汽车前围板冲压数值模拟及工艺参数优化

针对汽车覆盖件冲压过程变形复杂的特点,对某型号汽车前围板零件拉深过程进行数值模拟,分析压边力及拉延筋的变化对该零件成形效果的影响.通过成形极限图优化压边力及拉延筋,最终获取该零件拉深工序合适的工艺参数,为汽车覆盖件冲压工艺提供快速、有效的设计方法.     

某发动机仓边梁盖板成形工艺分析及回弹控制

目的探讨高强钢板的浅成形件的回弹问题,开发高强钢发动机仓边梁盖板浅拉深工艺。方法针对发动机仓边梁盖板进行了零件特征和冲压工艺分析,采用了双件对称布置的拉深设计,设计了具有中间容料形式的工艺补充面,并且采用了拉深槛来增加成形阻力。最后用Dynaform软件模拟了制件拉延成形过程,分别分析了在成形卸载后和切边后两种状态的回弹情况,以及工艺参数-压边力和拉延筋对制件回弹的影响。通过对典型截面回弹量大小的研究,总结了制件回弹的规律,并对回弹进行了有效控制。结果根据模拟结果选取了最优参数,设计了冲压方案,冲压出了合格的产品。结论覆盖件内部补充面可以采用凸形面来增大面积,消化多余面积,以提高该区域的变形程度,提高零件精度。使用拉深槛可以比拉深筋更有效地提高浅成形覆盖件的塑性变形程度,减小回弹。     

基于数值模拟的盒形件拉深成形变拉深筋技术研究

以盒形件为研究对象,建立了盒形件拉延筋成形的数值模型,分别对盒形件固定拉深筋和变拉深筋成形进行了数值模拟研究,并进行了工程试验的验证,对结果及误差进行了分析,实现了基于拉深筋高度变化的变拉深筋技术.这种方法能有效发挥板料成形性能,提高零件拉深成形质量.     

板料成形拉延筋技术研究现状

拉延筋在汽车覆盖件拉深成形中起着十分重要的作用.利用拉延筋可以调节和控制板料的变形程度和变形分布,抑制破裂、起皱、面畸变等多种冲压质量问题的产生.在很多情况下,拉延筋的设置合理与否将决定覆盖件拉深的成败.较系统地总结了板料成形拉延筋技术以及拉延筋作用原理、阻力模型、影响因素等的研究现状.     

轿车车门内板冲压成形计算机仿真

介绍了采用基于动态显式算法的有限元分析软件包eta/DYNAFORM对典型的汽车覆盖件轿车车门内板冲压成形进行计算机仿真的全过程.论述了覆盖件冲压零件计算机仿真必须注意到的问题,并探讨了其中的关键技术.     

激光拼焊板拉延成形焊缝移动优化控制

针对不同材料种类、厚度、强度、镀层焊接的拼焊板存在的成形问题,采用有限元仿真技术准确预测了拼焊板拉延成形工序的金属流动,在此基础上开展了拉深筋优化工艺研究.研究结果表明:由于纵梁前端和后端变形不均匀,拼焊板焊缝在拉延过程中随着拉深筋设置的不同产生不同的流向;当纵梁后端两侧拉延筋阻力系数分别设置为0.35和0.15时,零件内部焊缝移动量最小,更有利于拼焊板的成形质量控制.     

汽车后座椅横梁冲压成形过程的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法,对某型高强钢汽车后座椅横梁的成形过程进行研究,讨论压边力和拉深筋的变化对该零件成形性能的影响。模拟结果表明,采用合适的压边力和较低的拉深筋阻力系数,可有效提高高强钢的成形性能,获得合格的零件。针对模拟结果中零件出现的缺陷,提出了初步的工艺改进方案。     

曲面扁壳类汽车覆盖件刚度的控制机制研究

为有效控制和提高汽车覆盖件的刚度,以能够代表汽车覆盖件曲面特点的柱面扁壳件和双曲扁壳件为研究对象,采用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法,深入分析零件在成形过程中拉深筋、拉深深度及压边力对刚度的影响规律,并通过分析扁壳件成形后应力应变分布特点,揭示工艺条件对刚度的影响机制.研究表明:刚度随着压边力的增大而增大,增设拉深筋有助于提高曲面扁壳件的刚度;刚度随着拉深深度的增加而增大;工艺条件的改变可以增大塑性应变量,减少残余应力,并减少回弹,提高刚度.     

