壳聚糖-海藻酸钠/聚丙烯腈聚离子复合膜渗透汽化分离乙酸乙酯水溶液

制备了壳聚糖-海藻酸钠/聚丙烯腈（CS-SA/PAN）聚离子复合膜,将此膜用于渗透汽化分离乙酸乙酯水溶液.用红外光谱（FT-IR）表征CS、SA、CS/SA均质膜.研究CS-SA/PAN聚离子复合膜的溶胀性、料液浓度和SA质量分数、操作温度对乙酸乙酯水溶液脱水效果的影响.实验表明：CS/SA聚离子均质膜在乙酸乙酯水溶液中的溶胀度随溶液中水质量分数的增加而增大,随SA的质量分数增加而减小,40℃、SA质量分数为2.0%时,CS/SA聚离子均质膜在乙酸乙酯质量分数为97%的水溶液中溶胀度可达51%.随着SA质量分数的增加,CS-SA/PAN聚离子复合膜的渗透通量减小,分离因子增大,40℃、SA质量分数为2.0%时,分离乙酸乙酯质量分数为97%的水溶液,CS-SA/PAN聚离子复合膜渗透通量可达348g/（m^2.h）,分离因子为7245.随着料液中水含量的增加和料液温度的升高,膜渗透通量增大,分离系数减小,渗透通量与料液温度的关系能较好地吻合Arrhenius方程.     

聚异丁烯/聚丙烯腈复合纳滤膜的研究

制备了一种PIB/PAN复合膜,对该膜在乙醇溶液体系中的性能做了一定的基础研究工作,并采用FTIR、SEM、AFM和接触角对膜进行表征。结果显示PIB均匀地涂覆在PAN支撑膜上,形成一层无孔的致密层;随着涂覆的PIB浓度的增加,膜表面的平均粗糙度呈现先增大后减少的趋势,复合膜的亲水性和亲油性都变差;复合膜对纯水没有通量,而对乙醇具有一定的渗透通量,在PIB质量分数为0.8%的时候,复合膜对乙醇水溶液具有最佳的分离特性。     

聚乙烯醇-二氧化硅/聚丙烯腈杂化复合膜渗透蒸发分离己内酰胺/水溶液

制备了以聚乙烯醇(PVA)填充纳米SiO2改性膜为活性层,聚丙烯腈(PAN)超滤膜为底膜的PVA-SiO2/PAN杂化复合膜,并用于己内酰胺(CPL)脱水。用FTIR,SEM,XRD,TGA分别对膜进行了表征,并考察了膜中纳米SiO2粒子的质量分数、进料组分质量分数和温度对复合膜分离性能的影响。结果表明,引入纳米SiO2后,杂化膜的热稳定性明显提高。当膜中纳米SiO2质量分数为1.0%时,复合膜渗透蒸发分离性能最佳。60℃下此复合膜用于分离质量分数为40%的CPL溶液时,其总通量和分离因子分别达到2 177 g/(m2.h)和349。     

改性PVA/PAN共混膜渗透汽化分离异丙醇-水溶液的研究

对自制改性聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)共混膜渗透汽化分离异丙醇-水溶液体系的性能进行了研究。分别考察了操作温度、下游表压以及异丙醇浓度对PVA/PAN共混膜渗透蒸发分离性能影响。结果表明,随着操作温度及异丙醇浓度的增大和下游压力的减小,膜的渗透通量增加,分离因子减小。在操作温度298 K、下游表压4k Pa的条件下,采用膜厚为42μm的PVA/PAN共混膜对90%(质量分数)的异丙醇-水体系进行渗透汽化分离,其渗透通量和分离因子分别达到1 940 g·m-2·h-1和22.2。     

全氟磺酸改性聚乙烯酵渗透汽化膜分离乙酸乙酯-水溶液

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为原材料,全氟磺酸（PFSA）为共混改性材料,以聚丙烯腈（PAN）中空纤维超滤膜为底膜制备了PVA／PAN、PVA-PFSA／PAN复合膜,并用于乙酸乙酯脱水。考察了共混涂膜液中PVA／PFSA配比,交联剂洒石酸（Tac）用量以及原料液温度与浓度对PVA／PAN、PVA-PFSA／PAN复合膜分离性能的影响。实验结果表明,Tac交联的PVA／PAN、PVA-PFSA／PAN复合膜均对水具有较好的分离选择性。共混涂膜液中PVA／PFSA质量比为1／1、Tac／PVA质结比为1／5时所制备的PVA-PFSA/PAN复合膜渗透汽化分离性能最佳。40℃下此复合膜用于分离98％（wt）的乙酸乙酯水溶液时,其渗透通量和分离因予分别为81.1g·m^-2·h^-1和1890。同样条件下,与交联PVA／PAN复合膜相比,交联PVA-PFSA／PAN复合膜的渗透通量显著提高。     

