离心静电纺丝制备异麦芽酮糖醇纤维膜

可食用膜具有可食用、可降解以及绿色无污染等特点，具有极大的市场应用价值和良好的开发前景。利用熔体微分离心静电纺丝法制备可食用的异麦芽酮糖醇纤维膜，通过正交实验探究工艺参数对纤维形貌及吸湿保水性能的影响。结果表明，离心盘转速对纤维平均直径、纤维膜吸湿性影响较大，纺丝电压对纤维直径均匀性、纤维膜保水性影响较大。当纺丝温度为150℃、离心盘转速为3 000 r/min、纺丝电压为30 kV时，可制备平均直径为5.38μm、标准差为1.04μm的纤维膜；此时，纤维膜的吸湿率为25.36%,保水率为95.76%。通过熔体微分离心静电纺丝制备了异麦芽酮糖醇纤维膜，为其在可食用膜领域的应用提供了基础。     

超细纤维熔体微分静电纺丝原理及设备

聚合物静电纺丝制备微纳米超细纤维的技术路线有两条：溶液法和熔体法。溶液法简单易行,但是存在溶剂污染和纤维孔洞等问题,工业化应用受到限制;熔体法无污染,纤维密实,但粘度大,纤维粗,产量低,而且设备复杂,因而研究较少。针对传统毛细管静电纺丝的不足,本文提出了聚合物熔体微分静电纺丝原理,自主研制出的5代仪器设备持续开展了一系列聚合物熔体微分静电纺丝的实验研究,所制备的超细纤维质地密实光滑,直径范围200-800nm,但喷头产量比毛细管提高2个数量级,从而为工业化应用奠定了基础。     

不同溶剂对静电纺聚乳酸纳米纤维形态结构的影响

以聚乳酸（PLA）为原料,分别用三种不同的溶剂制得三种纺丝液并采用静电纺丝法,制备了聚乳酸纳米纤维。探讨了溶剂、电压、溶液质量分数对纤维形貌和直径的影响。结果表明,溶剂是决定PLA超细纤维形成的关键因素,三氯甲烷（CHC l3）与二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）混合溶剂（体积比为9∶1）是PLA静电纺丝较为理想的溶剂。在PLA质量分数为6%、极距15 cm、电压25 kV,流量2.5 mL/h的工艺条件下,可制备直径为1 200 nm左右的PLA纤维。     

熔体法同轴电纺PP/(PLA+PEG)核壳超细纤维

采用自制的熔体同轴静电纺丝装置,通过控制壳层聚丙烯(PP)与核层聚乳酸(PLA)+聚乙二醇(PEG)的流量大小,制备不同直径、不同结构和不同热焓的核壳结构纤维。研究结果表明,在总流量不变的情况下,核层PLA+PEG流量增加,获得的纤维直径增大,1 g/h时平均直径为2.4μm,5 g/h时为6μm;PLA+PEG与PP流量相差越大,纤维直径越不均匀,内外层结构也越不均匀;PLA+PEG流量增大,制备的纤维热焓增大。为获得直径均匀、结构均匀、热焓较大的核壳结构超细纤维,PLA+PEG与PP流量比值控制在1~2倍较佳。     

静电纺丝制备聚醚酮酮超细纤维

用溶液静电纺丝方法制备了聚醚酮酮超细纤维,用扫描电子显微镜研究了实验过程中纺丝电压、纺丝距离、流量、纺丝液浓度对于聚醚酮酮纤维直径和形貌的影响,并对多个纺丝参数的影响规律进行了分析。实验结果表明,在一定条件下纺丝电压和纺丝距离对纤维直径影响较小,而流量和纺丝液浓度能显著影响纤维直径,在小流量、低浓度容易得到较细的纤维,并且纤维直径分布集中。     

熔体微分静电纺PLA/PEG/SDBS纤维膜的制备及无动力水输运性能分析

亲水纤维膜具有毛细作用，水分可以在纤维中沿着不同方向进行输送，是一种理想的土壤保湿材料。采用熔体微分静电纺丝技术，在聚乳酸(PLA)中引入亲水剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)及增塑剂聚乙二醇(PEG),制备亲水性PLA/PEG/SDBS纤维膜，探究复合材料中SDBS含量对纤维微观形貌及纤维膜亲水性能的影响。结果表明，随着共混体系中SDBS含量的增加，平均纤维直径呈先增大后减小，纤维膜吸水倍率、平均输水速率及平均芯吸高度总体呈上升趋势。在纺丝电压为35 kV、纺丝距离8 cm的工艺参数下，当共混体系中SDBS含量为1.5%时，平均纤维直径为3.38μm、吸水倍率为19.37倍、平均输水速率为6 g/min、平均芯吸高度为10.23 cm。利用熔体微分电纺技术实现亲水性PLA/PEG/SDBS纤维膜的制备，无动力水输运性能的研究为其在土壤微灌、光热界面蒸发等领域中的应用提供了基础。     

