疏水性MnCo2O4材料的制备及其高效催化偶氮苯合成的研究

氮氮键化合物广泛存在于天然产物、精细化学品和光功能材料的结构中，因此氮氮偶联是精细有机合成中重要的反应。本文利用溶剂热法制备了系列MnCo₂O₄催化剂。润湿性研究表明，调变Mn/Co显著改变MnCo₂O₄催化剂的亲疏水性。在温和的反应条件下，研究了MnCo₂O₄催化剂的催化性能。结果表明，疏水性MnCo₂O₄催化剂对苯胺氧化偶联制偶氮苯呈现优异的催化性能，且催化剂经多次循环使用后仍具有较高的催化活性。由此可见，疏水性MnCo₂O₄在偶氮苯合成领域具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

稻壳白炭黑负载Fe2O3的气相芬顿反应NO预氧化

以稻壳为硅源,采用直接煅烧法制备白炭黑,以其为载体,采用共浸渍法制备Fe₂O₃/SiO₂催化剂;并采用同样方法以商用二氧化硅为载体制备Fe₂O₃/C-SiO₂催化剂,将二者用于催化H₂O₂预氧化NO的实验。探究不同工况（负载量、催化温度、H₂O₂汽化温度、H₂O₂流量和水汽浓度）对NO预氧化的影响,并对催化剂进行表征,分析其物理化学性质对催化性能的影响。结果表明,在负载量为50%、催化温度为140℃、H₂O₂汽化温度为120℃、H₂O₂流量为2.5mL/h时,达到最佳工况,NO氧化度能达到73%;在相同实验条件下Fe₂O₃/SiO₂催化剂的预氧化效果要比Fe₂O₃/C-SiO₂催化剂高20%左右。TPR结果表明载体可以降低活性组分的还原温度,减少活性组分的团聚;催化剂的晶相结构稳定,机械强度及热稳定性良好;ESR和XPS结果显示Fe₂O₃/SiO₂催化剂的催化性能优于Fe₂O₃/C-SiO₂催化剂,能够更好地催化分解H₂O₂产生·OH。     

不同氧化锰载体对费托钴基催化剂合成低碳烯烃的影响

制备不同的Co/MnO_x (Co/MnO、Co/MnO₂、Co/Mn₂O₃、Co/Mn₃O₄) 催化剂,并利用XRD、SEM、TEM、BET、TPR、DRIFTS、XPS表征手段分析催化剂的理化性质,比较不同氧化锰载体对催化性能的影响,考察催化剂对低碳烯烃(C₂⁼～C₄⁼)的选择性影响。结果表明催化剂Co/MnO和Co/Mn₃O₄更容易还原,并且CO的吸附量较大,有利于实现较高的CO转化率;Co/Mn₂O₃和Co/Mn₃O₄中CO桥式吸附更高,有利于生成更多的-CH₂-物种。综合考虑催化剂的活性和C₂⁼～C₄⁼选择性,Co/Mn₃O₄的费托合成(FTS)性能最好,其中C₂⁼～C₄⁼选择性为50.91%,烯烷比(O/P)为3.40。     

Co3O4-MMT催化剂的制备及其N2O催化分解性能

以MMT为载体，采用原位聚合-配位沉积法制备3种不同Co负载量的Co₃O₄-MMT催化剂。采用N₂物理吸附、XRD和TEM对载体和催化剂进行表征，并在连续流动微反装置上考察其N₂O催化分解性能。结果表明，与Co₃O₄催化剂相比，Co₃O₄-MMT催化剂的比表面积显著增大，且活性组分Co₃O₄具有较高的分散状态。Co₃O₄-MMT催化剂的催化活性随着Co含量的增加先升后降，其中0.015Co-MMT表现出最佳的催化活性，其活性远高于Co₃O₄催化剂，同时，该催化剂还表现出良好的催化稳定性和较好的杂质气体耐受性。     

