固定化脂肪酶催化菜籽油合成蜡酯

以菜籽油、鲸蜡醇为原料,采用实验室自制的固定化Candidia sp.99-125脂肪酶分别在有机溶剂和无溶剂体系下合成了蜡酯,在两种体系下对影响蜡酯合成的各种因素进行了比较研究,研究表明:以正己烷为反应介质,在40℃条件下反应12h,油醇摩尔比1∶2,酶量15%(质量分数,上同),水含量7.5%,蜡酯产率可达85.87%;无溶剂体系中在50℃条件下反应20h,油醇摩尔比1∶1.5,蜡酯产率可达80.68%。通过流加鲸蜡醇可以提高酶的使用寿命。     

磁性壳聚糖纳米复合材料固定化褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶催化合成木质甾醇酯

以磁性壳聚糖纳米复合材料共价固定的褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶为催化剂,以木质甾醇和油酸为原料,对木质甾醇油酸酯的酶法合成工艺条件进行了优化。得到的最佳工艺条件为：催化剂用量12.7%（以底物总质量计）,油酸与木质甾醇物质的量比为2∶1,木质甾醇质量浓度为122.9 g/L,反应温度50℃,反应时间24 h。在该条件下,木质甾醇转化率为96.42%。对月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸不同碳链长度的脂肪酸或混合脂肪酸进行酯化反应,木质甾醇的转化率可达96.67%～98.74%,催化剂使用5次时,转化率仍可达82.45%。     

醋酸纤维素固定化脂肪酶催化猪油合成单甘酯

以醋酸纤维素固定化猪胰脂肪酶催化猪油甘油解反应合成单甘酯。反应温度在猪油熔点附近(32℃),甘油与酶摩尔比为4∶1,甘油含水量为4%,反应在20h达到平衡。可获得单甘酯的最高产率,为50 05%。     

醋酸纤维素固定化脂肪酶催化猪油合成单甘酯

以醋酸纤维素固定化猪胰脂肪酶催化猪油甘油解反应合成单甘酯，反应温度在猪油熔点附近（32℃），甘油与酶摩尔比为4：1，甘油含水量为4%，反应在20h达到平衡，可获得单甘酯的最高产率，为50.05%。     

无溶剂体系中脂肪酶催化亚麻油水解反应研究

研究了，无溶剂体系中脂肪酶催化的亚麻油水解反应。考察了反应温度、脂肪酶用量、水／亚麻油摩尔比等因素对反应速率及转化率的影响。结果表明，脂肪酶最佳使用温度范围、最大活性温度及完全失活温度分别为：33℃～37℃，35℃，45℃；n(水)：n(亚麻油)为30：l；脂肪酶用量以占反应物总质量的5％为宜。研究结果为开发α-亚麻酸的酶法生产工艺提供了基础数据。     

明胶固定化猪胰脂肪酶催化牛油合成单甘酯

用包埋法将猪胰脂肪酶固定于明胶上，固定化的脂肪酶保持了较高酶活性。用固定化的脂肪酶催化牛油甘油解反应，当反应温度为46℃、n(甘油）：n(牛油）为4：1和甘油含水量为5％时，可获单甘酯质量分数达52．50％，反应在22h左右达到平衡，反应混合物常温下放置质量分数继续提高，4d后产率达82．29％。     

固定化少根根霉发酵产脂肪酶及催化合成单甘酯

采用多种载体固定少根根霉细胞发酵产脂肪酶，发现珍珠岩和聚氨酯泡沫比较适合作固定化载体，发酵液酶活性比无载体直接发酵高6~8倍，而且产酶后固定化根霉细胞的废载体有较高酶活性，可直接作固定化细胞用于催化化学反应. 对根霉脂肪酶的性质进行了初步探讨. 提取的脂肪酶和固定化根霉细胞用于催化合成单甘酯，效果显著.     

CaCO3粉沫作载体固定化脂肪酶催化合成单甘酯

研究了以CaCO粉末为载体吸附法固定化脂肪酶的方法。结果表明,当酶的用量为CaCO3质量的0.3g.g^-1,吸附时间1.5h,所得固定化酶活最高,为158.1UCaCO3/g.min,研究了固定化酶催化棕榈油固相甘油解反应合成单甘酯工艺条件,结果表明,固定化酶加入量为150U/g油,甘油与棕榈油摩尔比为4：1,甘油中水的含量为4％,于28℃反应24h,然后将反应体系的温度降至室温（13℃－15℃）,9天后单甘酯的含量达33．4％,该固定化酶很容易从反应体系中回收,重复使用5次,酶活保留73．37％。     