相对分子质量调节剂在PP熔体微分静电纺丝中的纤维细化作用

利用自制熔体微分静电纺丝装置,添加相对分子质量调节剂CR76,进行聚丙烯(PP)熔体微分静电纺丝,讨论了CR76含量及纺丝温度对PP熔体黏度及纤维直径的影响。结果表明:在200~280℃加工温度下,添加质量分数2%~10%CR76的PP熔体黏度降低到纯PP的25%以下;提高CR76含量与纺丝温度有助于PP纤维直径细化;添加质量分数10%CR76,纺丝温度280℃,制备的PP纤维直径大都小于1μm,平均直径可达970 nm。     

离心静电纺丝法制备聚醚酮酮纳米纤维

用离心静电纺丝方法,将国产化的高性能工程塑料聚醚酮酮(PEKK)制备成PEKK纳米纤维。对PEKK离心静电纺丝的可纺性、纺丝规律以及最终纤维的性能进行了研究。结果显示,离心静电纺丝能很好解决溶液浓度高、溶剂挥发困难的问题,PEKK的离心静电纺丝可纺性很好,溶液浓度的控制对于纤维形貌和直径影响明显,纺丝纤维的热性能比原材料有所降低。该研究为PEKK纳米纤维的制备开辟了新方向。     

激光熔体静电纺丝研究进展

简述了静电纺丝法的发展历程及研究概况,比较了溶液静电纺丝法和熔体静电纺丝法的优缺点;详细介绍了激光熔体静电纺丝法的优势,总结了目前激光熔体静电纺丝法制备聚合物及复合物微纳米纤维的工艺条件如激光输出功率、应用电压以及聚合物的物理性质等对纤维直径的影响;简要介绍了线激光熔体静电纺丝装置;指出目前激光熔体静电纺丝法制得的多为...     

熔体静电纺丝的工艺条件对纺丝纤维直径的影响

主要研究纺丝温度、纺丝电压、接收距离等参数对聚丙烯(PP)熔体静电纺丝纤维直径的影响。采用了只变一个参数,其它参数固定的常规实验方法。在实验条件范围内,随着纺丝温度的升高,纤维的平均直径逐渐减小,得到PP的最佳纺丝温度240℃。在固定电压的情况下,得到最佳接收距离7cm。在固定接收距离的情况下,随着电压的增加,电场中的喷射流熔体受到的电场力逐渐增大,得出最佳纺丝电压35kV。     

High-efficiency preparation of polypropylene nanofiber by melt differential centrifugal electrospinning

Melt differential centrifugal electrospinning (MDCE) method is proposed by integrating the advantages of centrifugal spinning and melt differential electrospinning, including high efficiency, solvent-free, multiple jets formation from nozzle-less spinning system, and small diameter. A mathematical model of jet diameter in MDCE is established. An orthogonal experiment is carried out to explore the effects of main processing parameters on the average diameter and the diameter standard deviation of the prepared fibers. Ultimately, polypropylene (PP) nanofibers with an average diameter of 790 nm are successfully prepared in a higher flow rate of 124.26 g h⁻¹ than that of other methods. The X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter indicate that the introduction of high-voltage electrostatic field in centrifugal spinning contribute to the crystal orientation of the PP molecular chain. Therefore, tensile mechanical strength is enhanced as the increase of the loading voltage. MDCE may provide an efficient and eco-friendly method for nanofiber manufacturing in the future. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48299.     

The effects of processing parameters on the morphology of PLA/PEG melt electrospun fibers

Electrospinning of a polymer melt is an ideal technique to produce highly porous nanofibrous or microfibrous scaffolds appropriate for biomedical applications. In recent decades, melt electrospinning has been known as an eco‐friendly procedure as it eliminates the cytotoxic effects of the solvents used in solution electrospinning. In this work, the effects of spinning conditions such as temperature, applied voltage, nozzle to collector distance and collector type as well as polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration on the diameter of melt electrospun polylactic acid (PLA)/PEG fibers were studied. The thermal stability of PLA/PEG blends was monitored through TGA and rheometry. Morphological investigations were carried out via optical and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results, blends were almost stable over the temperature range of melt electrospinning (170 ? 230 °C) and a short spinning time of 5 min. To obtain non‐woven meshes with uniform fiber morphologies, experimental parameters were optimized using ANOVA. While increasing the temperature, applied voltage and PEG content resulted in thinner fibers, PEG concentration was the most influential factor on the fiber diameter. In addition, a nozzle to collector distance of 10 cm was found to be the most suitable for preparing uniform non‐woven PLA/PEG meshes. At higher PEG concentrations, alterations in the collector distance did not affect the uniformity of fibers, although at lower distances vigorous bending instabilities due to polarity augmentation and viscosity reduction resulted in curly fibrous meshes. Finally, the finest and submicron scale fibers were obtained through melt electrospinning of PLA/PEG (70/30) blend collected on a metallic frame. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