高铝粉煤灰负载锰基催化剂的催化氧化NO性能研究

氮氧化物催化氧化是烟气脱硝技术的一个重要发展方向。本工作以具有球形镂空结构的预处理后高铝粉煤灰为载体,以硝酸锰为活性组分源,采用溶胶凝胶法制备锰基NO氧化催化剂,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、N2物理吸附、H2程序升温还原分析仪(H2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析测试手段对催化剂的NO催化氧化性能进行深入研究。结果表明,载体粒径、锰负载量、硝酸锰凝胶煅烧温度以及NO催化氧化温度对催化剂催化活性均有较大影响。当载体粒径在100~200目(150~75 μm)、锰负载量为8wt%、硝酸锰凝胶煅烧温度为500℃、NO催化氧化温度290℃时,NO催化氧化效果最好,氧化率达到77.8%。SEM结果显示,溶胶凝胶法制备的氧化锰粒子在100~200 nm,且相对均匀负载在载体上。N2-物理吸附表明,催化剂的孔结构主要为介孔,并呈现H3型回滞环。锰基催化剂上化学吸附氧Oβ的占比和Mn4+浓度随着锰负载量的增加先增大后减小,此趋势与NO催化性能变化趋势一致,表明Oβ和Mn4+是影响NO催化氧化效果的决定因素。     

载体对铁基整体式催化剂上丙烯催化还原NO的影响

以Al₂O₃、SiO₂和TiO₂为载体,采用凝胶-溶胶法和浸渍法制备铁基堇青石整体式催化剂,并对其丙烯选择性催化还原NO性能进行了研究。通过N₂物理吸附/脱附、XRD、SEM、H₂-TPR、Py-FTIR和原位DRIFTS技术对催化剂进行了表征。不同载体对催化剂的表面酸性、氧化还原性能、比表面积和表面形貌有显著影响,从而导致丙烯还原NO的催化活性明显差异。C₃H₆-SCR的催化活性按Fe/Al₂O₃/CM > Fe/SiO₂/CM > Fe/TiO₂/CM依次降低。在450℃的有氧条件下,在Fe/Al₂O₃/CM上催化C₃H₆还原NO效率可达到100%,这主要是因为较好的氧化还原性能和丰富的Lewis酸性位。基于原位的DRIFTS研究表明,Lewis酸性位的增加有助于促进形成NO₂/NO₃^-物种,从而提高了催化性能。     

氧化还原法制备Mn3O4催化剂及其甲苯催化氧化性能与机理研究

在氧化还原法制备α-MnO₂的基础上，通过控制焙烧温度和气氛制备了Mn₃O₄催化剂，系统考察了其甲苯催化性能。结果显示，Mn₃O₄催化性能优于MnO₂，并且在230℃下保持转化率90%以上稳定运行100 h。原位红外等表征结果表明，与MnO₂相比，Mn₃O₄具有适当的氧化还原能力、更高的晶格氧活性、更多的表面吸附氧和更强的甲苯吸附能力，促使催化剂表面苯甲酸物种的快速转化，进而提高其甲苯催化性能。本研究可为锰基催化剂的制备及其甲苯催化氧化性能提升机理研究提供参考。     

改性钒铈基催化剂催化氧化烟气中邻二甲苯

燃煤过程中产生微量VOCs随烟气排放将导致大气污染。本文以Mn、Fe、Co、Cu对钒铈钛（Ce-V₂O₅/TiO₂）催化剂进行改性,并研究催化剂对烟气中典型VOCs中的邻二甲苯氧化脱除行为。研究结果表明,Mn、Fe改性分别在低温段和中高温段有效提高Ce-V₂O₅/TiO₂催化剂对烟气中邻二甲苯的催化氧化效率。烟气中的水蒸气、SO₂、NH₃、NO对催化氧化有不同的抑制程度,其中NH₃对催化效率抑制作用最强。不同改性催化剂对烟气组分反应不同,Fe改性Ce-V₂O₅/TiO₂催化剂抗烟气复杂组分中抗毒性最强。表征结果表明,Fe改性的Ce-V₂O₅/TiO₂催化剂表面积高、氧化还原性强,具有高催化活性与较强抗中毒性,可能成为一种针对燃煤烟气中有机污染物高效脱除的有潜力的催化剂材料。     

