The 3GPP proposal for IMT-2000

Market expectations for third-generation mobile radio systems (IMT-2000) show an increasing demand for a wide range of services from voice to low, high, and advanced data rate services to support mobile multimedia. This leads to technical requirements for IMT-2000 which are currently being standardized worldwide. Circuit- and packet-oriented services will be supported. These systems will operate in all radio environments to provide service to anyone, anytime, anywhere. The ITU has identified spectrum for the allocation of IMT-2000. However, these frequency bands are currently not available worldwide. In different regions research activities on IMT-2000 have been initiated to support the international consensus building process and standardization activities. Based on these activities system proposals have been submitted to ITU TG 8/1. In particular, the newly formed Third Generation Partnership Projects 3GPP and 3GPP2 have the objective of harmonizing similar proposals and defining detailed standards. Proposals from Europe, Japan, Korea, and the United States are very similar. The evolution and migration of second-generation systems to the third generation takes into account the deployed investment to save today's investment where useful and necessary. This article focuses on market and technical requirements and, in particular, the technical approach of 3GPP based on the big footprint of the GSM system     

IMT—2000系统网络概述

简要介绍了国际电联 (ITU)建议的 IMT- 2 0 0 0网络技术方面的特点 ,以及 ITU的相关建议制订情况 ,阐述了IMT- 2 0 0 0家族的概念、网络的兼容和过渡及网络实现的原则和方案。     

Harmonization of global third generation mobile systems

The International Telecommunication Union launched the third-generation project in 1986 with the aim to provide global personal communication using an inexpensive mobile terminal that can truly facilitate communication "anywhere, anytime". In previous years, standardization activities toward IMT-2000 have accelerated toward concrete specifications. By June 1998, a total of 15 proposals from around the world had been submitted to the ITU as radio transmission technology candidates. Since then, the 3G standardization landscape has seen many changes-a steady progression of the convergence process. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the worldwide harmonization efforts on the standardization of third-generation terrestrial mobile communication systems. The status, as of October 1999 when this article was written, of the technical specifications within 3G partnership projects are also summarized.     

An overview of CDMA evolution toward wideband CDMA

Third-generation mobile radio networks, often dubbed as 3G, have been under intense research and discussion recently and will emerge around the year 2000. In the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), third generation networks are called International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), and in Europe, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). IMT-2000 will provide a multitude of services, especially multimedia and high-bit-rate packet data. Wideband code division multiple access (CDMA) has emerged as the mainstream air interface solution for the third-generation networks. In Europe, Japan, Korea, and the United States, wideband CDMA systems are currently being standarized. This article provides a comprehensive introduction to wideband CDMA. It also provides a review of the wideband CDMA air interface proposals including WCDMA in Europe and Japan, cdma2000 in the United States, and wideband CDMA in Korea.     

Satellite UMTS/IMT2000 W-CDMA air interfaces

The third-generation IMT-2000 initiative of the International Telecommunication Union is aiming at the provision of a limited family of global standards providing worldwide multimedia wireless services in a host of environments encompassing indoor picocells to satellite megacells. The ITU IMT-2000 initiative has been supported by several regional standardization bodies such as the European Telecommunication Standard Institute with its Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. In this article a few air interface proposals for the satellite component of UMTS/IMT-2000 based on adaptation of the emerging terrestrial wideband CDMA standards are reviewed. In particular, S-UMTS requirements are examined together with W-CDMA applicability to the satellite environment. It is shown that with minor adaptations, the terrestrial W-CDMA air interface provides an efficient solution for the satellite UMTS component. This commonality will certainly help in the realization of low-cost low-size dual-mode user terminals encompassing both terrestrial and satellite components     

5G核心网标准化进展及B5G演进初探

为了给后续B5G核心网技术研究和标准化提供思路,首先介绍了5G核心网的服务化架构,描述了网络切片、边缘计算等关键技术;然后介绍了3GPP R15核心网标准化成果,提出了5G核心网系统架构,并介绍了R16在固移融合、5G LAN、TSN等方向的核心网标准化进展;其次介绍了ITU IMT-2020核心网标准化进展,包括IMT-2020核心网架构,给出了B5G核心网演进思路分析,提出网络极简化、行业专网增强、网络智能化、uRLLC、mMTC、天地一体化等5G核心网演进方向,并提供了3GPP、ITU的B5G核心网标准化最新进展;最后提出B5G核心网技术方案研究和标准化应覆盖全部的主流技术方向,面向未来做好技术能力储备。     

