2,6-二[4＇-（N,N-二苯基氨基）芪] 苯并[1-2,4-5]二唑的合成与发光特性

通过对二苯氨基苯甲醛与2,6-二（4-氯甲基苯基）苯并[1-2,4-5]二（口恶）唑之间的Wittig-Horner反应,设计并合成了一个2,6-二[4＇-（N,N-二苯基氨基）芪]苯并[1-2,4-5]二（口恶）唑新化合物,目的在于均二苯乙烯分子中同时引入空穴传输和电子传输结构单元,可望提高均二苯乙烯型发光材料的发光强度和光量子效率.采用UV-Vis、IR、1HNMR和元素分析等分析方法对合成产物结构进行了确认,并考察了溶剂对其光致发光特性的影响.所合成化合物的相关分析数据表明：1）其分子中的两个均二苯乙烯基均为反式＂芪＂结构特征;2）随溶剂极性增高,其UV-Vis光谱和荧光光谱的λmax红移;3）可用作蓝色发光材料.     

4，4’-（4，4’-砜基二苯氧基）二苯甲酰氯（SODBC）的合成

以对甲基苯酚、4,4’-二氯二苯砜为原料，通过亲核取代反应合成了4，4’-二（4-甲基苯氧基）二苯砜，用高锰酸钾将甲基氧化得到4，4’-（4，4’-砜基二苯氧基）二苯甲酸（SoDBA），后者在二氯亚砜和路易斯碱的催化下合成了4，4’-（4，4’-砜基二苯氧基）二苯甲酰氯（SoDBC）白色固体。用FT-IR、H—NMR、3C—NMR、DSC等对其进行了表征，实验证明该化合物具有预期的结构和较高的纯度。     

二烯酮类化合物在构建复杂有机化合物中的应用

二烯酮作为一类具有多个化学反应位点的不饱和酮类化合物,可与多种反应底物实现不同类型的化学转化,高效快捷地构建功能各异的有机化合物。该文综述了近些年二烯酮类化合物与多种反应底物的化学转化,首先探讨了2,5-环己烯酮类二烯酮与不同试剂的串联Michael-Smiles环丙烷化反应、环加成反应、三组分Ritter反应、光化学重排反应和氧化偶联反应分别构建了环丙烷类衍生物、含氟烷基N,O-缩酮类衍生物、稠环吲哚类化合物、酰胺类化合物和不对称的联芳烃类化合物,接着分析了1,4-戊二烯-3-酮类二烯酮与丙二腈（硝基甲烷）、硫氢化钠、氧化吲哚、吡唑酮、芴和巴比妥酸双Michael加成反应,分别合成了多取代环己酮类化合物、二芳基噻喃酮类化合物、螺环氧化吲哚类化合物、螺环吡唑酮类化合物、螺环芴类化合物和螺环巴比妥类衍生物,然后研究了2,4-戊二烯-1-酮类二烯酮的1,4-共轭加成、氮杂Michael加成反应、分子内MBH反应、分子内还原Aldol反应、分子内Aldol反应和分子内[4+2]环加成/氧化反应分别实现了有机含硫化合物、有机含氮化合物、多取代茚酮类化合物和SGLT2抑制剂——托格列净关键中间体的制备,最后对二烯酮在后续化学反应中的潜在应用进行了展望。     

合成甲苯-2,4-二氨基甲酸甲酯反应体系的热力学分析

由2,4 二氨基甲苯与碳酸二甲酯制备甲苯 2,4 二氨基甲酸甲酯为一复合反应体系。本文用基团贡献法计算了该反应体系的反应热、吉布斯自由能变化、化学反应平衡常数。对反应原料中甲醇的含量对甲苯 2,4 二氨基甲酸甲酯收率的影响进行了计算。计算数据与文献值及试验结果比较,表明计算结果可靠,对实验室研究及工业生产都有重要的指导意义。     

1,3,4-噁二唑类液晶化合物研究进展

介绍了近年来1,3,4-噁二唑类液晶研究进展,包括线型、星型1,3,4-噁二唑类液晶及带1,3,4-噁二唑基团的聚合物液晶。介绍了这类化合物结构与液晶性能及光电性能间的关系,所有的研究表明这类物质在制备光电器件方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

4＇,4＂（5＂）-二羟甲基二苯并-18-冠-6的合成及方法改进

优化与改进了用硼氢化钠和氯化锂还原4＇,4＂（5＂）-二甲酰基二苯并-18-冠-6合成4＇,4＂（5＂）-二羟甲基二苯并-18-冠-6的方法，使其产率由52％提高到68％。本方法具有反应时间短，方法简便等特点。     