全氟磺酸改性聚乙烯醇渗透汽化膜分离乙酸乙酯-水溶液

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原材料,全氟磺酸(PFSA)为共混改性材料,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)中空纤维超滤膜为底膜制备了PVAfPAN、PVA-PFSA/PAN复合膜,并用于乙酸乙酯脱水.考察了共混涂膜液中PVA、PFSA配比,交联剂酒石酸(Tat)用量以及原料液温度与浓度对PVA、PAN、PVA-PFSA、PAN复合膜分离件能的影响.实验结果表明,Tac交联的PVA,PAN、PVA-PFSA/PAN复合膜均对水具有较好的分离选择性.共混涂膜液中PVA/PFSA质量比为1/1、Tac/PVA质量比为l/5时所制备的PVA-PFSA/PAN复合膜渗透汽化分离性能最佳.40下℃此复合膜用于分离98%(wt)的乙酸乙酯水溶液时,其渗透通量和分离因予分别为81.1 g·m-2·h-1和1890.同样条件下,与交联PVA/PAN复合膜相比,交联PVA-PFSA/PAN复合膜的渗透通量显著提高.     

NaA/PAN复合膜渗透汽化分离DMF/H_2O溶液的性能研究

采用流延法制备大面积的NaA/PAN分子筛复合膜,并用于渗透汽化分离二甲基甲酰胺/水(DMF/H2O)溶液。考察了料液组成、进料量和操作温度对膜分离性能的影响。实验结果表明:渗透通量随着温度的升高而增大,在DMF质量分数为20%,操作温度为24℃,料液量为1.5 m3/h,膜后侧压力为500 Pa的条件下,NaA/PAN膜的渗透通量达到1.84 kg/(m2·h),分离因子为11.5。     

利用膜分离技术回收正丁醇/水混合液的工艺研究

研究了聚乙烯醇（PVA）／聚丙烯腈（PAN）、海藻酸钠（SA）／PAN复合膜及海藻酸钠／醋酸纤维素（CA）共混膜等五种膜的渗透汽化特性,发现它们对正丁醇／水的混合液均表现为水优先透过,其渗透通量与选择分离系数都很高。并初步确定了正丁醇／水混合液渗透汽化分离的工业生产操作条件。     

聚己内酯/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮共混物的亲水性和生物降解性

用X-射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜方法对聚己内酯(PCL)/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)共混物进行表征,并对共混物进行接触角测试和体外降解试验。结果表明:PVP的加入对PCL的晶型无影响,两者在共混过程中并未发生化学反应;随着PVP质量分数的增加,共混物与水的接触角减小,黏附功和浸湿功同步增大,3种参数都在PVP质量分数为15%处发生转折;PCL/PVP共混物降解质量损失率随PVP质量分数的增加而逐渐增大,且共混物的总质量损失逐渐由以PCL为主过渡到以PVP为主,脂肪酶加速了PCL/PVP共混物的降解速率。     

PVA/PAN共混膜渗透汽化分离醋酸-水溶液的研究

对自制聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)共混膜渗透汽化分离低浓度醋酸-水溶液体系的性能进行了研究。分别考察了操作温度、下游表压以及醋酸浓度对PVA/PAN共混膜渗透蒸发分离性能影响。结果表明,随着操作温度增大和醋酸浓度及下游压力的减小,膜的渗透通量增加,分离因子减小。在操作温度323 K、下游表压8 mm Hg的条件下,采用膜厚为45μm的PVA/PAN共混膜对90wt.%的醋酸-水体系进行渗透汽化分离,其渗透通量和分离因子分别达到3746 g·m-2·h-1和3.75。     

Dehydration of ethanol through blend membranes of chitosan and sodium alginate by pervaporation

