共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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石油中沥青质分子的缔合聚集现象对于石油(尤其是重质油或致密油藏等非常规石油)的开采、储运、加工等具有重要影响,直接决定了原油的体相和界面性质,是矿物或管道器壁表面石油组分吸附沉积、油水(固)乳化、原油高黏等现象的主要成因。系统地综述了沥青质分子间缔合现象及理论发展,从分子间非共价相互作用角度探究了沥青质分子缔合聚集的作用机制,阐述了静电与色散作用主导的非共价相互作用对于沥青质缔合聚集的决定性影响规律。在此基础上,总结了近年来分子模拟等理论计算与界面表征技术在沥青质界面现象研究中的应用现状与发展方向。最后,基于沥青质分子缔合现象与理论,探讨了其在固体表面吸脱附、沉积、分散、破乳技术开发、降黏技术开发等领域的应用与思考。 相似文献
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沥青作为高分子聚合物,其成分、结构复杂,普通宏观实验无法研究其自愈合时内部结构的变化。为研究探寻沥青胶结料自愈合的特点,本文从高分子聚合物的角度出发,分析总结沥青胶结料自愈合微观机理;研究沥青分子模型构建的2类方法,指出沥青分子模型组合法与沥青平均分子模拟的区别;提出沥青分子结构模型合理性验证的4类方法,即沥青分子密度、径向分布函数(RDF)、溶解度参数与内聚能计算、玻璃态转化温度;提出以沥青分子的均方位移(MSD)和扩散系数等参量作为评定指标判定沥青胶结料的自愈合程度;将沥青分子自愈合性能的影响因素归纳为愈合温度、沥青内部结构特征,并归纳总结了目前沥青分子自愈合行为分子动力学模拟面临的问题与发展方向。 相似文献
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Chau‐Chyun Chen 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2016,62(4):1254-1264
Asphaltene precipitation has been a major concern for petroleum industry due to its adverse effect on upstream production, midstream transportation, and downstream refining. As a complex phenomenon involving solubility, aggregation, and clustering, asphaltene precipitation has been extensively investigated and correlated with empirical models and equations. Based on the insight regarding hierarchical structure of asphaltenes recently elucidated by Mullins, we present a thermodynamic formulation for asphaltene aggregation, the onset of asphaltene precipitation. The thermodynamic formulation accounts for asphaltene aggregation driving force as a two‐step process: (1) molecular asphaltene forming imaginary “nanocrystals”, and (2) “nanocrystals” re‐dissolving as colloidal nanoaggregates. Applying UNIFAC with this thermodynamic formulation, we show semi‐quantitative predictions of asphaltene precipitation in 13 binary solvents with wide varieties of chemical structures and solvent combinations. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1254–1264, 2016 相似文献
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A laser particle analyzer was used to study the formation of asphaltene agglomerates from Cold Lake bitumen due to the introduction of paraffinic diluents. The growth of the particles over time was investigated, and it was found that asphaltene particle growth is essentially an instantaneous process; that is, the final agglomerate size is reached within 5 seconds. The type of diluent used to precipitate the asphaltenes was determined to have a major effect on the size distribution of asphaltene agglomerates. The average particle size of asphaltene agglomerates ranged from 169 ptn for n-hexadecane to 299m for n-pentane. A relationship is shown to exist between the average particle size of asphaltene agglomerates and the carbon number of the diluent used. 相似文献
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The carbonaceous mesophase transformation in two coal-derived liquid asphaltenes, Catalytic Incorporated and FMC-COED, has been studied using Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The Catalytic Incorporated asphaltene forms a coarse, deformed mesophase and the FMC-COED asphaltene forms a fine, isotropic mesophase. The FMC-COED asphaltene has more oxygen and aliphatic functional groups than that of the Catalytic Incorporated. FTIR analysis shows that oxygen remains in the pyrolysis residues in carbonyl and ether groups for both asphaltenes, but there appears to be more ether in the FMC-COED residues. The aliphatic functional groups in the FMC-COED asphaltene appear to crack off and react with the molecules in the pyrolysate and suppress mesophase growth. 相似文献
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萃取反应和传质大多发生在溶液相界面,而萃取体系的新相生成和相分离行为取决于溶液相内分子微观聚集结构的变化。研究萃取分离过程溶液相内及相界面发生的各种分子间弱相互作用及其随萃取反应条件的变化、加和与协同效应,是国际上萃取分离化学化工的前沿热点,对于深入认识萃取分离过程微观机理、调控分离选择性具有重要意义。本文从萃取分离体系的界面分子间相互作用出发,总结评述了国内外近年来利用各种实验手段表征液液萃取分离体系分子间弱相互作用的一些代表性工作和最新研究进展。 相似文献
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煤焦油通过溶剂分析可定量分离为三部分:甲苯不溶物、沥青质和油相。本文主要研究了煤焦油在此分离过程中芳烃溶剂类型、萃取方法、甲苯溶液浓缩量、烷烃溶剂类型和正庚烷溶剂与甲苯溶液浓缩量的添加比例对煤焦油沥青质沉淀量的影响。结果表明,甲苯溶液浓缩量、正庚烷与甲苯溶液浓缩量的添加比例对沥青质沉淀量的影响较大,萃取方法次之,将苯替换成甲苯影响最小。当选择甲苯溶解煤焦油,超声萃取3h,甲苯溶液浓缩量9mL,正庚烷与甲苯溶液浓缩液的添加比例为20∶1时,煤焦油沥青质的沉淀量为13.4%。本实验表明煤焦油的分离工艺会影响沥青质沉淀量,故在研究煤焦油沥青质性质和结构时需注明沥青质的沉淀分离条件。 相似文献
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The pyrolysis of a petroleum asphaltene in tetralin donor solvent at 450 °C has been examined, and the products characterized by elemental, molecular weight, n.m.r. and g.c.-m.s. analysis. Degradation to mainly lower molecular weight products takes place, the residual asphaltene having a smaller average cluster size, higher aromaticity and a heteroatom content resistant to further reaction. β-bond scission is important in the early stages of reaction. 相似文献
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聚集态结构是实现聚乙烯高性能化的关键因素之一,本文从初生态聚乙烯聚集态结构设计出发,针对初生态超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)普遍存在的缠结过多、黏度过大、加工成型困难等问题,综述了初生态聚乙烯链缠结的表征方法、调控手段及其在聚乙烯产品高性能化中的作用等研究进展。重点从催化剂结构设计和聚合工艺设计两方面介绍了初生态聚乙烯链缠结的调控方法,提出在催化剂表面增大活性链生长间距(空间尺度)和聚合过程中引入“纳微气泡辅助的活性链休眠工艺”强化链结晶速率(时间尺度),缩小“链增长-链结晶”的“剪刀差”。上述两种调控方法为满足工业苛刻的生产要求基础上,实现低缠结聚乙烯的高效制备提供了理论指导。 相似文献