2-[7-氟-4-（3-碘-丙-2-炔基）-3-氧-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并嗯嗪[b][1,4]-6-基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2H-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的合成

标题化合物（B2055）是具有较高原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂除草活性的N-苯基酞酰亚胺类新化合物，合成该化合物的关键步骤是2-[7-氟-4-（丙-2-炔基）-3-氧-3，4-二氢-2H-苯并曝嗪[b][1，4]-6-基]-4，5，6，7-四氢-2H-异吲哚-1，3-二酮（丙炔氟草胺，flumioxazin）的碘化。为寻求更经济和可工业化的合成路线，考察了不同的碘化剂、溶剂、原料配比、反应温度及反应时间对丙炔氟草胺的转化率和产品B2055收率的影响，在以醋酸为溶剂，氯化碘为碘化剂，原料丙炔氟草胺与氯化碘的物质的量比为1：3，反应温度为20℃，反应时间为60min的工艺条件下，原料丙炔氟草胺转化率为92．2％，产品B2055收率为90．7％。     

二烯酮类化合物在构建复杂有机化合物中的应用

二烯酮作为一类具有多个化学反应位点的不饱和酮类化合物,可与多种反应底物实现不同类型的化学转化,高效快捷地构建功能各异的有机化合物。该文综述了近些年二烯酮类化合物与多种反应底物的化学转化。首先,探讨了2,5-环己烯酮类化合物与不同试剂的串联Michael-Smiles环丙烷化反应、环加成反应、三组分Ritter反应、光化学重排反应和氧化偶联反应分别构建了环丙烷类衍生物、氮杂螺环类衍生物、含氟烷基N,O-缩酮类衍生物、稠环吲哚类化合物、酰胺类化合物和不对称联芳烃类化合物。接着,分析了1,4-戊二烯-3-酮类化合物与丙二腈(硝基甲烷)、硫氢化钠、氧化吲哚、吡唑酮、芴和巴比妥酸双Michael加成反应,分别合成了多取代环己酮类化合物、二芳基噻喃酮类化合物、螺环氧化吲哚类化合物、螺环吡唑酮类化合物、螺环芴类化合物和螺环巴比妥类衍生物。然后,介绍了2,4-戊二烯-1-酮类化合物的1,4-共轭加成、氮杂Michael加成反应、分子内Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH)反应、分子内还原Aldol反应、分子内Aldol反应和分子内[4+2]环加成/氧化反应分别实现了有机含硫化合物、有机含氮化合物、多取代茚酮类化合物和SGLT2抑制剂——托格列净关键中间体的制备。最后,对二烯酮在后续化学反应中的潜在应用进行了展望。     

3-叠氮甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷及其均聚物的合成与性能

为开发新型含能黏合剂,以三羟甲基丙烷、碳酸二乙酯、对甲苯磺酰氯、叠氮化钠为原料,合成出一种新型叠氮类氧杂环单体3-叠氮甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷（AMEO）。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了AMEO的结构与性能。以1,4-丁二醇为起始剂,三氟化硼乙醚络合物为催化剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,AMMO为单体,借助于阳离子开环聚合,合成出聚3-叠氮甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷（PAMEO）。用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析、羟值、数均分子质量表征和测定了聚合物的结构和性能。     

6，11-二氢二苯骈[6，e]氧杂[艹卓]革-11-酮-2二乙酸的合成

采用对羟基苯乙酸（Ⅱ）和苯酞为原料，在甲醇钠的催化下，以n（Ⅱ）：n（苯酞）：n（甲醇钠）=1．0：1．1：2．2，于130℃反应7h制备4-（2碳基苄氧基）苯乙酸（Ⅲ）。Ⅲ与乙酰氯经氯化、环合得6，11-二氢二苯骈[b，e]氧杂[艹卓]-11-酮-2-乙酸（Ⅰ），该步优化的反应条件为：n（Ⅲ）：n（乙酰氯）=1：125，反应温度为100％，反应时间为6h。以Ⅱ计，总收率达48．16％。Ⅰ的结构经IR、^1H NMR和MS确证。     

Optically active thermosensitive amphiphilic polymer brushes based on helical polyacetylene: preparation through “click” onto grafting method and self-assembly

Optically active, thermosensitive, and amphiphilic polymer brushes, which consist of helical poly(N-propargylamide) main chains and thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) side chains, were prepared via a novel methodology combining catalytic polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and click chemistry. Helical poly(N-propargylamide) bearing α-bromoisobutyryl pendent groups was synthesized via catalytic polymerization, followed by substituting the –Br moieties with azido groups. Then, alkynyl terminated PNIPAm formed via ATRP was successfully grafted onto the azido functionalized helical polymer backbones via click chemistry, providing the expected polymer brushes. GPC, FT-IR, and ¹H-NMR measurements indicated the successful synthesis of the novel amphiphilic polymer brushes. UV–vis and CD spectra evidently demonstrated the helical structures of the polymer backbones and the considerable optical activity of the final brushes. The polymer brushes self-assembled in aqueous solution forming core/shell structured nanoparticles, which were comprised of optically active cores (helical polyacetylenes) and thermosensitive shells (PNIPAm).     

