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从生物冶金中用到的主要菌种和工艺种类两方面概述了目前生物冶金技术研究的状况和发展趋势,并且分析了该技术发展中亟待解决的两个问题,为生物冶金技术的研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
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本文综述了铝土矿生物冶金的研究现状。论述了铝土矿的生物脱硅、脱铁和脱钙方面的研究进展。指出了现阶段铝土矿生物冶金的不足之处。明确了今后需要加强的研究方向。 相似文献
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生物冶金技术因具有环境友好、成本低、不产生有害气体、产生的液体易于处理及控制、适用面广等优点,不断被现代矿业企业所采用。介绍了生物冶金的原理,综述了生物冶金技术工艺类型及特点,总结了生物冶金技术在黄金行业中的应用,展望了生物冶金技术未来的发展方向,为生物冶金技术的推广应用提供依据。 相似文献
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非硫化矿生物湿法冶金评述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用生物浸矿技术可以从低品位矿石中提取金属、选矿、选煤、消除金属离子毒性以度从废弃物中回收金属,谊技术环境友好、成本低、能耗低。利用化能自养细菌如氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出金属硫化矿中的有价金属已经进行了大量的研究.并且在工业生产中得到了应用。有一些产生酸性代谢物的细菌和真菌可用于非硫化矿的生物浸出,这些代谢产物通过还原、酸化以度络合作用溶解氧化物、硅酸盐矿物、碳酸盐矿物以度氢氧化物,但目前还没有系统进行非硫化矿的生物冶金研究。为了使生物冶金技术进一步完善和发展,必须研究和开发非硫化矿的生物冶金技术。 相似文献
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生物湿法冶金技术与传统矿业氧化工艺相比,成本低、无污染,具有广阔的工业应用前景。本文着重评述了国内外在浸矿微生物、培养基的优化、细菌的接种量、温度、酸度、矿石粒度、矿浆浓度、浸出液中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)浓度等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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《Hydrometallurgy》2001,59(2-3):233-239
Modern commercial application of biohydrometallurgy for processing ores became reality in the 1950s with the advent of copper bioleaching at the Kennecott Copper Bingham Mine. Early application entailed dump leaching of low-grade, low-value, run-of-mine material. Dump bioleaching has evolved into a commercially accepted option for bioheap copper leaching of higher-grade, higher value ores. This commercial practice is exemplified by at least 11 mining operations. Paradoxically, application of biohydrometallurgy in the pretreatment of refractory gold ores began with processing high value concentrates, using biooxidation-tank processes and was followed by extension to processing low-grade, lower value ores in heaps. Now, bioleaching has been extended to the commercial extraction and recovery of cobalt. Even with the current success of biohydrometallurgical applications in the mining industry, the real potential of biotechnology in mining remains to be realized. As confidence in commercial bioprocessing grows and experience extends the application's knowledge base, innovations and new commercial practices will emerge. Near-term future commercial applications will likely remain focused on recoveries of copper, gold and possibly nickel. Recent technical advances show that very refractory chalcopyrite can be successfully bioleached. Processes for copper recovery from this mineral will include both heap and stirred-tank reactors. Next generation technologies for pretreatment of refractory gold ores will be based on use of thermophilic bacteria for sulfide oxidation. For biohydrometallurgy to commercially advance, the microbiologist must work cooperatively with the practitioners of the technology for mutual understanding of operational limitations and practical constraints affecting the microbiological component. 相似文献
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A. E. TORMA 《Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review》2013,34(4):289-330
The present article provides information on the application of biotechnology in the valorization of mineral resources. Biohydrometallurgy is relatively a recent development but already employed in the copper, uranium and in a limited extent in precious metal processing industries. The basic principles of bioleaching and the mechanisms of bacterial action are discussed and specific examples are given for the biohydrometallurgy of the elements. An extended treatment of microbial activity is given with regard to gold and silver recoveries from ores and leach solutions, as well as for the desulfurization of coal, to represent tendencies of most active research areas. The article discusses also the biosorption processes and gives a short review of efforts devoted to biogenetic engineering of leaching organisms. 相似文献
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研究初始pH梯度对细菌培养过程中黄钾铁矾生成的影响。结果表明,黄钾铁矾的生成受溶液pH、细菌活性和Fe3+浓度共同影响。溶液pH 1.4~2.0时细菌活性较好,溶液中Fe2+转化成Fe3+的速率快,促进Fe3+水解生成黄钾铁矾;溶液pH 1.0~1.4时Fe3+的水解反应受到显著抑制。Fe3+的水解过程是先生成胶体相Fe(OH)3后逐渐形核、生长、结晶出黄钾铁矾。生物冶金过程中反应前期溶液pH应大于1.4,此阶段以促进细菌生长、加快矿石氧化分解为主,当细菌生长进入对数期后,溶液pH应小于1.4,此阶段以控制浸出液中细菌的活性,抑制黄钾铁矾的生成为主。 相似文献