La的掺杂方式对CeO2-MnOx催化氧化氯苯性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备CeO₂-MnO_x和La₂O₃-CeO₂-MnO_x催化剂,再用沉积-沉淀法制备La₂O₃/CeO₂-MnO_x催化剂,并对催化剂的氯苯催化氧化反应活性进行检测。结果表明,La的加入可以显著提高催化剂催化氧化氯苯的活性。XRD和TPR表征结果表明,La的加入抑制CeO₂晶粒尺寸的长大,增强CeO₂的晶格应变,并促进Mn进入CeO₂的晶相,形成较好的MnCeO_x固溶体。催化剂的热稳定性评价结果表明,La的加入有效提高CeO₂-MnO_x催化剂的热稳定性。     

Co3O4催化臭氧氧化降解水中酮基布洛芬的研究

以Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O和尿素为原料制备了9种Co₃O₄催化材料，考察了其对水中酮基布洛芬(KTP)的催化臭氧氧化降解效能。结果表明，与单独臭氧氧化相比，所制备的Co₃O₄对水中KTP的催化臭氧氧化降解率提高了12.0%～63.8%，且在n[Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O]:n(尿素)=4:1、煅烧温度400℃下制备得到的Co₃O₄催化剂催化活性最高。SEM、XRD、FTIR、XPS、BET等表征分析显示，该Co₃O₄催化剂表面呈覆盖细小微粒的球状颗粒，晶相为立方相，且表面含有丰富的羟基，表面羟基密度为1.075×10^-5 mol/m²。机理研究证实，Co₃O₄对水中KTP的非均相催化臭氧氧化降解...     

SiO2负载钴系催化剂的环己烯环氧化性能

采用沉积沉淀法制备不同负载量的SiO₂（硅胶）负载钴氧化物催化剂,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电镜（TEM）、N₂吸脱附等手段对催化剂进行表征,结果表明钴系氧化物为Co₃O₄,并且钴氧化物均匀地负载在SiO₂（硅胶）载体上,其活性组分的粒子大小集中分布在2～10nm。将制备的催化剂应用于环己烯环氧化反应,以环己烯、分子氧为原料,异丁醛为催化助剂,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为反应溶剂,在高压釜中进行。同时将SiO₂负载钴氧化物催化剂与不同载体上制备的钴系催化剂进行比较,发现催化剂用量0.20g、环己烯2.00g、异丁醛3.50g、反应温度50℃、反应时间5h、氧气压力4MPa时,环己烯的转化率和环氧环己烷的选择性分别可达到66.56%和71.03%。     

Catalytic decomposition of N2O over CeO2 promoted Co3O4 spinel catalyst

A series of CeO₂ promoted cobalt spinel catalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation method and tested for the decomposition of nitrous oxide (N₂O). Addition of CeO₂ to Co₃O₄ led to an improvement in the catalytic activity for N₂O decomposition. The catalyst was most active when the molar ratio of Ce/Co was around 0.05. Complete N₂O conversion could be attained over the CoCe0.05 catalyst below 400 °C even in the presence of O₂, H₂O or NO. Methods of XRD, FE-SEM, BET, XPS, H₂-TPR and O₂-TPD were used to characterize these catalysts. The analytical results indicated that the addition of CeO₂ could increase the surface area of Co₃O₄, and then improve the reduction of Co³⁺ to Co²⁺ by facilitating the desorption of adsorbed oxygen species, which is the rate-determining step of the N₂O decomposition over cobalt spinel catalyst. We conclude that these effects, caused by the addition of CeO₂, are responsible for the enhancement of catalytic activity of Co₃O₄.     

