合理地选取双反射光学系统的遮拦比

从夫琅和费衍射积分公式出发，论述了不同遮拦比的双反射光学系统的I。（环）／I。（孔）的测量原理和测试方法，并通过计算和测试取得了一系列有实用价值的数据。从而，为某些红外光学系统设计时合理地选取遮拦比提供了依据。     

圆环孔径衍射高斯光束远场发散角研究

基于夫琅禾费衍射理论,通过对衍射积分的核函数进行近似,推导并得出了简洁的经圆环形孔径衍射的高斯光束远场发散角的近似解析式。在不同衍射孔径外径和不同遮拦比的条件下,将该解析式与严格的夫琅禾费衍射积分进行比较,发现二者求出的远场发散角接近一致,最大误差不超过2.7%。与传统数值积分求取光束发散角相比,该近似解析式在避免繁琐的积分运算同时保持了较高的精度。该解析式成立条件为高斯光束的束腰直径大于等于3.5倍中心遮拦直径,且小于等于孔径直径;在实际工程应用中,特别是具有大口径、小遮拦比特点的空间激光通信光学天线这一应用场景,该条件一般能够被满足。     

调制传递函数在光学相机支撑设计中的应用

为指导遥感相机主次镜支撑桁架的设计,以满足整系统调制传递函数(MTF)为目标,分析系统各环节MTF对整机的影响,确定以光学衍射限传递函数为约束设计系统主体支撑结构。由在轨产品的实测MTF及装调、电子学的传递函数因子推出杆支撑条件下的光学衍射限传递函数最小值,指出光学软件不能全面评价遮拦对光学衍射限传递函数的影响,确定以光瞳函数计算不同遮拦时光学系统衍射限传递函数,得出三杆时杆直径最大为38mm,四杆时杆直径最大为26mm的遮拦分布。通过有限元计算两种结构布局下杆不同壁厚的系统静载变形及模态频率,认为直径26mm、壁厚4mm的四杆结构,支撑结构质量从现有40kg减至4kg,静载变形水平放置25μm、竖直放置0.85μm,系统基频98.9Hz,一阶扭转频率183Hz,满足卫星载荷设计要求。     

矢量波像差理论在无遮拦三反光学系统设计中的应用

传统的无遮拦三反射镜光学系统设计是先设计轴对称反射系统,然后通过偏光瞳、偏视场或者两者结合的方法来实现系统无遮拦设计,系统中不可避免地用到了离轴非球面反射镜。以矢量波像差理论的相关结论出发,将反射镜的倾斜作为系统的优化变量,利用轴对称非球面反射镜实现了无遮拦三反射系统的设计。分析了此种系统的设计思路及步骤,设计了焦距为1 000 mm、视场角为1020、F数为10的三反射镜光学系统,系统结构紧凑,成像质量接近衍射极限。该系统与其他无遮拦三反光学系统相比,最大的优点是系统中的非球面均为轴对称反射面,极大地降低了系统成本。     

浅谈电力系统智能型安全遮拦的研制及应用

电力行业对于安全放在了首位,我们在工作中发现实际使用中的遮拦具有安全隐患,传统的遮拦往往是通过遮拦带从视觉上起到一个警示的作用,在实际的应用中,不具威慑作用,经常有违章翻越遮拦的现象发生,在高危工作场所,为了确保人身和设备安全,需要多增设专责监护人,包括工作监护人和现场监护人,使用人进行监护总有疏忽的方面,为了解决这一问题,我们设计制作了智能型安全遮拦,本文系统的介绍了智能型安全遮拦的研制过程和使用的效果。     

超高斯光束经椭圆环光阑的衍射和光束质量评价

本文采用数值计算方法讨论了超高斯光束经椭圆环的的衍射现象。以桶中功率（PIB）、β参数和η参数为远场激光光束质量的评价参数,对超高斯光束经椭圆环光阑后的光束质量作了详细的研究,大量数值计算和物理分析表明,在椭圆环外径一定的条件下,超高斯光束经椭圆环衍射后的光束质量与椭圆环的遮拦比和超高斯光束的阶数有关。     

会聚球面波通过环形光阑的光强分布

基于菲涅耳衍射积分公式,推导出了会聚球面波通过环形光阑后场分布的解析公式,并讨论了一些特殊情况.数值计算例表明,光强分布与菲涅耳数和遮拦比有关.使用轴上光强公式和近似公式对焦移计算结果的比较证明了近似公式的适用范围.     

