The art and science of the conference presentation.

In this article, the author presents concrete suggestions derived from her experiences as a conference participant who is eager to hear her colleagues' academic insights, but is often frustrated with the presentation process. These suggestions also apply to other contexts in which academics speak about their work, including graduate students making thesis or dissertation presentations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ocular trauma following penetrating keratoplasty: incidence, outcome, and postoperative recommendations

OBJECTIVES: To assess the specific contribution to overall scale performance of each of the five items that constitute the Norton pressure ulcer prediction scale. DESIGN: A comparison of statistical models based on cross-sectional surveys of hospitalized patients. SETTING: An urban teaching hospital in Geneva, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS: 2373 hospitalized patients who were free of pressure ulcers on admission. MEASUREMENTS: Norton scale items measuring activity, mobility, physical condition, mental condition, and incontinence on a 4-point scale were examined as predictors of stage 1 or greater pressure ulcers. RESULTS: A total of 245 new pressure ulcers occurred between admission and patient observation. After adjustment for other independent predictors in proportional hazards models, only the activity and mobility items remained associated significantly with the risk of pressure ulcer. A simplified 2-item scale was more strongly associated with pressure ulcer risk than was the classic 5-item Norton scale. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the activity and mobility items of the Norton scale are sufficient to express the risk of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients. Confirmation of this finding in prospective studies is warranted.     

The psychological adjustment of United States adopted adolescents and their nonadopted siblings

Using data from a national sample of 715 United States adoptive families, comparisons were made between adopted adolescents and birth adolescents (children born to the adoptive parents) on the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach), 8 psychological and behavioral adjustment factor scales from the Attitudes and Behaviors survey (Benson), and an identity scale (Search Institute). Multivariate, followed by univariate, analyses of variance showed significant differences between the 2 groups on the psychological factor scales of Licit Drug Use and School Adjustment. A subsample of nonclinically referred adopted adolescents were also compared to norms on the Youth Self-Report. Nonreferred adopted boys showed higher levels of adjustment than the norm group on Withdrawn behaviors. Nonreferred adopted girls showed better adjustment than the norm group on Social Problems and Withdrawn behaviors and poorer adjustment on Delinquent Behavior and Externalizing behavior. (Standardized effect sizes were in the small to moderate range.) These same patterns were evidenced when controlling for ethnicity. These data are examined within Brodzinsky's stress and coping model of adoptee adjustment and support a body of adoption research that finds a pattern of small but significant differences between adopted and nonadopted persons. The differences showing poorer adoptee adjustment in comparison to nonadoptees should not be overstated as is sometimes the case in the adoption clinical literature, and areas in which adoptees evidence higher levels of psychological functioning should be further researched.     

The presence of absent persons: the identification changes of an adopted child

Through the case study of the analytic psychotherapy of an adopted child, the authors illustrate the specificity of identification problems, in particular towards the paternal imago within an oedipal context. The transferential-countertransferential conditions that enable to consider the psychosexual development, in relation to trauma and adoption, within the framework of the therapeutic relationship will also be considered.     

The relative importance of the ethical principles adopted by the American Psychological Association.

When two or more ethical principles are in conflict with one another, decision-makers are typically left to determine which of the two should be given most weight. Nonetheless, in the code of ethics adopted by the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA), principles are ranked in order of importance. This provides decision-makers with guidance in situations of conflict between ethical principles. In contrast to CPA's code of ethics, other professional codes do not provide such guidance. In a previous paper, we provided a philosophical rationale for a ranking of the ethical principles adopted by the American Psychological Association (APA) in order to help guide decision-making. In the present study, we investigated whether APA members collectively believe that some ethical principles are more important than others, and whether their views about the relative importance of ethical principles are consistent with the order (ranking) outlined in the CPA code. The results suggest that although APA members view all principles of their code as being important, they also view certain principles as carrying more weight. The implications of the findings for ethical decision-making are also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A comparison of the demography, clinical profile and treatment of adopted and non adopted children at a children's mental health centre

A retrospective analysis of adopted and non adopted children attending a children's mental health centre between 1959 and 1973 indicated a higher than expected number of males and a significantly higher number of professional fathers than expected in the adopted group. A sub-group of adopted children identified as having learning problems by reports of the parents and teachers had a different pattern of test scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children from a non adopted group, who were also selected for learning difficulties. On the parent's and clinician's ratings, the adopted group had more parent-identified hyperactivity symptoms and clinicians' diagnoses of hyperactivity. Treatment data indicated that they used more stimulant medication; this was particularly significant for the early adoptees. The early adoptees were considered to be more hyperactive by their parents than the late adoptees. The late adoptees were more impaired on psychometric testing than those placed early, before six months of age. These findings are discussed in relation to possible explanations for the higher than expected prevalence of adoptees seen in clinical populations.     

The behavioral sciences and the federal government: Summary and recommendations.