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by C3H8 over CoOx/Al2O3: An investigation of structure–activity relationships

A series of CoO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts was prepared, characterized, and applied for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by C₃H₈. The results of XRD, UV–vis, IR, Far-IR and ESR characterizations of the catalysts suggest that the predominant oxidation state of cobalt species is +2 for the catalysts with low cobalt loading (≤2 mol%) and for the catalysts with 4 mol% cobalt loading prepared by sol–gel and co-precipitation. Co₃O₄ crystallites or agglomerates are the predominant species in the catalysts with high cobalt loading prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and solid dispersion. An optimized CoO_x/Al₂O₃ catalyst shows high activity in SCR of NO by C₃H₈ (100% conversion of NO at 723 K, GHSV: 10,000 h⁻¹). The activity of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by C₃H₈ increases with the increase of cobalt–alumina interactions in the catalysts. The influences of cobalt loading and catalyst preparation method on the catalytic performance suggest that tiny CoAl₂O₄ crystallites highly dispersed on alumina are responsible for the efficient catalytic reduction of NO, whereas Co₃O₄ crystallites catalyze the combustion of C₃H₈ only.     

Partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas over Co/Ca/Al2O3 catalysts

A series of calcium-modified alumina-supported cobalt catalysts were prepared with a two-step impregnation method, and the effect of calcium on the catalytic performances of the catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas (CO and H₂) was investigated at 750 °C. Also, the catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, TPR and (in situ) Raman. At 6 wt.% of cobalt loading, the unmodified alumina-supported cobalt catalyst showed a very low activity and a rapid deactivation, while the calcium-modified catalyst presented a good performance for this process with the CH₄ conversion of 88%, CO selectivity of 94% and undetectable carbon deposition during a long-time running. Characterization results showed that the calcium modification can effectively increase the dispersion and reducibility of Co₃O₄, decrease the Co metal particle size, and suppress the reoxidation of cobalt as well as the phase transformation to form CoAl₂O₄ spinel phases under the reaction conditions. These could be related to the excellent catalytic performances of Co/Ca/Al₂O₃ catalysts.     

Steam reforming of ethanol over Co3O4/CeO2 catalysts prepared by different methods

In this paper, Co₃O₄/CeO₂ catalysts for steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) were prepared by co-precipitation and impregnation methods. The catalysts prepared by co-precipitation were very active and selective for SRE. Over 10%Co₃O₄/CeO₂ catalyst, ethanol conversion was close to 100% and hydrogen selectivity was about 70% at 450 °C. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and BET surface area measurements. The preparation method influenced the interaction between cobalt and CeO₂ evidently. The incorporation of Co ions into CeO₂ crystal lattice resulted in weaker interaction between cobalt and ceria on catalyst surface. In comparison with catalysts prepared by impregnation, more cobalt ions entered into CeO₂ lattice, and resulted in weaker interaction between active phase and ceria on surface of Co₃O₄/CeO₂ prepared by co-precipitation. Thus, cobalt oxides was easier to be reduced to metal cobalt which was the key active component for SRE. Meanwhile, the incorporation of Co ions into CeO₂ crystal lattice was beneficial for resistance to carbon deposition.     

负载型Mn-Fe/γ-Al2O3低温脱硝催化剂的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了负载型Mn-Fe/γ-Al₂O₃低温SCR催化剂,运用固定床催化反应器,以氨气为还原剂,考察了负载量、活性组分配比、焙烧温度等制备条件和空速、O₂体积分数、NH₃/NO摩尔比等操作条件对Mn-Fe/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂低温脱硝性能的影响,并通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面积测定仪(BET)等手段对催化剂进行表征.结果表明,负载质量分数为20%、n(Mn):n(Fe)=4:1、焙烧温度为600℃、空速为16000h^-1、O₂体积分数为4%、NH₃/NO摩尔比为1.2、反应温度为200℃的条件下,NO转化率达到了96%以上.     