TD-LTE-Advanced国际标准历程

2000年5月,中国提交的TD-SCDMA技术被国际电联接受为IMT-2000（3G）的国际标准;2010年10月,国际电联WP5D工作组确认中国提交的TD-LTE-Advanced技术成为IMT-Ad-vanced（4G）国际标准。从TD-SCDMA到TD-LTE-Advanced,10年时间里中国已经打造了比较完整地TD产业链,并在积极推动移动通信产业的发展。     

Investigation of CDMA Air Interface and Protocols

This appendix deals with the Korean air interface standard, TTA-62, for CDMA Mobile Systems (CMS) [1]-[2]. The standard has been set up by Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) which is a standardization organization in Korea [3]. This standard is an important specification that should be determined prior to the development of a digital cellular system. The CMS has been developed on the basis of this standard and the papers published in this special issue are the results of the CMS development. This appendix also describes the technical commonality of these papers. It covers the outline of the air interface and protocol specifications. The outline includes its major characteristics, radio protocol architecture, functionalties, and call processing. A comparison is also given between TTA-62 and IS-95 [4], a North American digital cellular standard.     

B3G研究与标准化进展

在市场业务需求与无线新技术发展的联合驱动下,B3G将要从研究领域的热点进入实际的产业化应用过程.本文以ITU对于IMT-Advanced的工作计划为线索,结合IEEE、3GPP/3GPP2等国际标准化组织的技术发展情况,介绍关于B3G的研究与标准化进展.     

The current situation of IMT-2000 standardization activities inJapan

This article provides an overview of the current IMT-2000 standardization activities in Japan. This article includes three main points, namely a guideline for introducing IMT-2000 into the Japanese market, radio transmission technology and an outline of the proposal to ITU-R, and key issues of network aspects     

Shaping future telecommunications: the challenge of globalstandardization

Rapid changes in telecommunication technologies and the telecommunications environment are presenting new opportunities and challenges to global telecommunication standardization. This article begins with a short introduction of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), its structure and main responsibilities, before focusing on global standardization at ITU. But first one must take note of one important point: on March 1, 1993 a major structural reform of the ITU was implemented. Among other important changes, CCITT ceased to exist, and was resurrected as the new ``ITU Standardization Sector.' It is for this reason that the readers will find the term ``CCITT' used for the standardization activities up to February 28, 1993; after this date, the new term ``ITU Standardization Sector' (ITU-T) will be applied. The same situation exists for many other terms as well. It is hoped that the explanations provided in the text are clear enough to assist readers in understanding which new terms have come into use to replace the traditional terms that have been in use for so many years     

超3G研究的最新进展

超3G在ITU—R范围内的各项研究工作还刚刚开始．基本上还处于制定工作计划的阶段。但目前关于对超3G频率需求计算方法的研究．已经有一些国家提出了自己的建议，主要是日本和德国。超3G研究工作。特别是频谱计算、业务预制、新的无线接入和核心网技术方面研究工作的开展，对我国的研究机构、相关公司和高校都是一个继续赶超世界先进通信技术．获取成果的绝好机会。     

IMT-Advanced信道建模探讨

作为第四代移动通信技术,高级国际移动通信（IMT-Advanced,International Mobile Telecom Advanced）相比于第三代移动通信技术（IMT-2000,International Mobile Telecom System-200）,能够提供更高的数据速率和更好的用户体验。为了适应新的无线传播特性,国际电信联盟（ITU,International Telecommunications Union）提出了相关的测试环境和评估场景,这对开展相关技术研究,系统评估和测试具有重要的意义。IMT-Advanced信道模型的建立,相比与早期的模型更加完善,也更加准确,适于在不同场景下对无线传播特性进行分析和研究。     