带有分割遮拦环形干涉图的波面拟合

针对干涉测量实验中采集到的带有分割遮拦的环形干涉图,采用Zernike环多项式作为基底函数系对波面数据进行拟合,并对拟合结果进行了理论分析和实验验证。首先,利用相关矩阵,在理论上分析了Zernike环多项式在带有分割遮拦的单位环形区域内的交叉耦合现象。其次,分别采用Zernike圆多项式和Zernike环多项式对实验得到的中心遮拦比ε≈0.504,且带有分割遮拦的环形干涉图进行波面拟合,从拟合残余误差、各项Zernike系数的稳定性、传递矩阵的条件数三个方面,对比分析了两种多项式的拟合精度、可靠性以及抗扰动能力。实验结果表明,对于带有分割遮拦环形波面的拟合,当环形区域中分割遮拦较小时,Zernike环多项式具有较高的拟合精度、可靠性和抗扰动能力,可以达到很好的拟合效果。     

基于自由曲面的大视场离轴四反光学系统设计

反射系统具有体积小、重量轻、无色差、成像性能优良等特点,广泛应用于航空机载领域。本文基于矩阵光学理论,并以此建立非线性方程组,用数学软件求解得到满足要求的初始结构。优化过程中不断调整系统各镜的偏心和倾斜,消除系统的中心遮拦。在光学系统中引入自由曲面,提升了光学系统的轴外像差平衡能力,增大系统视场角。设计了焦距100 mm,视场角20°×20°,相对孔径为F/7的离轴四反射镜光学系统。结果表明,该光学系统具有较大的成像视场,结构紧凑,无中心遮拦,成像质量接近衍射极限。     

环状光束沿斜程路径大气湍流传输的光束扩展

利用数值模拟方法,采用桶中功率为86.5%定义的环围功率束宽作为光束扩展的评价参数,研究了环状光束在大气湍流中沿斜程路径传输的光束扩展。研究结果表明,自由空间中遮拦比越大,远场光强旁瓣越明显。大气湍流造成光强旁瓣消失,且远场光强分布并不是高斯分布。光束扩展随着遮拦比和天顶角的增大而增大,大气湍流对光束扩展的影响也随天顶角的增大而增大。当遮拦比较大或较小时,湍流对光束扩展影响随遮拦比的增大而减小;当遮拦比中等大小时,湍流对光束扩展的影响几乎不随遮拦比而变化。与已有研究结果比较发现,按照桶中功率不同百分比定义的环状光束环围功率束宽受大气湍流影响规律是不同的,研究结果对实际应用具有意义。     

Algorithms for Dynamic Routing in All-Optical Networks

In this paper, we have studied a number of algorithms for routing in all-optical wavelength routed networks. We have considered situations where a lightpath is dynamically created in response to a request for communication and the WDM channels constituting the lightpath are reclaimed when the communication is over. We have looked at two schemes for dynamic wavelength allocation. In the first scheme we have assumed the existence of a central agent to maintain a database of existing lightpaths where the central agent attempts to generate a new lightpath in response to a request for communication. In the second scheme, we attempt to generate a new lightpath using a distributed algorithm. In the first scheme we have exploited the existence of multiple paths between any pair of nodes in a network in order to reduce the blocking probability. For the second scheme, we have proposed three distributed strategies to determine, if possible, a lightpath when there is a request for communication. Each of these strategies have their advantages and disadvantages in terms of the expected blocking probability and the set-up time. We have studied the performances of both the schemes using Monte Carlo simulation.     

Numerical modeling of magnetic-field-sensitive semiconductor devices

Semiconductor devices in the presence of a magnetic field have been modeled numerically. The two-dimensional distributions of the electric potential, the electron concentration, and the hole concentration in a silicon slab exposed to a magnetic field have been computed. We have generalized the well-known Scharfetter-Gummel scheme to the case of two dimensions and nonzero magnetic field and employed a finite-difference technique. Our results are in support of earlier results in case of Hall plates. In intrinsic or closely intrinsic silicon, our results show both magnetoconcentration and space-charge effects. As a realistic example of a magnetic-field sensor, we have modeled a p⁺-i-n⁺silicon diode with split contacts.     

Quantitative characterization of carrier injection across metal–organic interfaces using Bardeen theory

We have investigated the contact between a metal and an organic/polymeric (o/p) material and we have introduced a relation for carrier injection using Bardeen theory. A series of narrow barriers is considered in the semiconductor side to account for the localized nature of the carriers in the o/p material. As an application of the model, we have calculated the hopping rate of carriers in terms of the contact parameters. Also, we have discussed the hopping of carriers deep into the organic dielectric. Finally, we have explored the hopping rate in practical contacts between polyfluorene-based polymers and different electrodes.     

