微反应器内连续重氮化/偶合反应进展

微反应器一般是指通过微加工和精密加工技术制造的小型反应器,其为微化工技术的核心部件之一。与传统的釜式反应器相比,微反应器具有很大的优势,顺应了高技术含量和可持续发展的要求。在化学化工、材料、生物等诸多领域的研究和生产过程中,微反应器都有着广泛的应用前景,这其中一大部分涉及到了危险或不稳定物质的合成过程及高放热反应过程等。本文主要介绍了国内外利用微反应器技术进行重氮化反应连续化的研究进展,以及利用微反应器进行连续重氮化/偶合反应合成偶氮染料及颜料的研究进展。微反应器技术使化学反应过程变得更快速、更安全、更环保,所以具有很高的工业应用价值,也是化工领域未来的发展方向之一。     

陶瓷微注射成型技术的研究与进展

本文介绍了陶瓷微注射成型工艺过程的新特点和新技术;探讨了陶瓷微注射成型充模流动模拟所采用的理论模型及其应用研究现状;最终指出微注射成型技术研究应该着重于陶瓷微注射模拟新方法、微尺寸型腔内的流动机理、微型零件的质量控制方法、微注射成型工艺和设备研制上.     

微注射成型工艺对陶瓷化学微反应器通道表面质量的影响研究

裂纹是陶瓷微注射成型中注射成型和烧结阶段的常见缺陷,对采用具有型芯结构的模具制备化学微反应器的成型性具有重要影响。基于SEM电镜观察和毛细流变仪的测试结果,研究了粉末粒径和注射参数对微反应器通道表面裂纹数量和形态的影响,分析了模具温度、注射压力和注射速度对微反应器通道表面质量的影响。结果发现:提高模具温度、注射压力和注射速度,裂纹现象将得到明显改善;粉末粒径的差异会影响喂料的流变行为,用较细小的氧化锆粉末进行注射成型,可得到表面质量更好的化学微反应器。     

光固化微压印制作微结构阵列成型工艺

研究了一种光固化微压印制作微结构阵列的工艺。常温下,在自制的模板上涂覆自主研制的专用液态光敏材料,用自主研制的光固化微压印设备进行压印,同时通过紫外光照射固化成型,制备出两种表面微结构阵列—六棱柱形微结构阵列和圆柱形微结构阵列,并对所制备的微结构阵列进行了检验。结果表明:光固化微压印制备的微结构单元具有良好的一致性,微结构阵列复制度高、完整性好。该成型工艺具有高效率、低成本、绿色环保的优势,并且能够满足微结构阵列批量化生产的要求。     

微反应器在化学化工领域中的应用

微反应器是微型化学反应系统,具有换热和传质效率高、严格控制反应时间、易于放大、安全性能好等特点。和传统搅拌反应器相比,这些特点使得微反应器在缩短反应时间、大幅度提高化学反应的转化率和产品收率等方面展现出一定的优势。但微反应器也存在易堵塞,催化剂负载、微通道的设计与制造难度大等问题。本文介绍了近年来快速发展的微反应器技术,回顾了微反应器的特点,重点探讨微反应器在化学化工领域的应用以及微反应器在精细化工和制药工业、生物化工领域的应用实例,讨论了微反应器目前存在的诸多挑战。微反应器目前是化学和化工学科的前沿和热点方向,分析表明微反应器仍然有很大的发展空间,有潜力改变化学化工前景。提出应进一步深入系统地认识微反应器内化学反应以及微通道设计的基本规律和机理,将微反应器技术引入更广泛的反应体系中,加强微反应器的集成化水平。     

微通道反应器内合成过氧化物的研究进展

本文从微反应器的设计和制备、过氧化氢制备工艺和有机过氧化物合成工艺在微反应器中的应用研究等方面进行综述,并对微反应器未来的发展趋势进行展望,与间歇反应器相比,微通道反应器在合成过氧化物有很好的应用前景.     

