关于储罐液位报警值设定的探讨

基于化工企业中使用到各种规格和容积的储罐,文章初步分析了目前为不同容积储罐设定报警值的常用方法,进一步探讨了液位报警的设定高度值与储罐容量之间的相互关系,最后针对性地给出了设定报警值的补充建议。     

20～30万方LNG储罐干燥置换系统优化设计探讨

大型液化天然气（LNG）储罐在投产进液前,需使用惰性气体（一般为N2）对储罐内部进行干燥置换。相比传统16万方储罐,更大容积的20～30万方LNG储罐对罐底干燥置换系统结构要求更高,因此传统16万方储罐底部的氮气置换系统的管道布置方式、布孔设置和数量等已不能满足更大容积储罐氮气置换的要求。以国内某20万方LNG储罐项目为例,对LNG储罐底部绝热层中氮气管道系统的结构和布置方式进行了优化。通过工程项目实际数据证实,优化后的氮气置换系统的进气速率、置换时间等指标都明显得到了提升,实施效果良好。     

2×105 m3 LNG储罐设计与建造

LNG储罐作为LNG接收站重要的核心设备,其特点是结构复杂、投资巨大,运行工况严苛且安全性要求极高。主流的LNG储罐为容积1.6×10~5m~3的全容式LNG储罐。随着LNG储罐设计、建造技术不断发展,近年来新建和扩建的LNG储罐呈现出单体罐容大型化的趋势。LNG储罐大型化意味着更先进的技术、更良好的经济性。2016年11月,国内第一座2×10~5m~3全容式LNG储罐正式投入使用。经过两年多的运行,各项指标达到了设计要求,成为迄今为止我国单体罐容最大、国产化率最高的大型LNG储罐。就国内最大容积的2×10~5m~3 LNG储罐的设计技术特点和创新点、材料的国产化应用、储罐施工建造技术以及技术经济性进行介绍。     

椭圆形油罐车不同液位下的容积计算及应用

在实际生产中,对于储存油品的卧式储罐,常常需要计算储罐内部液体的容积,并据此计算液体的质量。对标准椭圆形封头卧式储罐在不同液面高度下的容积计算,并据此进行了公式推导,并对产生误差的原因及实际应用进行了分析。     

基于不同等效方法的储罐内爆载荷计算与结构破坏分析

以不同容积拱顶储罐为研究对象,分别基于CFD方法和TNT当量法建立储罐内爆模型,研究二者在不同爆心距、不同容积下的结构破坏规律.研究结果表明:使用CFD方法时,可燃气云爆炸压力随着爆心距的增大而增大,使用TNT当量法时爆炸压力变化规律则相反;采用CFD方法得到的储罐破坏时间差别不大,不同工况下最大时长与最小时长相差25...     

关于钢制立式圆筒形储罐容积的探讨

设计高质量的储罐,除了掌握储罐本身的知识外,还要了解与储罐工艺系统方面的有关知识,本文叙述了工艺及设备设计中常见的储罐容积的基本概念,以便更全面考虑储罐设计和运行的各种问题,提高储罐容积的利用率。     

屈服强度490MPa(50kgf/mm~2)级压力容器用钢在球形压力容器(储罐)设计中的应用

炼油、化工装置及城市煤气工程的气体、液化气体原料、燃料及产品贮存,均需要采用容积大、受力条件好、便于就地组焊的球形储罐。随着装置的大型化,球形储罐的容积也在逐渐加大,当其 P·D 值(压力与直径的乘积)超过32000 MPa mm 时,常用的 O_s<400 MPa 的压力容器用钢已不能满足设计建造此类高参数球     

大型LNG储罐液位控制设定优化

在中国现有的大型LNG接收站中所有的大型LNG储罐几乎全部采用16万方地上全容储罐,但由于各个项目对储罐液位控制的设定要求不尽相同,这造成储罐实际容积存在一定差异,通过分析各项目招标时对LNG储罐液位控制的要求,结合罐内泵厂家资料以及接收站生产运行状态,对LNG储罐液位控制的设定要求提出新的优化建议。     

我国自主设计建造最大直径16万方LNG储罐升顶

<正>记者30日从中国海洋石油总公司获悉,我国首个完全自主设计建造的最大直径16万方大型LNG(液化天然气)储罐在天津成功实现气压升顶作业。升顶作业应用5项我国自主专利技术,填补了我国在这一领域的技术空白,对LNG产业发展具有重要意义。LNG储罐是LNG接收站的核心装置,也是投资最大的单体设施。此次升顶的LNG储罐容积16万方,直径84米,高52米,储罐内可以叠放三架波音777大型客机。     

低温液氨储罐充水试验边缘板翘曲的原因分析

对容积为8000 m~3低温液氨储罐,充水试验过程中罐底边缘板发生翘曲变形的原因进行了分析。对其设计、用材及施工工艺进行了调查研究,发现储罐罐底的最终坡度不满足设计1/120的要求和储罐锚固带上下带未相连接,导致了罐底边缘板的翘曲变形。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.