Current development of IMT-2000 in China

This article describes the current development of mobile communications in China, including market demand, operators, and technologies. The reasons China put great emphasis on IMT-2000 research and development are discussed. An IMT-2000-related organization structure is given, and their different responsibility and latest progress are also described. Finally, the author gives some viewpoints on IMT-2000     

第三代移动通信标准IMT-2000的统一

第三代移动通信统一的标准 IMT- 2 0 0 0终于诞生了。文中回顾了第三代移动通信标准统一的进程 ,对统一的标准中“日欧方式”的 W- CDMA和“北美方式”的 cdm a2 0 0 0进行了比较分析 ,介绍了我国在标准统一过程中所做的工作 ,最后 ,提出应抓住标准统一的契机积极开展研究、开发和产业准备 ,以改变我国移动通信产业落后的面貌     

Mobile WiMAX systems: performance and evolution

Mobile WiMAX was successfully adopted by ITU as one of the IMT-2000 technologies in November 2007. Since then mobile WiMAX (a.k.a. IP-OFDMA) has officially become a major global cellular wireless standard along with 3GPP UMTS/HSPA and 3GPP2 CDMA/ EVDO. Mobile WiMAX is an OFDM-based technology available for deployment today, and new WIMAX devices come to market at much reduced cost than that of current 3G solutions. Currently over 260 service providers are deploying fixed, portable and mobile WiMAX networks in 110 countries. This article provides an overview of the mobile WiMAX system and its performance under various configurations, channel conditions, and types of data traffic. Furthermore, the article provides an overview of mobile WiMAX evolution.     

UMTS/IMT-2000 based on wideband CDMA

The UMTS terrestrial radio access is based on wideband 4.096 Mchip/s DS-CDMA technology. UTRA will be connected to an evolved GSM core network for both circuit and packet services. A merger between ETSI/Europe and ARIB/Japan based on W-CDMA, a GSM core network, and a common frequency allocation according to the ITU Recommendation of 2 GHz makes a global IMT-2000 standard feasible. UTRA based on W-CDMA fully supports the UMTS/IMT-2000 requirements (e.g., support of 384 kb/s for wide-area coverage and 2 Mb/s for local coverage). Furthermore, the air interface has flexible support of mixed services, variable-rate services, and an efficient packet mode. Key W-CDMA features also include improved basic capacity/coverage performance compared to second-generation systems, full support of adaptive antenna arrays, support of hierarchical cell structures with interfrequency handover, and support of asynchronous inter-base-station operation. There have been no constraints due to the strong requirements for backward compatibility with second-generation systems. This has facilitated a high degree of flexibility and a future-proof air interface. Extensive evaluations by means of simulations and field trials have been carried out by a number of companies, and full system tests are ongoing. Consequently, W-CDMA technology can now be regarded as a mature technology, ready to provide the basis for UMTS/IMT-2000     

An overview of air interface multiple access for IMT-2000/UMTS

The basis for any air interface design is how the common transmission medium is shared between users (i.e., multiple access scheme). The underlying multiple access method for all mobile radio systems is FDMA. The performance of TDMA and CDMA has been subject to vigorous debate, without any definitive conclusions. This article gives an overview of worldwide research and standardization activities related to the multiple access schemes for third-generation mobile communications systems IMT-2000 and UMTS     

UMTS overview

The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formally adopted by the ITU as a member of its family of IMT-2000 Third Generation Mobile Communication standards in November 1999. This paper provides some background to the UMTS standard and an overview of the system architecture. Some information about the current status of technology trials is provided as well as predictions for the services that future UMTS networks are likely to deliver to the end user     

Cell phones answer Internet's call

Cellular service providers, handset manufacturers, and system integrators are captivated by the promise of the wireless Internet using third generation cellular telephony. The leading contender to be the global standard for third-generation cellular telephony is the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). This is a wideband CDMA system designed to be smoothly backward-compatible with GSM, and also the leading member of the IMT-2000 family of third-generation systems sponsored by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The developments of this technology and its impact on the telecommunications industry worldwide are discussed