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为克服传统工艺的缺点,采用氧化锰矿硫酸化焙烧-水浸方法制备电解锰电解液,将氧化锰矿与硫铁矿混合高温焙烧,使四价锰还原成水溶性的二价锰,并在焙烧过程中完成硫酸化过程,生成水溶性MnSO4,而其他杂质元素生成难溶性的氧化物用水直接浸出,避免其进入电解液,不用传统工艺中的酸浸,有利于环保. 通过实验得出在S/Mn摩尔比为3、焙烧温度600℃、焙烧时间270 min的最优工艺条件下,Mn的综合浸出率可达85.6%. 表明本工艺路线是完全可行的. 相似文献
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稀土具有优异的光性能、电性能、磁性能等,是电子、化工、冶炼、机械、军事等多个行业不可替代的矿产资源。我国的稀土资源中很大比重为氟碳铈稀土矿,这种矿产资源提取稀土元素的难度较大,因为矿存在氟碳酸根,不能直接进行酸化、碱化等反应处理,这就需要先进行焙烧活化。基于此,本文就重点对氟碳铈稀土矿的焙烧工艺展开探讨,希望能为相关领域从业者及科研人员提供些许参考。 相似文献
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以废弃CRT荧光粉为原料,在前期稀盐酸预处理工艺的基础上,通过进一步深入研究,开发出从废弃CRT荧光粉中提取稀土的完整工艺路线。结果表明:稀酸预处理后,盐酸酸浸剩余荧光粉固体的最佳浓度为5 mol·L-1,最佳反应温度为80℃;酸浸后稀土浸出液净化除杂的pH控制为5.5,DDTC最佳用量比为6:1;稀土净化液经草酸沉淀后煅烧的最佳温度为900℃。从废弃CRT荧光粉中提取到稀土产物Y2O3和Eu2O3的总含量为99.2%,其晶粒由若干片状晶体密实堆积成多面体结构,晶粒之间相互嵌入,呈镶嵌式接触。 相似文献
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为无害化处理熔盐电解法制备铝钪中间合金过程产生的熔盐电解废渣并回收其中的有价元素,针对熔盐电解废渣氟盐高、稀土元素钪含量低的特点,提出了一种氢氧化钠?硫酸两步浸取的全湿法处理熔盐电解废渣,回收氟、钪的新工艺。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、离子色谱仪(IC)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)、扫描电镜(SEM)对碱浸?酸浸过程中氟、钪元素的走向分布进行了系统考察。结果表明,碱浸过程中熔盐电解废渣中的氟转化成溶解度较低的氟化钠,通过水洗使氟几乎全部进入溶液,而钪留在碱浸水洗渣中,实现了氟、钪分离。利用碱浸水洗渣中的铝以难溶于酸的?-Al2O3形式存在的特性,通过酸浸将碱浸水洗渣中的钪溶解,实现了钪和铝的分离与回收。通过研究碱浸、酸浸过程中浸出剂浓度、液固比、浸出温度和时间等工艺参数对浸出率的影响,得到最佳工艺参数:碱浸过程氢氧化钠浓度100 g/L,液固质量比12:1,温度90℃,浸出时间1.5 h;酸浸过程硫酸浓度1.5 mol/L,液固质量比6:1,温度90℃,浸出时间50 min。碱浸后熔盐电解废渣中可溶性铝和氟的浸出率分别达97.12%和98.71%,氟化钠产品纯度达到98.70%,酸浸过程钪的浸出率达到92.01%。 相似文献
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稀土在印染废水降解过程中的催化作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用稀土La2O3-Tb2O3/O3处理模拟印染废水亚甲基蓝溶液,研究了稀土投加量、温度、反应时间及pH值对化学需氧量(COD)去除率的影响。结果表明,最佳处理条件为:取1 L模拟废水,pH=2,稀土投加量为25 mL,反应时间60 min,温度为60℃。 相似文献
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采用稀盐酸预处理工艺,对预处理前后废弃CRT荧光粉中稀土的提取效果进行了比较研究。结果表明,预处理工艺的最佳条件为:盐酸浓度为0.8 mol·L-1,反应温度为65℃,反应时间为2 h。与未预处理样品相比,预处理样品酸解后得到的浸出液中稀土的浸出率由21.18%提高到60.17%,而杂质的浸出率由45.21%减少到10.43%。经沉淀、煅烧后所得稀土产物为Y2O3和Eu2O3,总含量为98.20%。其中,Y2O3含量为90.25%。稀土产物主要为立方晶型的Y2O3,由片状晶体密集堆积而成,片晶之间紧密结合,形成密实的方体结构。稀酸预处理工艺不仅能显著提高废弃CRT荧光粉中稀土提取的效率,实现稀土资源的高效、可持续利用,而且可以减少化学试剂的消耗,为废弃电子产品的综合利用提供研究基础与技术支撑。 相似文献
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Hualing Yang Wei Wang Hongmin Cui Dongli Zhang Yu Liu Ji Chen 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2012,87(2):198-205
BACKGROUND: Numerous high purity ammonium‐type ionic liquid extractants have been prepared for engineering purposes. Bifunctional ionic liquid extractants (Bif‐ILEs) have been widely applied to separate and extract rare earths and metal ions with high extraction efficiencies and selectivities. In the present study, new Bif‐ILEs [A336][P204] and [A336][P507] have been used to extract rare earths from a simulated solution of a fluorescent powder in a high concentration of Al(NO3)3. RESULTS: Bif‐ILEs were prepared from Aliquat336 (A336) and the commercial organophosphorus acid extractants, P204 and P507. These extractants [A336][P204] and [A336][P507] have similar characteristics