A cost model for determining dyeing postponement in garment supply chain

There is a complex, dynamic and highly competitive market for the textile and clothing industries in developed countries. To respond quickly to changes in the market and to insure that the response will be able to satisfy customer fashion requirements, postponement strategy is one of the most important methods. This paper constructs original and postponed garment dyeing cost models and uses practical parameter data to simulate various situations, and then analyzes the differences and relations between the two cost models. The results show that the cost of the postponement model is lower than the cost of the original model when key parameters such as total demand quantity, number of colors, inventory holding cost rate, demand standard deviation, lead-time, and safety stock factor are large. The cost evaluation model provides a strategy and the basis for feasible judgment in evaluating dyeing postponement for the textile and clothing industries in garment supply chain management.     

供应链环境中交货期问题的研究

提出了一种面向订单装配条件下如何确定交货期的模型。该模型考虑到库存成本、延期成本和拖期成本等因素，综合衡量客户要求的交货期和供应商承诺的交货期之间的差异，使总成本最小。根据模型计算和分析，提出了企业在供应链环境下设置交货期的策略。     

Integrating sustainability into supplier selection with analytical hierarchy process and improved grey relational analysis: a case of telecom industry

Supplier selection is one of the critical problems in supply chain systems. Within the last decades, by the emergence of sustainability concept, companies have been motivated to enhance their supplier’s sustainability and move toward sustainable development. This paper proposes a structured and integrated decision model for evaluating sustainable suppliers in the context of telecom industry by combining analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and improved grey relational analysis (IGRA) approaches. The proposed model employs AHP for calculating sustainability criteria weights and IGRA for ranking suppliers. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is also performed to demonstrate the robustness of the model. In this research, the sustainable supplier selection problem of the telecom industry in the southern part of Iran was investigated, showing the effectiveness and applicability of this proposed integrated approach.     

Multi-objective supply chain sourcing strategy design under risk using PSO and simulation

Sourcing strategy design in a supply chain is vital to gain competitive advantage. In recent years, supply chain risks are growing significantly and supplier failure is identified as one of the top supply chain risks. Researchers attempt to mitigate the negative impacts of supplier failure by applying strategies such as local versus global sourcing, single versus dual/multiple-sourcing, performance-based supply contracts, and optimizing the order allocation among suppliers. Global sourcing is a widely recognized strategy among firms, and it involves a trade-off between reliable, high-cost local suppliers and unreliable, low-cost offshore suppliers. The global sourcing is associated with the risks of exchange rate volatility, trade restrictions, longer lead time, and problems with supplier reliability. Sourcing strategy design considering price, exchange rate risks, and supplier delivery reliability is an important research topic and needs attention. In this work, a hybrid optimization and simulation approach is proposed to design the supply chain sourcing strategy. In the optimization approach, a multi-objective binary particle swarm algorithm is developed for minimizing the total cost and maximizing the supplier delivery reliability. Selected scenarios from the optimization results are modeled using Witness simulation software to evaluate the robustness of sourcing strategies under price, exchange rate and demand risks. The proposed approach is exemplified using a real-life case study of a plastic product manufacture in India.     

Supply coordination based on bonus policy in assembly under uncertain delivery time

The existing research of supply coordination under uncertain delivery time mainly focuses on the collaboration between the supplier and the manufacturer, which aim at minimizing the total cost of each side and finding comparative optimal solutions under decentralized decision. In the supply coordination, the collaboration between suppliers in assembly system is usually not considered. As a result, the manufacturer’s production is often delayed due to mismatching delivery of components between suppliers. Therefore, to ensure supply coordination in assembly system, collaboration between suppliers should be taken into consideration. In this paper, an assembly system with two suppliers and one manufacturer under uncertain delivery time is considered. The model is established and optimal solution is given under decentralized decision. Furthermore, the cost functions of two suppliers are both convex, and a unique Nash equilibrium exists between two suppliers. Then the optimal decision under supply coordination is analyzed, which is regarded as a benchmark for supply coordination. Additionally, the total cost of the assembly system is jointly convex in agreed delivery time. To achieve supply coordination a bonus policy is explored in the assembly system under uncertain delivery time, and the total cost under bonus policy must be lower than under decentralized decision. Finally the numerical and sensitivity analysis shows the cost of assembly system under bonus policy equals that under supply coordination, and the cost of each side in assembly system under bonus policy is lower compared to that under decentralized decision. The proposed research minimizes the total cost of each side with bonus policy in assembly system, ensures the supply coordination between suppliers and the manufacturer, and improves the competiveness of the whole supply chain.     