Reprinted from the Behavioral Sciences and the Federal Government, 1968, No. 1680. Examines how the knowledge and methods of the behavioral sciences can be effectively applied to the programs and policies of the federal government, stressing the need to consider the way behavioral science research is related to planning and management, and to consider the methods used for testing research for quality and relevance. The conditions which are considered to be necessary for the effective use of the knowledge and methods of behavioral sciences are suggested in regard to domestic and foreign affairs, international cooperation in research, science policies, and future-oriented research and public policies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anticipating the school consultant role: Changes in personal constructs following training.

Investigated developmental changes in novices' personal theories of consulting. A variation of G. Kelly's (1955) role repertory grid technique was used to explore changes in school psychology students' cognitive representations of the consultant role following a 9-mo consultation practicum experience. Nine graduate students in school psychology were interviewed prior to and following a program of consultation training. Results document subtle and interesting changes in how these beginning consultants construed their role. Ss applied slightly more varied constructs to the hypothetical consultation situations. Although they continued to primarily focus on the child, Ss demonstrated a shift in the way they approached problems, following the training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

提高崤山金矿选矿指标的技术措施

简要分析了崤山金矿现行混汞一浮选生产工艺中存在的主要问题,结合实际情况采取相应的技改措施,提高了选矿金总回收率12．52％,提高浮选金精矿品位6．13g／t,取得了明显的经济效益。     

The relationship of hope in the future and perceived school climate to school completion.

This study examined the impact of hope in the future and school climate as protective factors in school dropouts and graduates. Participants consisted of 97 students (males and females, aged 14-21 yrs) at risk for not completing school in an urban area. At-risk status was determined by student assignment to a continuation high school, a special placement for students who had had numerous infractions at regular high schools. Retrospectively, dropouts rated perceived school climate significantly lower than graduates, and graduates rated the importance of attending college significantly higher than dropouts. Dropouts and graduates who left school after the study was conducted did not report differences on the risk factors measured, nor did they differ on perceived school climate or the importance of attending college. However, hope in the future significantly predicted dropout versus graduate status for these participants. Results are discussed as describing differences in retrospective versus prospective reports, and as evidence of the utility of the risk/resilience paradigm in school completion research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

鞍钢7号高炉改造性大修冷却系统采用的新技术

鞍钢7号高炉改造性大修冷却系统采用多项先进技术,这些技术包括：先进的冷却设备设计,软水密闭循环系统,系统检漏、排气技术,冷却水过滤技术,蒸发式换热器冷却技术,简捷、流畅的管道布置,供水安全保证设施,系统检测技术,系统试漏及酸洗、预膜、钝化技术等,采用这些新技术,为高炉一代炉龄15年打下坚实的基础。     

The Addiction-Stroop test: Theoretical considerations and procedural recommendations.

Decisions about using addictive substances are influenced by distractions by addiction-related stimuli, of which the user might be unaware. The addiction-Stroop task is a paradigm used to assess this distraction. The empirical evidence for the addiction-Stroop effect is critically reviewed, and meta-analyses of alcohol-related and smoking-related studies are presented. Studies finding the strongest effects were those in which participants had strong current concerns about an addictive substance or such concerns were highlighted through experimental manipulations, especially those depriving participants of the substance. Theories to account for addiction-related attentional bias are discussed, of which the motivational theory of current concerns appears to provide the most complete account of the phenomenon. Recommendations are made for maximizing the precision of the addiction-Stroop test in future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Combined specialty training in counseling, clinical, and school psychology: An idea whose time has returned.

The specialties of clinical, counseling, and school psychology have traditionally had much in common. Arising from common roots, they became differentiated in response to the demands of a changing society and to the evolution of distinctive domains of academic study. In recent years, however, forces within both the science and the practice of these specialties suggest the presence of certain advantages of reuniting, in a limited and practiced way, the scientific and practical foundations of the specialties. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effect of placement instability on adopted children's inhibitory control abilities and oppositional behavior.

This study assessed relations among placement instability, inhibitory control, and caregiver-rated child behavior. The sample included 33 adopted children who had experienced placement instability, 42 adopted children who had experienced 1 stable placement, and 27 children never placed in foster care. Five- and 6-year-old children completed the day-night task, which requires children to inhibit a prepotent response, and a control task that presents similar memory demands but does not require inhibition (C. L. Gerstadt, Y. J. Hong, & A. Diamond, 1994). Adopted children who had experienced placement instability performed worse on the inhibition task than did both other groups of children, when the authors controlled for age, verbal intelligence (as measured with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence--Revised; D. Wechsler, 1989; or the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test--Third Edition; L. M. Dunn & L. M. Dunn, 1997), and control task performance (p.05). These results suggest that placement instability may adversely affect the social-emotional development of adopted children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

党校教育作用及当前困境

党校作为党委的重要部门,培养了大批党政干部。作为特殊的学校,为党与政府各项方针政策提供理论依据,为党政干部思想交流提供重要平台。随着社会的发展和时代的变革,当前党校面临着办学方向的困境、人事薪酬管理的困境和培训工作本身的困境。党校教育必须从封闭走向开放,从双轨制走向统一制度分类管理,从重视投入转向结果引导,不断推进党校教育事业与时俱进,健康发展。