三维打印制备MAX基复相陶瓷研究进展

本文综述了三维打印(Three-Dimensional Printing,3DP)结合反应熔体渗透(Reactive Melt Infiltration,RMI)技术制备MAX基复相陶瓷的研究进展。在致密MAX基复相陶瓷的制备过程中,3DP技术的作用主要体现在两方面:一方面是实现预制体的成型,另一方面是通过孔隙结构和成分的设计控制所制备材料的微结构。3DP所制备的预制体呈现为典型的双孔径分布模式,有利于RMI的进行。通过3DP同RMI结合能够实现致密MAX基复相陶瓷的近尺寸成型,同时通过对初始原料、渗透熔体以及渗透温度等参数的优化能够实现微结构、力学性能以及电磁屏蔽性能的调控。     

微尺度效应对聚合物微成型的影响

聚合物微结构器件已广泛应用于众多的领域,其成型加工技术已成为当前研究的热点问题。由于受到微尺度效应的影响,聚合物微结构器件成型的稳定性有待提高。首先,总结概括聚合物材料在熔融状态流动过程中,剪切应力大于临界剪切应力和缠解与解缠解产生的壁面滑移、表面张力不同的影响因素、产生黏性耗散多种因素的3种微尺度效应机理对聚合物微尺度填充成型的影响理论;然后,阐述了聚合物在微成型过程中微结构填充和微结构脱模过程的微尺度效应对成型质量的影响。虽然微成型加工技术的成果卓越,但是仍然需要对理论、工艺进行不断补充和完善。微尺度效应及其对微成型过程的影响可以为聚合物微结构成型机理的探索提供一定的参考作用。     

一种通过微通道反应装置连续生产胍基乙酸的方法

正本发明公开了一种通过微通道反应装置连续生产胍基乙酸的方法,它包括如下步骤:(1)将盐酸胍水溶液与氢氧化钠水溶液分别同时泵入微结构混合器Ⅰ中,混合均匀后,在微通道反应器Ⅰ中反应,得到游离胍反应液;(2)将游离胍反应液与氯乙酸水溶液分别同时泵入微结构混合器Ⅱ中,混合均匀后,在微通道反应器Ⅱ中反应得到胍基乙酸反应液;(3)     

微管式固体氧化物燃料电池制备技术及电堆组装工艺

微管式固体氧化物燃料电池(MT-SOFC)能显著减小固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的体积,微型化结构使其传质、传热和反应效率明显提高,可实现快速启动与关闭,易于移动和携带。本文概述了微管式固体氧化物燃料电池的结构、关键制备工艺、研究现状、存在问题和应用前景。对电解质支撑型、阳极支撑型及阴极支撑型MT-SOFC结构和性能进行了分析比较,介绍了等静压成型、挤出成型和相转化纺丝法制备陶瓷中空纤维的技术,综述了微管负载型电解质膜技术和微管电池堆组装技术,并对MT-SOFC发展方向及在便携电源、汽车动力电源和微反应器领域的应用进行了展望。     

连续微反应加氢技术在有机合成中的研究进展

加氢反应是有机合成中很常见的一种反应类型,采用常规的间歇加氢釜具有反应效率低、操作烦琐和安全性差等问题。而连续加氢微反应器进行非均相催化加氢反应能提供更高的传质性能,催化剂的回收利用与产物的纯化也更为方便,能极大地提高生产效率,减少贵金属催化剂的损失。因为这些优点,连续微反应加氢技术得到了越来越多的关注。本文阐述了连续微反应加氢技术中常用的微反应器与固体金属催化剂类型,以及不同官能团非均相高效催化加氢的研究进展,在此基础,对该技术在精细化工领域的应用进行了展望。连续微反应加氢技术使得加氢过程可以在更安全、更高效、更环保的条件下完成,具有很高的工业应用价值,是未来化学化工领域重点发展的方向之一。     

Microchemical Engineering: Components,Plant Concepts,User Acceptance – Part II

Over the last five years, many activities have focused on the unexploited field of carrying out reactions on small scales. Due to the rapid development of new components, this paper deals with recent developments only in a compressed form. An important point is the analysis of possible plant concepts for microreactors and whether these are a sensible option. Due to the enormous difference in size between the microchannels and the fluid periphery of possible components this is not just a technical question. It touches on the microtechnology concept as a whole. The direction in which the field should be developed and which measures can be taken to influence its development are questions that are addressed here with respect to the big industrial interest in microreactors.     