Highly functionalized thermoplastic polyurethane from surface click reactions

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) functionalized with azido groups is useful because not only it allows the convenient introduction of various desired functional groups via the azide–alkyne click reaction, but also it is elastic, flexible, and easily proccessable. However, after undergoing click reaction with useful functional groups on polymer chain directly, the polymer becomes hard and non‐soluble in organic solvents, losing its useful properties. Therefore, a surface click reaction is performed on the azido TPU electrospun fiber to introduce specific functional groups (here amine and guanidine for catalytic reaction). The amine‐ and guanidine‐treated TPU fibers effectively convert diisopropyl fluorophosphates—the simulant of toxic nerve gases—and 2,2‐dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate—one of the insecticides to a non‐toxic product via decontamination by hydrolysis, with the amine and guanidine functional groups acting as nucleophilic catalysts. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46519.     

Facile design of biomaterials by ‘click’ chemistry

The advent of the so‐called ‘click chemistry’ a decade ago has significantly improved the chemical toolbox for producing novel biomaterials. This review focuses primarily on the application of Cu(I)‐catalysed azide–alkyne 1,3‐cycloadditon in the preparation of numerous, diverse biomaterials and biomedical materials and concepts. In addition, the thiol–ene ‘click’ reaction is addressed in the same manner, and the possibility of using both click reactions orthogonally is highlighted. A strategy for the preparation of novel intriguing poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐based nanobiomaterials by orthogonal click chemistry is elaborated. The present state of creating functional and biologically active surfaces by click chemistry is presented. Finally, conducting surfaces based on an azide‐functionalized polymer with prospective biological sensor potential are introduced. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

A one-pot approach to dendritic star polymers via double click reactions

A class of well-defined dendritic star polymers with poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCLs) on the periphery has been prepared via one-pot double click reactions (Cu-catalyzed azide/alkyne click chemistry, i.e., CuAAC and Diels–Alder [4+2] cycloaddition reactions). The predecessors for Diels–Alder reaction, maleimide end-functionalized PCLs were produced by ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Obtained dendritic star polymers were characterized by ¹H NMR, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), UV/vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy.     

“Click” reactions in polysaccharide modification

Polysaccharide chemistry is enjoying accelerating development thanks to advances in synthetic techniques, biochemistry and solvents, which enable polysaccharide materials to be useful in a variety of demanding applications. Among the synthetic advances, click chemistry has reconfigured the realm of polysaccharide modification that previously was dominated by conventional synthetic approaches such as esterification and etherification. “Click” reactions provide mild, modular, and efficient modification pathways, and equally importantly allow us to synthesize derivatives with novel functionality, architecture, and properties, that are otherwise difficult to obtain via conventional methods. Herein, we review application in polysaccharide modification of six groups of click reactions; CuAAC (copper catalyzed alkyne/azide cycloaddition), metal-free [3+2] cycloaddition, Diels–Alder reaction, oxime click, thiol-Michael reaction, and thiol-ene reaction, as well as one click-like reaction that is the subject of our own research, olefin cross-metathesis.     

Synthesis of three‐arm poly(ethylene glycol) by combination of controlled anionic polymerization and ‘click’ chemistry