拉深筋力学参数测试系统

设计了拉深筋模拟实验装置,开发了基于LabVIEW的实验测试系统.实验研究了该系统对板材通过拉深筋时的力学过程,应用应变式传感器测量出板材通过拉深筋时的压筋力、拉深筋阻力和上浮力.根据测量得到的数据分析了各力学参数在板材成形过程中的变化规律,给出了半圆形拉深筋的结构参数(高度、圆角半径等)与拉深筋阻力、压筋力和上浮力等力学参数的特征关系曲线,为拉深筋的设计和调整提供了理论依据.     

热镀锌钢板表面润滑处理及其摩擦特性

模具与冲压件间的摩擦磨损性能极大地影响冲压件的质量。为了提高汽车用热镀锌钢板的冲压成形性能,采用含多种无机离子的润滑剂对热镀锌钢板表面进行润滑处理。通过摩擦因数测量和拉深试验方法分别研究了热镀锌钢板的表面摩擦特性与冲压成形性能。结果表明:经无机润滑处理的热镀锌钢板表面摩擦因数明显降低、具有良好的表面润滑性能与稳定的摩擦特性;拉深试验时其最大拉深力下降、最大拉深杯体高度增大,即钢板的冲压成形性能得到了提高。     

Improving the accuracy of contact-type drawbead elements in panel stamping analysis

A finite element modeling technique is proposed to improve the accuracy of contact-type drawbead elements in panel forming analyses, and a performance assessment in terms of part border and thickness predictions is presented in conjunction with panel stamping experiments of two automotive sheets. Inherent model limitations causing incorrect part geometry and thickness predictions are, firstly, evaluated considering blank deformations on a plain–strain section of a stamping die. The influence of omitted drawbead geometry and overestimated drawbead exit thickness are described analytically, and a closed form expression is obtained to correct draw-in model error. Then a sectional deformation model is used to calculate restraint force and drawbead exit thickness for a particular blank and drawbead design. The proposed technique is applied in process modeling of polygon shaped panels made of draw-quality and bake-hardenable steels. Three bead penetrations were investigated in process simulations as well as in stamping experiments. The same blankholder force was applied in all process conditions. Computed draw-in and thickness distributions were compared with on-part measurements using an experimental panel-draw die. It was determined that drawbead models based on force parameters only resulted in remarkably high thickness values at the die entry and mostly overestimated draw-in along panel border lines. An evaluation of thickness distributions computed with proposed technique showed an improved correlation with experiment results of both blank materials and confirmed the use of the drawbead exit thickness as a drawbead modeling parameter. Effects of bead penetration on panel border lines were also simulated in accord with stamping experiments.     

汽车板精益成形技术

建立了面向零件成形特征的合理选材方法,发明了高效的拉延筋阻力混合优化设计方法,构建了变压边力控制实验平台。从降低成形质量对材料和工艺过程波动敏感性的角度出发,研究面向材料和工艺参数随机波动的成形质量的稳健控制。形成了基于“合理选材、工艺优化、稳健设计”思想的汽车板精益成形技术体系。通过在宝钢股份和多家汽车厂10多年的成功应用,支持宝钢汽车板的市场占有率稳步达到50％,有效地推动了国产汽车板使用技术的发展。     

基于克里金模型和NSGA-Ⅱ的汽车内板成形参数优化

目的 针对某汽车后背门内板冲压成形过程中易产生破裂和回弹等问题,提出了一种基于克里金模型和多目标遗传算法的优化策略。方法 研究摩擦因数、压边力和拉延筋阻力系数对产品最大减薄率和最大回弹量的影响,并确定了参数的拉丁超立方抽样区间。在抽样区间内抽取25组样本,利用数值模拟获取样本的最大减薄率和最大回弹量,并用克里金模型构建样本的响应模型。采用多目标遗传算法对响应模型进行优化,得到了帕累托前沿最优解集;从最优解集中选取了一组合适的工艺参数作为最优解,并进行了数值模拟和生产试制。结果 拉延筋阻力系数、压边力和摩擦因数对最大回弹量和最大减薄率的影响都具有较大的非线性,最大减薄率和最大回弹量存在一定的矛盾关系。综合考虑回弹量和减薄率得到的最优参数如下：摩擦因数为0.12、压边力为1 700 kN、拉延筋阻力系数为0.26。数值仿真结果表明,使用优化后的工艺参数能够避免板料开裂并且显著降低回弹量。生产试制结果表明,使用优化后的工艺参数能够得到表面质量良好、无破裂及起皱缺陷的零件。结论 应用该优化策略能够控制成形质量、减少试模次数、降低生产成本。     