Microchemical Engineering: Components,Plant Concepts,User Acceptance – Part III

Over the last five years, many activities have focused on the unexploited field of carrying out reactions on small scales. Due to the rapid development of new components, this paper deals with recent developments only in a compressed form. An important point is the analysis of possible plant concepts for microreactors and whether these are a sensible option. Due to the enormous difference in size between the microchannels and the fluid periphery of possible components this is not just a technical question. It touches on the microtechnology concept as a whole. The direction in which the field should be developed and which measures can be taken to influence its development are questions that are addressed here with respect to the big industrial interest in microreactors.     

Microchemical Engineering: Components,Plant Concepts User Acceptance – Part I

Over the last five years, many activities have focused on the unexploited field of carrying out reactions on small scales. Due to the rapid development of new components, this paper deals with recent developments only in a compressed form. An important point is the analysis of possible plant concepts for microreactors and whether these are a sensible option. Due to the enormous difference in size between the microchannels and the fluid periphera of possible components this is not just a technical question. It touches on the microtechnology concept as a whole. The direction in which the field should be developed and which measures can be taken to influence its development are questions that are addressed here with respect to the big industrial interest in microreactors.     

Mikroverfahrenstechnik: Komponenten – Anlagenkonzeption – Anwenderakzeptanz – Teil 2

Microtechnology: Components – Plant Concepts – User Acceptance Many activities over the last five or so years have focussed on the thus far underdeveloped field of carrying out reactions on small scales. Due to the rapid development of new components, this paper touches on recent developments only in a compressed form. An important point is the analysis of possible plant concepts for microreactors and whether these are a sensible option. Due to the enormous size difference between the microchannels and the fluid periphery of possible components this is not just a technical question, it touches on the microtechnology concept as a whole. The direction in which the field should be developed and which measures can be taken to influence its development, are questions that are addressed here with respect to the big industrial interest in microreactors.     

Mikroverfahrenstechnik: Komponenten – Anlagenkonzeption – Anwenderakzeptanz – Teil 3

Microtechnology: Components – Plant Concepts – User Acceptance Many activities over the last five or so years have focussed on the thus far underdeveloped field of carrying out reactions on small scales. Due to the rapid development of new components, this paper touches on recent developments only in a compressed form. An important point is the analysis of possible plant concepts for microreactors and whether these are a sensible option. Due to the enormous size difference between the microchannels and the fluid periphery of possible components this is not just a technical question, it touches on the microtechnology concept as a whole. The direction in which the field should be developed and which measures can be taken to influence its development, are questions that are addressed here with respect to the big industrial interest in microreactors.     

Development of microreactors made of vertically aligned carbon nanotube films

Microreactors consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) microchannels have been developed. Vertically aligned CNT films with negative pattern shapes of microchannels are grown on silicon oxide films, providing CNT microchannels. Polymethyl methacrylate plates are placed on the CNT microchannels for the flow experiments. Since CNTs are hydrophobic and the silicon oxide film is hydrophilic, fluids can flow in the silicon oxide regions in the CNT microreactors. Fermat’s spiral and Y-junction type multiwalled CNT microreactors were synthesized.     

微反应器制备催化材料的研究进展及展望

近年来,微化工技术作为化学合成中的一个新兴领域、过程强化的有效手段,引起了人们的广泛关注。微反应器在微尺度通道下具有高比表面积/体积比、优良的传质传热性能,能够实现反应物的快速混合,对反应过程实现精确控制。概述了微通道反应器的特点。总结了近年来部分类型微反应器在制备催化材料方面的研究进展,包括撞击流微反应器、膜分散微反应器、微孔管式微反应器。同时参照微反应器近年来在工业生产中的应用实例,提出了结合计算机模拟系统,设计高效、稳定、低成本、多功能的连续流微反应器将是开发新型高性能催化材料及其工业化应用的重要保障。