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is an important water‐soluble polymer, which is widely used in the biomedical field because of its good biodegradability, biocompatibility and permeability. It is usually synthesized by anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide but side reactions lead to the formation of some oligomers. High molecular weight PEG can be obtained, however, through coordinated anionic polymerization. Recently a novel controlled anionic polymerization based on the initiating system ammonium bromide/trialkylaluminium was reported. Related studies have shown that the controlled anionic polymerization allows the synthesis of linear polyethers with low dispersity in a wide range of molecular weights at ambient temperature. Unfortunately, so far this controlled anionic polymerization has not been used to synthesize polymers with complex architectures. In the work reported here, controlled anionic polymerization was combined with ‘click’ chemistry for the first time to synthesize polyethers with multiple arms. Firstly, controlled anionic polymerization was employed to synthesize a linear bromine‐terminated PEG (PEG‐Br) using ethylene oxide as the monomer and tetraoctylammonium bromide/triisobutylaluminium as the initiating system at room temperature. The terminal bromine in the PEG thus synthesized was then converted into an azide group by the reaction of PEG‐Br and sodium azide. A trifunctional linking agent was also prepared by the reaction of trimethylolpropane and propiolic acid. By using ‘click’ chemistry, a three‐arm PEG was finally obtained through the reaction of the azide‐terminated PEG and the trifunctional linking agent. The chemical structure of the polymer thus synthesized was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and size‐exclusion chromatography with multi‐angle laser light scattering. It was found that the synthesized polyether possesses the designed structure. Considering the wide applicability of controlled anionic polymerization and ‘click’ chemistry, their combination is a valuable way to synthesize various polyethers with multiple arms. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Azido-Desferrioxamine Siderophores as Functional Click-Chemistry Probes Generated in Culture upon Adding a Diazo-Transfer Reagent

This work aimed to undertake the in situ conversion of the terminal amine groups of bacterial desferrioxamine (DFO) siderophores, including desferrioxamine B (DFOB), to azide groups to enable downstream click chemistry. Initial studies trialed a precursor-directed biosynthesis (PDB) approach. Supplementing Streptomyces pilosus culture with blunt-end azido/amine non-native substrates designed to replace 1,5-diaminopentane as the native diamine substrate in the terminal amine position of DFOB did not produce azido-DFOB. Addition of the diazo-transfer reagent imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide hydrogen sulfate to spent S. pilosus medium that had been cultured in the presence of 1,4-diaminobutane, as a viable native substrate to expand the suite of native DFO-type siderophores, successfully generated the cognate suite of azido-DFO analogues. Cu^I-mediated or strain-promoted Cu^I-free click chemistry reactions between this minimally processed mixture and the appropriate alkyne-bearing biotin reagents produced the cognate suite of 1,4-disubstituted triazole-linked DFO-biotin compounds as potential molecular probes, detected as Fe^III-loaded species. The amine-to-azide transformation of amine-bearing natural products in complex mixtures by the direct addition of a diazo-transfer reagent to deliver functional click chemistry reagents adds to the toolbox for chemical proteomics, chemical biology, and drug discovery.     

A facile strategy for preparation of single-chain polymeric nanoparticles by intramolecular photo-crosslinking of azide polymers

A series of well-defined azide polymers, poly(styrene-co-4-vinylbenzyl azide) with different content of azide groups, were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. The single-chain polymeric nanoparticles were then facilely prepared via single polymer chain collapse and intramolecular crosslinking reaction of the azide polymer in a dilute solution at room temperature under UV irradiation within several minutes. The polymeric nanoparticles were characterized with ¹H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and DLS measurements, and the mean diameter of the nanoparticles was evaluated to be 5.5 ± 0.8 nm in the dry state. Furthermore, the polymeric nanoparticles containing azide groups were successfully used to prepare the single-chain polymeric fluorescent nanoparticles via click reaction with N-propargyl carbazole.     

纤维素基水凝胶的研究进展

纤维素是世界上最丰富的天然、可再生以及可生物降解的高分子材料，在化工、材料等领域有广泛的应用。本文主要对近几年来纤维素基水凝胶的研究进展进行了归纳总结。首先，介绍了纤维素基水凝胶的研究背景。其次，列举了纤维素水基凝胶的交联方法，主要有物理交联与化学交联。其中物理交联有氢键交联、疏水性交联、离子交联等，化学交联则是酯化交联、迈克尔加成、自由基共聚合、动态共价键交联等。最后，重点介绍了纤维素基水凝胶在可降解性、生物医学性、亲水性、吸附性、导电性等领域方面的应用。此外，对于纤维素基水凝胶材料在高机械性和产业化制备等方面的发展进行了展望。     

Synthesis, characterization and modification of azide-containing dendronized diblock copolymers

A series of dendronized diblock copolymers having rigid backbone and reactive surface were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) from dendronized norbornene derivatives using the second generation Grubb's catalyst. The bromine-terminated block of those rigid nanostructures has been converted to more reactive azide groups in one straightforward step. The resulting polymers were then functionalized by post-polymerization reaction with fullerene C₆₀ (electron acceptor) using thermal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction or with porphyrin (electron donor) using copper-catalyzed “click chemistry”, the ultimate goal being the preparation of efficient polymeric materials for photovoltaic applications. While fullerene addition was not complete (approximately 50%) because of cross-linking reactions and steric hindrance on the dendrimers surface, Zn-porphyrin introduction went to completion clearly demonstrating the usefulness of click chemistry for polymer functionalization.