Radial basis functional model for multi-objective sheet metal forming optimization

Fracture and wrinkling are two major defects in sheet metal forming and can be eliminated via an appropriate drawbead design. This article proposes to adopt a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) approach, which differs from traditional multi-objective optimization with construction of a single cost function. MOPSO shows a certain advantage over other single cost function or population-based algorithms. While radial basis function (RBF) has shown considerable promise in highly non-linear problems, there has been no report in sheet metal forming design. Here RBF is attempted to establish the metamodels for fracture and wrinkling criteria in sheet metal forming design. In this article, a sophisticated automobile inner stamping case is exemplified, which demonstrated that RBF provides a better surrogate accuracy and MOPSO is more effective than the other methods studied. The use of RBF driven MOPSO procedure significantly improved the formability and can be recommended for sheet metal process design.     

Multiobjective robust optimization method for drawbead design in sheet metal forming

It is recognized that fracture and wrinkling in sheet metal forming can be eliminated via an appropriate drawbead design. Although deterministic multiobjective optimization algorithms and finite element analysis (FEA) have been applied in this respect to improve formability and shorten design cycle, the design could become less meaningful or even unacceptable when considering practical variation in design variables and noises of system parameters. To tackle this problem, we present a multiobjective robust optimization methodology to address the effects of parametric uncertainties on drawbead design, where the six sigma principle is adopted to measure the variations, a dual response surface method is used to construct surrogate model and a multiobjective particle swarm optimization is developed to generate robust Pareto solutions. In this paper, the procedure of drawbead design is divided into two stages: firstly, equivalent drawbead restraining forces (DBRF) are obtained by developing a multiobjective robust particle swarm optimization, and secondly the DBRF model is integrated into a single-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) to optimize geometric parameters of drawbead. The optimal design showed a good agreement with the physical drawbead geometry and remarkably improve the formability and robust. Thus, the presented method provides an effective solution to geometric design of drawbead for improving product quality.     

汽车覆盖件冲压变形趋向性控制

汽车覆盖件冲压成形过程中的变形是非常复杂的,在进行工艺设计和模具设计时不能用计算的方法得到变形的定量分布,为此,通过对覆盖件特点的分析,提出了对汽车覆盖件冲压成形进行变形趋势分析的方法,以及控制汽车覆盖件冲压变形趋势的措施,并进行了实例分析.     

模拟拉延筋的镀锌薄钢板锌层粘附性试验方法的研究

基于现有拉延筋试验机，结合汽车厂冲压实际，研制、开发了测定镀锌钢板锌层粘附性的模拟拉延筋的模具，研究了试验条件对试验结果的影响。在此基础上，制定了镀锌钢板锌层粘附性试验规范，并对常用镀锌钢板的锌层粘附性进行了测定，为镀锌钢板的研究和在汽车上的应用提供了依据。     

汽车车身轻量化发展方向探讨

系统阐述了汽车车身轻量化设计过程中运用的3种主要方法：在车身结构优化设计方面,详细介绍了拓扑优化、灵敏度分析和形貌及尺寸优化在车身轻量化设计中应用的步骤及方法;在先进工艺应用方面,介绍了激光拼焊板、热冲压成形技术、辊压成形技术的优缺点,以及这些先进工艺应用于车身的位置;在车身新材料应用方面,介绍了高强度钢板、铝合金、塑料及高分子复合材料、静音钢板和结构发泡材料等在车身上的应用及发展情况.以大量实例和统计数据,并通过表征车身轻量化的关键指标——车身轻量化系数验证,得出汽车车身轻量化设计的步骤及发展方向.