微波热解制备g-Fe2O3催化剂及其SCR脱硝性能

以FeSO₄·7H₂O[Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O]为铁源,采用新型微波热解法制备γ-Fe₂O₃[a-Fe₂O₃]催化剂样品,通过XRD、N₂等温吸附-脱附、压汞法等实验手段对催化剂样品晶相、微观孔结构等进行表征;考察两种催化剂样品的NH₃-SCR脱硝性能,通过归一化处理得到两种催化剂在不同温度下的本征脱硝反应速率,同时对比研究了γ-Fe₂O₃与钒系催化剂的脱硝活性;研究氨氮比、氧浓度等运行参数对γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂NH₃-SCR脱硝性能的影响规律,并对其抗硫抗水性能进行考察.结果表明:采用新型微波热解法可得到纯度较高的γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂,其介孔分布合理且大孔数量丰富;同时γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂表现出优于a-Fe₂O₃催化剂的脱硝性能,400℃时最大NO_x转化率达到96%,300、325、350℃下单位面积脱硝速率达到a-Fe₂O₃催化剂的3倍左右;γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂具备优良的抗硫抗水性能,其最佳氨氮比为1、最佳氧体积分数为3.5%.     

Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂在浆态床中CO甲烷化催化性能

采用共浸渍法制备了Ni-Mn/Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了助剂Mn的含量对催化剂结构及浆态床CO甲烷化性能的影响。采用XRD、H₂-TPR、BET、TEM、H₂-化学吸附等表征对催化剂进行了测试分析,结果表明,Mn助剂的引入能够促进Ni物种在载体表面的分散,减弱Ni物种与载体的相互作用,降低催化剂的还原温度,提高催化剂的比表面积,减小活性金属Ni的晶粒尺寸。随着Mn含量的增加,Ni-Mn/Al₂O₃催化剂的甲烷化性能先升后降,其中以Mn含量为4%（质量分数）时的催化甲烷化性能最佳,添加过量的Mn导致活性组分Ni被部分覆盖,催化甲烷化性能下降。通过对16Ni4Mn/Al₂O₃催化剂样品的浆态床反应温度及反应压力的研究发现,当反应温度为280℃、反应压力为1.5 MPa时,催化剂样品16Ni4Mn/Al₂O₃的CO转化率及CH₄选择性分别达到96.2%和88.8%。     

Co/Mn/Zr复合催化剂催化甲苯液相氧化

以乙酰丙酮锆或乙酸锆与乙酸钴和乙酸锰制备乙酸钴/乙酸锰/乙酰丙酮锆或乙酸锆(Co/Mn/Zr)三元复合催化剂。比较乙酸钴(Co)、乙酸钴/乙酸锰(Co/Mn)和Co/Mn/Zr催化剂体系对甲苯液相氧化反应的催化性能。结果表明:在催化剂中添加Zr可以降低反应温度,提高甲苯转化率和苯甲酸选择性。与乙酸锆相比,采用乙酰丙酮锆制得的Co/Mn/Zr具有较好的催化活性。在Co,Mn和Zr物质的量之比为5 5 1,Co与甲苯的物质的量之比为1 10 000,溶剂乙酸与甲苯质量比为1 2.3,反应温度160℃和反应压力1.4 MPa的条件下反应3 h后,苯甲酸选择性和甲苯转化率分别为80.2%和15.4%。     

Synthesis of CeO2–MnOx mixed oxides and catalytic performance under oxygen-rich condition

Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂, Ce_0.5Zr_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ and Ce_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ were prepared by citric acid sol–gel method. The effect of manganese on the structural and redox properties of ceria-based mixed oxides was investigated by means of powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses, temperature-programmed reduction and catalytic activity evaluation in the presence of excess O₂. The results showed that some Mn cations could enter into the ceria lattice to form solid solutions. Mn₃O₄ appeared due to the instability of the mixed oxides with increment of the Mn doping ratio while another oxide Mn₂O₃ is detected in the physical mixture of ceria and manganese oxide. These Mn-doped mixed oxides, especially Ce_0.5Mn_0.5O₂, presented better catalytic activities than Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and even Pt-loaded catalyst for total oxidation of C₃H₈ and oxidative sorption of NO in the presence of excess oxygen. The oxidation ability of Mn and the strong interaction between Mn and Ce were suggested to promote the oxygen storage/transport capacity of the mixed oxides as well as reactive adsorption of nitric oxide and hydrocarbons.