CaCO_3粉末作载体固定化脂肪酶催化合成单甘酯

研究了以CaCO3 粉末为载体吸附法固定化脂肪酶的方法。结果表明 ,当酶的用量为CaCO3 质量的 0 3g g-1,吸附时间 1 5h ,所得固定化酶活最高 ,为 15 8 1UCaCO3/g min。研究了固定化酶催化棕榈油固相甘油解反应合成单甘酯工艺条件 ,结果表明 ,固定化酶加入量为 15 0U/g油 ,甘油与棕榈油摩尔比为 4∶1,甘油中水的含量为 4% ,于2 8℃反应 2 4h ,然后将反应体系的温度降至室温 ( 13℃～ 15℃ ) ,9天后单甘酯的含量达 33 4% ,该固定化酶很容易从反应体系中回收 ,重复使用 5次 ,酶活保留 73 37%     

无溶剂体系脂肪酶催化制阿魏酸双油酸甘油酯

在无溶剂体系中以分散在硅藻土上的褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶为催化剂,以阿魏酸乙酯与油酸甘油酯为原料,一步合成阿魏酸双油酸甘油酯。通过质谱和红外光谱对薄层层析分离纯化后的产物结构进行了表征。定量分析表明,当反应温度为50℃,n(阿魏酸乙酯)/n(油酸甘油酯)=1时,阿魏酸双油酸甘油酯的质量占生成物总质量分数较高。在1 mmoL阿魏酸乙酯,1 mmoL油酸甘油酯和70 mg脂肪酶组成的无溶剂反应体系中,50℃空气浴振荡120 h,总产率可达63.32%,其中阿魏酸双油酸甘油酯质量占生成物总质量的63.37%。     

无溶剂体系中固定化脂肪酶催化合成香茅醇酯

在无溶剂体系中以大孔树脂NKA吸附固定的褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶(Candida rugosalipase)为催化剂,以脂肪酸为酰基供体,酶法合成香茅醇脂肪酸酯。考察了褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶对酰基供体的选择性,以及反应温度、摇床转速、酶用量、底物比例及微量水添加等对酯化反应的影响,建立了无溶剂中香茅醇酯的酶法合成工艺。研究表明,在酸醇物质的量比为1,摇床转速为200 r/min,固定化酶用量为1250 U/L,反应温度为50℃,微量水添加量为4μL的条件下,反应10h,月桂酸香茅酯及油酸香茅酯的转化率分别可达95.6%和87.6%,明显高于在有机溶剂体系中的酯化率。     

Synthesis of Vitamin A Esters by Immobilized Candida sp. Lipase in Organic Media

Vitamin A ester was synthesized in organic solvents with immobilized lipase from Candida sp. The types of lipases, influences of solvent, the molar ratio of substrates, the reaction temperature and the water activity in the reaction were studied in detail in order to obtain the optimum conditions for Vitamin A palmitate synthesis. In a system of hexane, 100mg immobilized Candida sp. lipase was used in the presence of 1.2mmol vitamin A acetate and 3.6mmol palmitic acid. The yield of vitamin A palmitate reached 81% in 12h at 25℃. The immobilized Candida sp. lipase was prepared by adsorbing Cand/da sp. fermentation broth on pretreated textile and could be reused for at least six batches.     

固定化Candida sp. 99-125脂肪酶催化合成蜡酯(英文)

Wax esters were synthesized in a solvent free system catalyzed by immobilized lipase from Candida sp. 99-125, with oleic acid and cetyl alcohol. The effects of substrate molar ratio, lipase dosage and water removal were investigated in a 50 ml flask incubated in a thermostatic cultivation cabinet. The optimized conditions were: temperature 40 ℃, shaking at 170 r·min-1, acid/alcohol molar ratio 1:0.9, lipase dosage in 10% (by mass) of oleic acid, and open reaction for water removal. As a result, the conversion rate reached 98% for reaction of 8 h. The volume of reactor was scaled up to 1 L three-neck flask. The optimized parameters were: 200 r·min-1 agitation speed, 2.5% (by mass) lipase dosage, others were the same as the parameters described above. The conversion rate reached 95% for reaction of 24 h. The lipase retained 46% conversion rate after reuse for 6, 7 batches. The products were purified by removing remained cetyl alcohol and fatty acids with ethanol and saturated sodium carbonate so-lution, respectively. The purity of the wax ester, cetyl oleate, was 96%. The physical and chemical properties of cetyl oleate were tested and compared with those of jojoba oil. The results show that the product cetyl oleate has great potential to use as the substitute of natural jojoba oil.     

Application of Immobilized Lipase from Candida rugosa to Synthesis of Cholesterol Oleate

Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) has been immobilized on two kinds of ion-exchange resins, Duolite A 568 and Amberlite IRC 50. These preparations were investigated as a tool for the production of cholesterol oleate in organic media. An increase in temperature up to 40°C increased the rate of reaction and improved the final ester yield. Under optimal conditions, the reaction yield was followed as a time function, for both lipase preparations with an initial water content of 20%. Then, it was observed that about 78% of the oleic acid was esterified after 10 h using CRL immobilized on Duolite, whereas 73% synthesis of cholesterol oleate was reached with CRL immobilized on Amberlite, for the same incubation time. Also, a difference in reaction yield was noticed for the preparations containing sorbitol. In fact, sorbitol treatment might improve the activity of immobilized lipase by preserving the watershell around the catalyst and by increasing the accessibility of the active site to the substrates. In this way, the reaction yield was enhanced, and an increase of 10% synthesis of cholesterol oleate was obtained in both cases. © 1997 SCI.     

