锂离子电池负极材料研究

本文综述了锂离子电池负极材料的最新研究进展,包括非金属类材料,金属氧化物材料以及合金材料。并对锂离子电池负极材料的发展趋势进行展望。     

沥青在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用研究进展

沥青是原油蒸馏或煤炼焦加工过程中产生的较难处理的副产物,对其进行定向的、高效应用具有重要经济意义.目前沥青在锂离子电池负极材料领域已有相关的研究和应用,但其组成和结构复杂,基础性能与电化学性能的关联尚不明确导致应用受限.本文重点综述沥青基负极材料以及沥青作为改性负极在锂离子电池中的应用研究进展,并对沥青在新能源领域的专...     

锂离子电池二硫化钼基负极材料研究进展

锂离子电池以其便携、无记忆效应、循环寿命长等特点广泛应用于移动电子设备、电动汽车等领域。负极材料的改进是制备新型高性能锂离子电池的重要环节。具有类石墨烯结构的二硫化钼是极具发展潜力的锂离子电池用负极材料。但纯二硫化钼导电性差、充放电过程中体积膨胀率高,导致其可逆容量低、容量保持率差。复合化与纳米化是解决上述问题的有效途径。综述了近年来用于锂离子电池负极材料的二硫化钼基复合材料研究进展,重点介绍了二硫化钼/碳和二硫化钼/过渡金属化合物体系的形貌特征、比容量、循环稳定性等,并对二硫化钼基负极材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

锂离子电池用石墨类炭负极材料的改性

综述了近年来有关石墨类负极材料的表面改性与修饰方法，主要有表面氧化还原、掺杂其他元素和形成包覆层等方法，这些方法可有效提高石墨电极的容量、库仑效率及大电流性能，分析了这些方法能提高电极性能的原因并指出了存在的问题。     

锂离子电池负极材料研究进展

锂离子二次电池是应用和开发前景最好的一种电源,改善和提高锂离子电池电化学性能的关键是选取充放电性能良好的正负极材料。综述了锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展,介绍了碳素材料、锡基负极材料和其他负极材料。指出了今后锂离子二次电池负极材料的发展方向。     

铋基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展

铋基材料因其高体积容量、电压平台较低等优点而被用作锂离子电池负极材料。本文总结了近几年铋基材料用作锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展。     

锂离子电池负极材料钛酸锂的研究进展

尖晶石型钛酸锂(Li_4Ti_5O_(12))作为锂离子电池负极材料具有平稳快速的充放性能和优良的循环性能,与商品化碳材料相比其安全性和电化学性能更胜一筹,被广泛应用于现代电子移动设备、新能源汽车与各类储能系统等方面。因而,被认为是最具有发展潜力的电池负极材料之一。重点概述了尖晶石Li_4Ti_5O_(12)负极材料的制备方法和优缺点以及尖晶石Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的掺杂改性研究,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

锂离子电池负极材料钛酸锂的研究进展

尖晶石型钛酸锂(Li_4Ti_5O_(12))作为锂离子电池负极材料具有平稳快速的充放性能和优良的循环性能,与商品化碳材料相比其安全性和电化学性能更胜一筹,被广泛应用于现代电子移动设备、新能源汽车与各类储能系统等方面。因而,被认为是最具有发展潜力的电池负极材料之一。重点概述了尖晶石Li_4Ti_5O_(12)负极材料的制备方法和优缺点以及尖晶石Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的掺杂改性研究,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

锂离子电池硅基负极材料研究进展

硅材料由于其高容量和地壳中的高储量,成为近年来的研究热门。但硅材料的商业化还存在一些问题,主要是由于硅材料的体积效应导致的循环性能差和较低的电导率。本文综述了近年来对硅材料改性的一些方法,如：硅材料纳米化、碳包覆、合金化、预锂化,及与硅材料相匹配的粘结剂和电解液添加剂的研究等,并对硅材料的研究现状进行了总结和展望。     

Hard carbon/lithium composite anode materials for Li-ion batteries

Hard carbon/lithium composite anode electrode is prepared to reduce the initial irreversible capacity of hard carbon, which hinders practical application of hard carbon in lithium ion batteries, by introducing lithium into hard carbon. Lithium foil effectively compensates the irreversible capacity of hard carbon in the first cycle. A full cell using LiCoO₂ cathode and the composite anode shows much higher initial coulombic efficiency than that of a cell using LiCoO₂ cathode and hard carbon anode. This paves the way to reduce the large initial irreversible capacity of hard carbon. Besides that, this composite anode enables conductive polymer/sulfur composite cathode to be used in Li-ion batteries with non-lithiated anode materials.     

