饭石负载的金属离子浓度越大其抗菌性能越好,在相同条件下抗菌剂抗菌性能为载银抗菌剂大于载铜抗菌剂。     

煤基载银抗菌剂的研制

研究了以煤为载体、用液相交换吸附法制备煤基载银抗菌剂的实验工艺,探讨了处理温度、处理时间、处理剂浓度等因素对抗菌性离子含量的影响,并找出最佳反应条件为:温度50℃～60℃,时间1h,硝酸银溶液质量浓度0.2mol/L～0.5mol/L。测试了煤基载银抗菌剂的耐洗涤性,同时使用能量色散谱对煤中各元素做了定量、定性分析,探讨了抗菌剂的主要性能和特点,预测了其适用范围。     

羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的研究

采用离子溶液反应法,制得羟基磷灰石抗菌剂.利用原子吸收光谱研究了不同制备条件对羟基磷灰石载持银离子性能的影响.通过X射线和红外光谱2种分析测试手段,从不同角度对羟基磷灰石抗菌剂结构进行了研究.经自然落菌实验,对未煅烧的羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的抗菌力与经过煅烧处理的羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的抗菌力进行了比较.     

载银蛭石抗菌剂的制备及抗菌性能研究

以新疆伊犁蛭石为原料,首先对蛭石进行预处理,主要经过酸化、热处理及钠化处理,其次采用离子交换法制备了载银蛭石抗菌剂,最后通过对反应温度、反应时间、硝酸银浓度和pH对产品载银量影响的探讨,优化出制备载银蛭石的最佳工艺条件：反应温度为50 ℃;反应时间为5 h;硝酸银浓度为0.1 mol/L;pH为5。在最佳工艺条件下得到的产品载银量最大,最大载银量为5.23%（载银质量分数）。通过抑菌环法测试产品对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性,表明载银蛭石具有很强的抗菌性能。     

基于正交设计的羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷材料的制备研究

文章以硝酸钙和磷酸氢二铵为原料,采用化学沉淀法制备了超细羟基磷灰石微粒,通过正交试验设计,结合红外光谱(FTIR)、粒度分析、X-射线衍射(XRD)对产物的表征,探讨了反应温度、反应物浓度、滴加速率和反应时间对羟基磷灰石的结晶情况、结晶尺寸及粒度的影响。结果表明:四因素影响次序依次为溶液浓度温度滴加速率反应时间。反应温度在20℃,磷酸氢二铵的滴加速率为100 m L/min,反应物浓度为0.5 mol/L,反应时间5 h时,形成粒径最小的羟基磷灰石,小范围的p H的波动对形成羟基磷灰石的影响不大。     

模拟体液法制备纳米级羟基磷灰石

以制备羟基磷灰石粉体的其中一种反应体系为研究对象,用模拟体液法制备纳米羟基磷灰石粉体。在此实验过程中,研究了反应温度、反应浓度和反应时间对羟基磷灰石粉体合成的影响。结果发现,制备纳米级羟基磷灰石的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为60℃,浓度为15SBF,反应时间为10h。在此工艺条件下,制备的羟基磷灰石粉体的微观形貌为球形颗粒,平均颗粒直径为30nm。     

载银麦饭石抗菌剂的制备及性能研究

以325目的麦饭石为载体,在一定条件下（Ag^＋ 浓度、搅拌温度、搅拌时间等）通过液相离子交换反应,制备得到载银麦饭石抗菌剂。运用ICP和XED等现代技术对材料中银离子含量以及银离子与载体的结合方式进行了分析,并对材料的抗菌性、抗菌耐久性和安全性能进行研究。结果表明：在搅拌时间是6h,搅拌温度是60℃,Ag^＋浓度是0．10mol／L时,制备麦饭石抗菌剂具有优异抗菌性和耐久性以及良好的安全性。究其原因主要在于该抗菌剂中Ag大多数以离子形式存在,赋予该抗菌剂良好的抗菌性;而且Ag^＋能从载体上持久地释放出来,从而保持了抗菌剂持久的抗菌能力。     

载铜无机抗菌剂的制备及性能

以天然麦饭石为载体、铜离子为抗菌离子,在一定条件下通过液相离子交换反应,制备载铜麦饭石抗菌剂.运用ICP和XRD等现代分析方法对抗菌剂中银离子的含量以及银离子与载体的结合方式进行了分析,并对其抗菌性、耐久性和安全性能进行研究.结果表明,在Cu2+浓度是0.1 mol·L-1,搅拌时间是4 h,反应温度是60 ℃时,制备的麦饭石抗菌剂具有优异抗菌性、耐久性和安全性.究其原因主要在于Cu2+能从载体上缓慢地释放出来,与细菌细胞作用,杀灭细菌,从而赋予该抗菌剂良好的、持久的抗菌能力.     

麦饭石无机抗菌剂的制备及性能

以麦饭石为载体、Ag⁺和Zn²⁺为抗菌离子,通过液相离子交换反应,制备载银锌的麦饭石无机抗菌剂。采用抑菌率对所得产物的抗菌性进行检测,采用XRD、SEM对产物的结构与形貌进行表征,并采用缓释法对产物的耐久性进行研究。实验结果表明：在反应时间为4 h,反应温度为60℃,Ag⁺和Zn²⁺浓度分别为0.1、2 mol·L^-1,pH值为8的条件下,制备的麦饭石抗菌剂具有优异抗菌性和耐久性。抗菌机理初步分析为通过离子交换或吸附进入麦饭石结构内的Ag⁺和Zn²⁺能从载体中持久缓慢地释放出来,与细菌细胞作用,杀灭细菌,从而保持该抗菌剂良好的抗菌能力。     

羟基磷灰石抗菌剂在涂料中的应用

通过共沉淀和离子交换的方法,将钛和锌离子共掺杂在羟基磷灰石上,制备了羟基磷灰石抗菌剂。研究了其与另外3种无机抗菌剂(锌型沸石抗菌剂、银型沸石抗菌剂、氧化钛光催化抗菌剂)在涂料中的应用。结果证明:锌型抗菌涂料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果较差,其余3种类型抗菌涂料具有很好抗菌效果。但是,银型抗菌剂易引起涂料变色,氧化钛光催化抗菌剂在涂料中难分散且易加快涂料老化,而羟基磷灰石抗菌剂既具有良好的抗菌性能,且对涂料性能没有影响。还介绍了羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的抗菌机理。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。