熔体微分静电纺PBAT纤维膜的制备工艺研究

探究了聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）熔体静电纺性能,并研究了熔体微分静电纺工艺参数与PBAT纤维性能之间的关系。结果表明,随着纺丝温度的升高,纤维直径减小,纤维直径分布呈先减小后增大的趋势;随着纺丝电压的升高,纤维直径减小且分布均匀,纤维膜力学性能逐渐提高;当纺丝距离为9 cm,纺丝温度为260 ℃,纺丝电压为45 kV时,制备的纤维细度及均匀度最佳,其直径为4.31 μm,直径分布标准差为0.76,纤维膜拉伸强度为9.9 MPa、断裂伸长率为111.2 %。     

熔体直写电纺聚己内酯纤维有序沉积工艺

目前聚合物熔体电纺技术制备的纤维大多以杂乱无序的无纺布形式存在,限制了电纺技术在组织工程支架以及机器人等需要有序结构领域的应用。本文将熔体电纺技术与三维运动平台相结合,采用自主设计的熔体电纺可控成型实验装置,对聚己内酯（PCL）进行熔体直写静电纺丝,获得了有序纤维。研究了喷头移动速度、接收距离和纺丝电压对熔体直写电纺纤维沉积形貌的影响。结果表明,纤维直径随着喷头移速、接收距离和纺丝电压的增大而减小,其中接收距离的改变对直径的影响最为显著;接收距离的增大虽然有利于纤维的细化,但是距离过大会使纤维沉积的有序性变差;当射流下落速度与喷头移动速度相匹配时,射流才能实现有序沉积;增大接收距离和纺丝电压会引起射流鞭动,需要相应地增大喷头移动速度才能实现有序沉积。     

Water-born 3D nanofiber mats using cost-effective centrifugal spinning: comparison with electrospinning process: A complex study

A comparison of the electrostatic and centrifugal spinning of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) is shown in terms of the resulting fiber morphology and the process conditions. Specific parameters of centrifugal spinning, such rotational speed of spinneret and the relative humidity, were extensively investigated in details. Morphologies and diameters of resulting fiber mats were investigated by a scanning electron microscopy and compared between the two spinning techniques. The results revealed that formation of fibers is mainly affected by the initial polymer concentrations (and resulting viscosities) of polymeric solutions, which is in line with previous reports. However, the key novel finding of this work is that increasing relative humidity during centrifugal spinning process leads to greatly reduced fiber diameters to the levels typical for electrospinning. The obtained comparison is discussed and clearly shows technological advantages of the centrifugal spinning over electrospinning, enabling quantitative production of fibers with same or similar diameters.     

Orthogonal design study on factors effecting on fibers diameter of melt electrospinning

Melt electrospinning is a much more simple and safe method to produce ultra fine fibers than solution electrospinning. The diameters of melt electrospinning fibers are thicker. To find the factors that affect the fibers diameter in melt electrospinning, orthogonal design was used to examine melt temperature, spinning voltage, spinning distance, and melt flow rate (MFR) of polymer. Results showed that MFR at present three levels has the most important impact both on the average diameters and standard deviations of fiber diameters. The scanning electron microscopy pictures show that all the fibers have smooth surface, which means the melt electrospinning fibers have good mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:2074–2078, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

多孔功能性PLA/纳米氧化铈复合纤维的制备及性能

利用静电纺丝法制备了不同CeO2含量的PLA/CeO2复合纤维,并系统的研究了CeO2含量对PLA/CeO2静电纺丝液性质的影响,电压和CeO2含量对于复合纤维直径的影响及CeO2含量对PLA/CeO2复合纤维膜细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,随着CeO2用量的增加,静电纺丝液的表面张力逐渐下降,电导率逐渐提高;PLA静电纺丝纤维的直径随纺丝电压的升高先减小后增加,且电压较高时,纤维直径分布逐渐变宽;CeO2能够有效降低纤维的直径,但用量过多时会导致纤维直径增加,分布变宽;CeO2能够显著地促进PLA结晶,并且从多重熔融峰转变为单重熔融峰;PLA/CeO2复合薄膜具有良好的生物相容性,随CeO2含量的增加,对细胞增殖的促进作用更加明显。