Amorphous silicon–carbon based nano-scale thin film anode materials for lithium ion batteries

The buffering effect of carbon on the structural stability of amorphous silicon films, used as an anode for lithium ion rechargeable batteries, has been studied during long term discharge/charge cycles. To this extent, the electrochemical performance of a prototype material consisting of amorphous Si thin film (∼250 nm) deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on amorphous carbon (∼50 nm) thin films, denoted as a-C/Si, has been investigated. In comparison to pure amorphous Si thin film (a-Si) which shows a rapid fade in capacity after 30 cycles, the a-C/Si exhibits excellent capacity retention displaying ∼0.03% fade in capacity up to 50 cycles and ∼0.2% after 50 cycles when cycled at a rate of 100 μA/cm² (∼C/2) suggesting that the presence of thin amorphous C layer deposited between the Cu substrate and a-Si acts as a buffer layer facilitating the release of the volume induced stresses exhibited by pure a-Si during the charge/discharge cycles. This structural integrity combined with microstructural stability of the a-C/Si thin film during the alloying/dealloying process with lithium has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The buffering capacity of the thin amorphous carbon layer lends credence to its use as the likely compliant matrix to curtail the volume expansion related cracking of silicon validating its choice as the matrix for bulk and thin film battery systems.     

Facile fabrication of porous NiMoO4@C nanowire as high performance anode material for lithium ion batteries

Herein, porous NiMoO₄@C nanowire is purposefully synthesized using oleic acid as carbon source, and further evaluated as high performance anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Compared with the pure NiMoO₄, porous NiMoO₄@C nanowire exhibits high reversible charge/discharge specific capacity, excellent cycle stability and preeminent rate capability. A stable reversible lithium storage capacity of 975 mAh g⁻¹ can still be maintained after 100 cycles at 200 mA g⁻¹. When the current density decreases back from 3000 mA g⁻¹ to 100 mA g⁻¹, a high discharge specific capacity of 884 mAh g⁻¹ is recovered. The porous structure and carbon layers can enhance the electronic transmission and structural stability, shorten the path lengths for ion and electron transport, and provide a mechanical buffer space to accommodate the volume expansion/contraction during the repeated Li⁺ insertion/extraction processes. All the results highlight that the porous NiMoO₄@C nanowire composite would be a promising candidate for high performance anode material of LIBs owing to its excellent electrochemical properties.     

Electrochemical properties of heat-treated polymer-derived SiCN anode for lithium ion batteries

Silicon-carbon-nitrogen material (SiCN) is pyrolyzed from polysilylethylenediamine (PSEDA) derivation, followed by a heat-treating process at 1000 °C in Ar atmosphere. This heat-treated SiCN material has an excellent electrochemical performance as an anode for lithium ion batteries. Charge-discharge cycle measurements show that the heat-treated SiCN material exhibits a high first cycle discharge capacity of 829.0 mAh g⁻¹ and stays between 400 and 370 mAh g⁻¹ after 30 cycles. The discharge capacity remains above 300 mAh g⁻¹ at the high current density of 80 and 160 mA g⁻¹. These values are higher than untreated SiCN and commercial graphite anodes, which indicates that the heat-treating process improves the charge-discharge capacity, cycle stability and high-rate ability of SiCN anode. It is seemed that changes of SiCN structure, the formation of loose nano-holes on material surface and the formation of graphitic carbon phase in heat-treating process contribute to the improvement of electrochemical properties for SiCN anode.     

锂离子电池正极材料超声强化水洗过程研究

针对高镍三元锂离子电池正极材料的降碱处理方式主要局限于去离子水洗涤且清洗效果不佳的问题,提出了一种超声强化水洗处理高镍三元锂离子电池正极材料的新方法。以LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂（NCA）为研究对象,去离子水为溶剂,通过正交试验探讨了超声强化水洗对高镍三元锂离子电池正极材料进行降碱处理的影响因素,并就单一固含量因素影响与简单去离子水洗涤进行对比。采用pH测定、粒度分析、SEM、电化学性能测试等手段进行分析,研究了固含量、搅拌时间、超声时间、超声频率、超声功率等对高镍三元锂离子电池正极材料降碱效果的影响。研究结果表明：在固含量10%、搅拌时间更均匀的情况下,颗粒表面形貌无明显影响,材料电化学性能提高。实际工业生产过程中水洗的固含量为40%更为合适。     

Electrochemical performance of nano-Pt-supported carbon anode for lithium ion batteries

A nano-Pt-supported carbon anode was prepared by supporting Pt nanoparticles onto carbon powder. Ultrafine Pt nanoparticles could be well distributed on the surface of carbon particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), cyclic voltammetry (CV), FTIR, and impedance spectroscopy were used to study on the electrode structure and electrochemical performance. Nano-Pt-supported carbon anode enhanced the Li discharge reaction and suppressed the solvent decomposition reaction, which are favorable for lithium batteries.     