层次分析法在产业链选择中的应用

如何结合南宁市电子信息产业现状,在电子信息产业领域的众多产业链中选择出能推进南宁市经济结构调整和产业结构升级,增强竞争力的产业链,在现阶段尚没有完整的手段。本文通过采用层次分析法的原理和方法,对处理产业链选择中如何将评价指标量化的问题进行了尝试,使得分析评价的结论更趋明确,选择出了五条重点发展产业链,为决策者提供了科学依据。     

The research of surface waviness control method for 5-axis flank milling

In this paper, the impacts brought by the carbon footprint tax on fashion supply chain systems are analytically examined. First, based on various industrial practices in fashion apparel, we construct the two-echelon manufacturer–retailer analytical fashion supply chain model. Second, by exploring the fashion supply chain with a highly fashionable product, we study how the carbon footprint tax can affect the retailer’s optimal choice of sourcing. We further investigate the significance of carbon footprint tax on fashion supply chain management under two commonly adopted contracts, namely the pure wholesale pricing (WP) contract and the markdown money (MM) contract. Our analytical findings illustrate that: (1) under the WP contract case: A properly set carbon footprint tax, which depends on the product’s manufacturing and shipping costs, and manufacturer’s profit margin, can successfully entice the retailer to source locally. (2) Under the MM contract case where the MM contract is set in a way that the supply chain is coordinated: (a) If the carbon footprint tax is equal to the difference between the product costs from the local and offshore sourcing, then the optimal MM rates and the optimal supply chain product quantities from the local and offshore sourcing modes are the same. (b) Similar to the WP contract case, we prove analytically that a properly determined carbon footprint tax can always entice the retailer to source locally. Further analysis with extended models under the consideration of having a stochastically larger demand with the local sourcing mode is conducted.     

基于Web服务的服装出口供应链及其实现技术研究

在新的国际贸易环境下,中国服装出口行业亟需整合行业资源,组建以大中型服装出口企业为核心的行业联盟,提高抵御国际风险的能力。为此对服装出口供应链进行了研究,提出了基于核心企业协调功能的服装出口供应链框架,并且讨论其优化策略和技术架构,最后设计了服装出口供应链管理系统的功能模型。     

风电整机厂商的供应商评估与选择

供应商评估与选择是风电整机制造厂商供应链管理的关键环节,对提高风力发电机组的质量,缩减制造成本起着不容忽视的作用。当今风电行业竞争的焦点正逐步由企业间的竞争转化供应链之间的竞争,为了提高零部件供应商的可靠性,整机制造厂商需要对零部件供应商进行科学、客观地评估,以便做出正确的供应商选择决策。     

Integrated supply chain design using multi-criteria optimization

Supply chain management (SCM) presents significant opportunities for improving profit margins and reducing cost. It encompasses functional and geographical integration as well as integration of tactical and operational decisions. The functional integration aspects involve purchasing, manufacturing, and logistics within the company and across the supply chain. A supply chain design framework has been developed including linear/mixed integer multi-criteria optimization models for determining the identified supply chain design parameters. The selection of suppliers, determination of production quantities, inventory locations and sizes, selection of transportation method and transported quantities in a multi-stage, multi-level supply chain are investigated. Additional criteria including first-time quality (FTQ) and suppliers on-time delivery risk with and without allowing splitting of customer demand between suppliers are considered. An example of typical automotive power train supply chain design and decision issues is used to illustrate the effect of various factors.     

基于模糊AHP方法的供应商绿色评价研究

针对多个供应商选择问题,本文采用AHP与模糊理论相结合的方法,对绿色供应链中供应商的评价与选择进行了分析,建立了绿色供应链供应商评价指标体系,并且结合实例,具体分析了采用模糊AHP法综合评价选择供应商的过程。     

Performance Measurement in a Supply Chain

The supply chain is an important element in logistics development for all industries. It can improve efficiency and effectiveness of not only product transfer, but also information sharing between the complex hierarchy of all the tiers. There is no systematic grouping of the different performance measures in the existing literatures. This paper presents the formulisation of both quantitative and qualitative performance measurements for easy representation and understanding. Apart from the common criteria such as cost and quality, five other performance measurements are defined: resource utilisation; flexibility; visibility; trust; and innovativeness. In particular, new definitions are developed for visibility, trust, and innovativeness. Details of choices of these performance measurements are listed and suggested solutions are given, with the hope that a full picture of supply chain performance measurements is developed. In addition, a multi-attribute decision-making technique, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), is used to make decisions based on the priority of performance measures. This paper outlines the application and particularly the pairwise comparison which helps to identify easily the importance of different performance measurements. An example from the electronic industry is used to demonstrate the AHP technique. ID="A1"Correspondance and offprint requests to: Dr F. T. S. Chan, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. E-mail: ftschan@hkucc.hku.hk     

Continuous improvement - Nissan's supplier struggle with continuous improvement - THE NISSAN SUPPLY CHAIN IS MORE FRAGILE THAN ITS ENVIABLE REPUTATION SUGGESTS

Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK must be among the best in the world. But a three-year study by a Nissan insider, based on surveys and interviews among Nissan's 265 suppliers, reveals that the Nissan supply base is full of companies who underestimate both their competitors and their employees. They are over-reliant on continuous improvement (CI) tools and methodologies that they do not fully understand. Moreover, they have little idea what CI means either in practical terms or in terms of management commitment. Eight CI myths derived from the study are: the idea that employee attitudes are the biggest barrier to CI success; lean suppliers must make large investment in CI tools and methodologies; CI tools will solve all of a company's problems; consultants know which tools are right for a business; CI is all about becoming leaner, and this means downsizing and reducing the headcount; CI is only about cost reduction; CI does not deliver quick improvements; and that CI is going to cost the company. The article sheds light on these myths     