Synthesis of Isopropyl Palmitate by Lipase Immobilized on a Magnetized Polymer Matrix

Penicillium camemberti lipase immobilized on a magnetized poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) was used as a biocatalyst for isopropyl palmitate synthesis. The reaction conditions were determined by 2² factorial central composite design. A mathematical model based on a simplified kinetic approach was developed to describe the system and validated with the experimental data. An assay carried out in a stirred-tank reactor confirmed the proposed model. The ester was purified and the properties such as density and water content were similar to those found in commercially available isopropyl palmitate.     

固定化磷酸盐选择性催化合成2-O-己二酸单乙烯基蔗糖酯

因为蔗糖含有8个反应活性相近的羟基,蔗糖与脂肪酸酯的转酯化反应很难得到单一的产物,本研究以固定化磷酸盐作催化剂可以选择性地催化蔗糖和己二酸二乙烯酯(Divinyl adipate,DVA)的转酯化反应.方法是在含有磷酸盐的丙酮中加入酸洗过的硅藻土,振荡1 h,可制成固定化磷酸盐;取0.01 mol蔗糖和0.02 mol DVA,加入固定化磷酸盐10 g,以100 mL DMF为溶剂,在50℃、220 r·min~(-1)的恒温摇床中连续反应1 d,可以选择性地获得蔗糖单酯产品.转酯化反应的转化率和产率分别达到60.0%、54.8%.经过MS和~(13)C-NMR鉴定,转酯化位置为蔗糖基的C-2位,合成产物为2-O-己二酸单乙烯基蔗糖酯.     

气质联用法分析植物甾醇酯

建立了植物甾醇酯的气相色谱质谱分析方法。样品经正己烷超声溶解定容处理后,使用惠普6890-5973气相色谱质谱联用仪、DB-5HT色谱柱直接进行定性分析。本实验方法可靠,重复性好,专属性强,可用于植物甾醇酯中各组分的含量测定,以控制植物甾醇酯的质量,准确性和精确度高。     

有机相中壳聚糖-海藻酸固定化脂酶的特性

研究了壳聚糖 海藻酸固定化脂酶在有机相反应中的稳定性与活性。考察了凝胶时间、壳聚糖浓度及壳聚糖分子质量对固定化脂酶包埋率与活性的影响 ,确定了适宜 pH值与批反应时间。同时讨论了溶剂极性和操作时间对固定化酶稳定性的影响。测定了固定化脂酶水解橄榄油反应的动力学参数。结果表明 ,壳聚糖 海藻酸聚电解质膜可提高固定化酶的包埋率与稳定性     

一种选择性拆分布洛芬对映体的固定化脂肪酶

为了提高扩展青霉TS414脂肪酶(PEL)对布洛芬的拆分效率,建立了适于非水相中选择性拆分(R,S)-布洛芬的固定化方法. 结果表明,固定化介质的类型、冻干pH和外加水量等因素对固定化PEL酶促拆分(R,S)-布洛芬有较大影响. 在冻干pH为9.0、外加水量为0、以大孔吸附树脂AB-8为固定化载体的体系中,40℃反应30 h后,拆分反应的转化率可达47%,对映体过量值eeP可达98.75%. AB-8固定化后,PEL在有机相反应体系中的分散性得到了明显改善,大幅度提高了酶促拆分反应的效率;大孔吸附树脂AB-8固定化PEL具有较高的操作稳定性,连续10批拆分反应的平均转化率在47%以上,eeP值均稳定在98%以上.     

叔戊醇/水两相体系脂肪酶催化合成蔗糖酯

以叔戊醇／水两相体系作为反应体系,利用脂肪酶催化的蔗糖和乙酸乙烯酯的转酯化反应来合成蔗糖酯,并考察了不同的两相体积比,温度,水相pH,酶量,糖与酰基供体比例,反应时间对蔗糖转化率的影响。结果表明这种方法是可行的．主要产物为蔗糖6-乙酸酯。发现在两相体系水体积含量为20％时．开始有蔗糖6-乙酸酯生成,然后随着水含量提高,蔗糖转化率逐渐提高,水含量在90％时,蔗糖转化率最大。但是当水含量为100％,蔗糖转化率只有2．1％。当温度为45℃,水相pH为8．0,酶量为300U。蔗糖3mmol。乙酸乙烯酯为12mmol,反应24h,蔗糖转化率达到19．8％。