Study, comparison and application of different VHDL-based fault injection techniques for the experimental validation of a fault-tolerant system

In this work different VHDL-based fault injection techniques (simulator commands, saboteurs and mutants) have been compared and applied in the validation of a fault-tolerant system. Some extensions and implementation designs of these techniques have been introduced. As a complement of these injection techniques, a wide set of fault models (including several non-usual models) have been implemented. We have injected both transient and permanent faults on the system model, using two different workloads, with the help of a fault injection tool that we have developed. We have studied the pathology of the propagated errors, measured their latencies, and calculated both detection and recovery coverages. Results show that coverages for transient faults can be obtained quite accurately with any of the three techniques. This enables the use of different abstraction level models for the same system. We have also verified significant differences in implementation and simulation cost between the studied injection techniques.     

Measuring and Improving the Performance of Network Mobility Management in IPv6 Networks

Measuring the performance of an implementation of a set of protocols and analyzing the results is crucial to understanding the performance and limitations of the protocols in a real network environment. Based on this information, the protocols and their interactions can be improved to enhance the performance of the whole system. To this end, we have developed a network mobility testbed and implemented the network mobility (NEMO) basic support protocol and have identified problems in the architecture which affect the handoff and routing performance. To address the identified handoff performance issues, we have proposed the use of make-before-break handoffs with two network interfaces for NEMO. We have carried out a comparison study of handoffs with NEMO and have shown that the proposed scheme provides near-optimal performance. Further, we have extended a previously proposed route optimization (RO) scheme, OptiNets. We have compared the routing and header overheads using experiments and analysis and shown that the use of the extended OptiNets scheme reduces these overheads of NEMO to a level comparable with Mobile IPv6 RO. Finally, this paper shows that the proposed handoff and RO schemes enable NEMO protocol to be used in applications sensitive to delay and packet loss.     

基于Web的实时协同编辑系统

协同编辑系统作为CSCW的一个重要应用领域，近年来有了很大的进步，出现了大量此类系统。但是大部分系统都存在不足，比如不支持脑风暴方式（实时同步协同）的编辑，不支持修改留痕等等。本文提出了一个实时协同编辑系统WRCES（Web-based real-time cooperative edit system)。WRCES提供了脑风暴方式下的一致性控制、修改痕迹的保留、多媒体同步交流等功能。本文详细介绍了该实验系统的系统结构及关键的实现技术。     

Modified suspended membrane photonic crystal D/sub 3/ laser cavity with improved sidemode suppression ratio

We have demonstrated the ability to selectively modify the mode structure of a multimoded photonic crystal laser cavity, based on the detailed knowledge of resonant modes in a suspended membrane D/sub 3/ microcavity. We have designed a microcavity in which the margins between the highest Q mode and the next highest Q modes have been increased. This modified cavity has been shown to have an improved sidemode suppression ratio under high power pumping condition.     

WDM optical communication networks: progress and challenges

While optical-transmission techniques have been researched for quite some time, optical "networking" studies have been conducted only over the past dozen years or so. The field has matured enormously over this time: many papers and Ph.D. dissertations have been produced, a number of prototypes and testbeds have been built, several books have been written, a large number of startups have been formed, and optical WDM technology is being deployed in the marketplace at a very rapid rate. The objective of this paper is to summarize the basic optical networking approaches, report on the WDM deployment strategies of two major US carriers, and outline the current research and development trends on WDM optical networks.     

Intracavity pulse compression in a laser with nonlinear resonator

Using a computer simulation, the authors have studied self-start of passive mode-locking in a laser with a nonlinear mirror in the form of a fiber loop reflector. They have demonstrated that intracavity interferometric pulse compression in a nonlinear resonator makes it possible to broaden the bandwidth and to accomplish efficient pulse shortening. Stable solutions have been found for perfect mode-locking with a steady-state pulse bandwidth which essentially exceeds the gain bandwidth     

Visual Prosthesis

Electronic visual prostheses have demonstrated the ability to restore a rudimentary sense of vision to blind individuals. This review paper will highlight past and recent progress in this field as well as some technical challenges to further advancement. Retinal implants have now been tested in humans by four independent groups. Optic nerve and cortical implants have been also been evaluated in humans. The first implants have achieved remarkable results, including detection of motion and distinguishing objects from a set. To improve on these results, a number of research groups have performed simulations that predict up to 1000 individual pixels may be needed to restore significant functions such as face recognition and reading. In order to achieve a device that can stimulate the visual system in this many locations, issues of power consumption and electronic packaging must be resolved.