锂离子电池电极材料机械化学合成研究进展

简要介绍了机械化学合成的特性,着重论述了利用机械化学法合成锂离子电池电极材料的研究现状,以及利用机械化学法合成的这些电极材料的特点。展望了机械化学法在锂离子电池电极材料中的应用发展前景,并认为随着研究的深入,采用计算机模拟计算机械化学能量、粉末受力情况和机械化学进程,以指导新工艺、新材料的开发研究,从分子水平上设计出来的各种高性能的电极材料将有力地推动锂离子电池的研究和应用。     

中间相炭微球在锂离子电池负极材料的应用进展

中间相炭微球(MCMB)具有良好锂离子扩散性、导电性和机械稳定性等优势,是目前应用广泛、综合性能优异的锂离子电池负极材料,但较低理论比容量是制约其发展的关键因素。为了获得性能优良的MCMB基锂离子电池负极材料,改性修饰和复合材料已然成为目前研发重点。笔者论述了碳结构、表界面和复合材料等微观结构设计对MCMB负极材料电化学性能的影响。从碳堆积结构类型、有序性、层间距以及球体粒径大小等方面,论述了碳结构微观设计对MCMB电化学性能的影响。发现具有乱层结构的MCMB在充放电过程中内部产生应力较小,且碳结构较稳定,具有优异循环稳定性;内部具有大量微孔或碳层间距较大的MCMB,在充放电过程中可提高锂离子在电极中的迁移速率,并提供更多的储锂空间,一般具有优良的充放电比容量和倍率性能;小粒径MCMB具有较短的锂离子迁移路径和随之增加的比表面积,通常具有较好倍率性能,伴随着可逆比容量和充放电效率的衰减。从表界面碳层改性、包覆和掺杂改性等方面,论述了表界面改性对MCMB电化学性能的影响。表面碳层修饰可增加MCMB与电解液的相容性及其比表面积,提高了与电解液的接触面积及贮锂容量,改善了锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能;另外,MCMB表面包覆一层无定型碳,可避免其表面与电解液直接接触,减少电化学副反应的产生,提升其可逆比容量。从碳活性物质复合材料、非碳活性物质复合材料等方面,论述了复合材料微观结构设计对MCMB电化学性能的影响。碳活性物质可降低MCMB内部碳层结构的有序性,减少锂离子嵌入过程中的内部应力,提升MCMB循环稳定性。非碳活性物质诱导MCMB生成更加有序的碳层结构,提高MCMB的比表面积,从而改善MCMB表面与电解液分子的接触能力及其嵌锂性能,有利于提升MCMB负极材料可逆比容量、循环性能和倍率性能。MCMB具有高碳层间距和多缺陷位点等结构特征,有利于钠离子自由脱嵌,应用于钠离子电池时具有良好的可逆比容量、循环稳定性和倍率性能。MCMB的不规则定向层状结构经活化等处理具有较高比表面积,可应用于超级电容器电极材料。最后提出在高性能锂离子电池电极材料快速发展的需求下,从微观结构角度设计MCMB纳米复合材料将是MCMB负极材料的研究重点。     

Three-dimensional reticular tin-manganese oxide composite anode materials for lithium ion batteries

Tin-manganese oxide film with three-dimensional (3D) reticular structure has been prepared by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that the film is amorphous. X-ray-photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates that the 3D grid is composed of tin-manganese oxide. As an anode electrode for the lithium ion battery, the tin-manganese oxide film has 1188.3 mAh g⁻¹ of initial discharge capacity and very good capacity retention of 656.2 mAh g⁻¹ up to the 30th cycle. Such a composite film can be used as an anode for lithium ion batteries with higher energy densities.     

锂离子电池电极材料SEI膜的研究概况*

综述了锂离子电池电极材料表面的“固体电解质界面膜”（SEI 膜） 的成膜机理及研究概况,并分析了电解液、温度和电流密度对SEI膜形成过程的影响;在此基础上,对SEI膜的改性（主要包括电极材料的改性和添加电解液添加剂）进行了分析,认为SEI膜的研究将对电极材料和电解液添加剂的改进研究产生重要影响。