to neutral organophosphorus extractants. When these Bif‐ILEs were used to extract RE(III) from a simulated waste fluorescent powder system a third phase appeared which could be eliminated by the addition of 10% isopropanol modifier. The coexisting Al2O3 in the fluorescent powder was changed to a salting‐out agent (Al(NO3)3) in the extraction process and promoted the extraction efficiency of RE(III). Using a countercurrent extraction process at a phase ratio Vo:Vw = 4:1 and pH = 0.56, the RE(III) recovery reached 95.2% in 5–7 stages. Finally, the extractabilities of these bifunctional extractants were compared with the neutral organophosphorus extractants P350, TBP and Cyanex923 at different concentrations, initial pHs and temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: By comparison with other neutral organophosphorus extractants, Bif‐ILEs [A336][P204] and [A336][P507] can be considered efficient potential extractants for separating and recycling REEs and Al2O3 from waste fluorescent powder. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Recovery of an yttrium europium oxide phosphor from waste fluorescent tubes using a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 1‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate
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Nicolas Schaeffer Xiaofan Feng Sue Grimes Christopher Cheeseman 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2017,92(10):2731-2738
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A waste sample generated during the mining of pyrophyllite ore is characterized for the extraction of potash values. Mineral liberation analysis (MLA) reveals that the waste material consists of muscovite, K-Feldspar (orthoclase), and pyrophyllite as the major mineral phases. The sample contains 49.5% SiO2, 23.9% Al2O3, 1.8% Fe2O3, and 9.8% K2O as its prime constituents. An effort has been made for the extraction of potash value by physical and chemical beneficiation techniques. Beneficiation studies using magnetic separation, froth flotation, and even chemical leaching with inorganic acids could not extract any appreciable potash values. Finally, a roast leach method using calcium chloride followed by leaching in water has been employed. The process variables such as calcium chloride dosage, roasting time, and temperature are optimized using L9 Taguchi statistical design. It has been possible to achieve about 85% potash values at 900°C, 45 minutes of roasting time and calcium chloride dosage of 75% with respect to the ore. The change in mineral phases in the feed, roast, and leached residue has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), which shows the phase conversion into wollastonite and halite potassian. 相似文献
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用废旧轮胎生产胶粉的新工艺及胶粉利用的新技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该文简述了废轮胎生产胶粉的方法相对于其他回收方法的优点。报道的生产废胶粉的方法包括深冷工艺、准低温工艺、常温工艺及爆破法。废胶粉的应用包括用于改性沥青、作为铺地材料、制造防盗井、合成高吸水性树脂、生产胶粘剂以及制造油田专用堵剂,并对该技术的发展提出了建议。 相似文献