不同交货策略下装配式供应链协同供货优化研究

在对制造商完全承担提前期压缩费用的交货策略1和制造商与供应商共同承担提前期压缩费用的交货策略2进行描述和分析后,建立不同交货策略下基于两供应商—单制造商的装配式供应链协同供货模型。根据策略1分析基于两供应商—单制造商的装配式供应链stackelberg对策优化模型,给出各自最优决策及相应求解算法;根据策略2建立基于两供应商—单制造商的装配式供应链联合库存模型,给出求解最优决策的算法。分析策略2优于策略1下的可控提前期费用分担系数,并给出分担系数的范围,在此基础上建立基于改进期望效用理论的不对称Nash协商协调策略。通过数例对两种策略进行比较分析并确定有效的费用分担系数。     

基于可拓学的汽车产业供应链优化方法分析

针对汽车产业供应链管理中的不确定性,提出了基于可拓学理论进行汽车产业供应链优化研究的新方法,有效地解决汽车产业供应链管理中柔性与成本之间的矛盾,为汽车产业供应链的优化管理提供一种新的思想方法。首先建立供应链总成本与柔性之间矛盾问题的可拓模型,并在此基础上分析柔性条件下的供应链资源可拓方法,最后以某汽车企业为例进行应用研究,为汽车产业的供应链管理提供一种新的科学方法。     

基于斯坦克尔伯格博弈的入厂物流利益协调问题

为探讨入厂物流的利益协调问题,提出了由一个制造商和两个零部件供应商组成的两阶供应链.以零部件供应商库存成本和制造商运输成本最小化为目标,以博弈论为基础,建立了由制造商为主方,零部件供应商为从方的两阶斯坦科尔伯格主从博弈模型.制造商采取共同订货期为基础订货和循环取货的方式,并通过相应激励来诱使供应商参与合作.该供应链协调策略实现了两阶供应链库存一配送的联合优化.通过求解斯坦克尔伯格博弈模型,得出了最优的共同订货期.订货期倍数和激励奖金的数值解.最后给出了算法和仿真分析.仿真分析讨论了相关参数变化对制造商成本、零部件供应商成本和系统总成本的影响.     

基于改进AHP的多供应商选择问题研究

针对供应链管理环境下的多供应商选择的多目标问题，考虑了采购量折扣和供应商能力约束。在应用粗糙集理论的基础上，对传统AHP进行了改进，量化了定性因素，建立了以价格、质量和服务为目标函数，以供应能力、及时运送等为约束条件的多目标混合整数规划模型，采用最大权值，最优化方法得到问题的最优解，仿真实例验证了该模型与求解方法是现实可行的。     

A multi-objective supply chain model integrated with location of distribution centers and supplier selection decisions

Today, in the competitive markets, supply chain works as an interrelating network of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers, to satisfy customer demands. Coordinating all parts of the supply chain is a multi-level process and needs important decisions that affect on the performance of each part and whole supply chain and some conflicting objectives should be considered. In this paper, the supplier selection problem is integrated with production decision and distributor location problems and a new mathematical model is proposed. Delivery time, total cost, and quality are the objective functions considered and weighting method is used to solve the multi-objective problem. A modified genetic algorithm is proposed to obtain Pareto optimal solution sets. Computational experiments are included for validation of proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm gives high-quality solutions as well as better computational times.     

Study on multi-agent-based agile supply chain management

In a worldwide network of suppliers, factories, warehouses, distribution centres and retailers, the supply chain plays a very important role in the acquisition, transformation, and delivery of raw materials and products. One of the most important characteristics of agile supply chain is the ability to reconfigure dynamically and quickly according to demand changes in the market. In this paper, concepts and characteristics of an agile supply chain are discussed and the agile supply chain is regarded as one of the pivotal technologies of agile manufacture based on dynamic alliance. Also, the importance of coordination in supply chain is emphasised and a general architecture of agile supply chain management is presented based on a multi-agent theory, in which the supply chain is managed by a set of intelligent agents for one or more activities. The supply chain management system functions are to coordinate its agents. Agent functionalities and responsibilities are defined respectively, and a contract net protocol joint with case-based reasoning for coordination and an algorithm for task allocation is presented.     

基于BOM-Supply Hub的供应链设计模型

为探讨供应链上游环节结构变化对供应链设计的影响,根据物料清单特点,及它与供应商多层属性的相关关系,从物料清单各链节间嵌入供应中心的变化,建立起没有供应中心、单级供应中心和两级供应中心的供应链设计模型.为计算这三类混合整数规划模型,采用遗传算法进行求解.通过算例比较发现,在同一周期下,基于供应中心供应链设计,比没有供应中心供应链设计的总费用低而且库存量少.同时,基于供应中心供应链设计比没有供应中心供应链设计能抑制牛鞭效应,特别是基于两级供应中心供应链设计对抑制库存放大的效果更明显.