Polyion complex membranes made by blending 84% deacetylated chitosan and sodium alginate biopolymers followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde were tested for the separation of ethanol–water mixtures. The membranes were characterized by FTIR to verify the formation of the polyion complex, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to observe the effects of blending on crystallinity, DSC, and TGA to investigate the thermal stability, and tensile testing to assess their mechanical stability. The effect of experimental parameters such as feed composition, membrane thickness and permeate pressure on separation performance of the crosslinked membranes was determined. Sorption studies were carried out to evaluate the extent of interaction and degree of swelling of the blend membranes, in pure as well as mixtures of the two liquids. Crosslinked blend membranes were found to have good potential for breaking the azeotrope of 0.135 mol fraction of water and a high selectivity of 436 was observed at a reasonable flux of 0.22 kg/(m² 10 μm h). Membrane selectivities were found to improve with decreasing membrane pressure but remained relatively constant for variable membrane thickness. Increasing membrane thickness decreased the flux and higher permeate pressure caused a reduction in both flux and selectivity.     

异氰酸酯对聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯共混物性能的影响

以4,4^′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）为反应增容剂，采用熔融共混法制备了不同MDI含量的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯（PLA/TPU）共混物，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、万能试验机、冲击试验机、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和旋转流变仪对共混物力学性能、微观形态、热性能和流变性能进行了研究。结果表明：MDI可以有效改善共混物的力学性能，当MDI质量分数为1%时，共混物力学性能最佳，缺口冲击强度为40.0kJ/m²，断裂伸长率为214.1%，与未加MDI的共混物相比，分别增加了4.3倍和5.8倍，拉伸强度稍有下降（47.6MPa）；SEM表明，MDI的加入提高了共混物的相容性，加入MDI后，共混物的断面由海-岛结构变为核-壳包覆结构，相界面作用力增强；DSC测试表明，共混物的玻璃化转变温度、冷结晶温度和熔融温度随着MDI含量的增加而升高；流变测试表明，MDI质量分数的增加，共混物呈现更显著的剪切变稀行为，推测共混反应机理为：MDI质量分数的增加，体系内依次发生PLA的扩链、支化和TPU的交联。     

聚氨酯膜的制备及渗透汽化分离水中苯酚性能研究

研究通过两步反应法制备端羟基聚丁二烯基聚氨酯（HTPB-PU）渗透汽化膜,采用红外、热分析、扫描电镜等手段对其结构与性能进行了表征,研究了该膜从水中分离苯酚的渗透汽化性能。结果发现,该膜表现出良好的优先透过苯酚的分离性能。以0.5%苯酚水溶液作为料液,随着操作温度从60℃增加到80℃,渗透通量增加而分离因子下降,在60℃时,分离因子与渗透通量可分别达到23.80与2.85 kg.μm.m-2.h-1。     

Zeolite 4A-Incorporated Polymeric Membranes for Pervaporation Separation of Methanol–Methyl Acetate Mixtures

Zeolite 4A-incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVA/PVP) membranes were prepared for pervaporation separation of methanol/methyl acetate mixtures. These membranes were characterized by Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that crystallinity of the membrane decreased with the increase of zeolite 4A content. The effect of zeolite loading, feed composition and temperature on the membrane separation performance were discussed in detail. With the increase of zeolite 4A content, permeation flux increased continuously, but separation factor first increased and then decreased. The addition of 2.5 wt% zeolite 4A in the polymer membrane improved the separation factor from 12.9 (for PVA/PVP membrane) to the maximum value of 34.4 for 20 wt% methanol in feed at 45 °C. The separation factor decreased with increasing feed temperature, however, the flux increased with increasing feed temperature. Zeolite 4A-incorporated PVA/PVP membranes provide an effective method for the separation of methanol/methyl acetate azeotropic mixtures.     

新型PVA/PA复合膜的运行工艺对渗透汽化性能的影响

研究了聚乙烯醇（PVA）/聚酰胺（PA）复合膜渗透汽化（PV）分离异丙醇（IPA）/水混合物时运行工艺的影响,模拟了渗透通量（J）预测方程。结果表明,PVA/PA复合膜在料液中w（IPA）%在0～95%范围内或在25℃～100℃的操作温度范围获得的渗透液中IPA含量[w′（IPA）]都小于1%,J随料液中w（IPA）%的下降或操作温度的提高而增加。分离性能预测方程的拟合结果与试验数据有良好一致性。在室温条件下,经过90 d的间歇运行或经过120 d的长期贮存后,PVA/PA复合膜的分离性能稳定,在IPA/水混合物的共沸温度80.4℃运行时的J为73.1 g/m^2·h,渗透液中的水含量[w′（H2O）]都大于99.5%,展示了其在食品、生物、制药和化学等工业中将具有良好的应用前景。     

Separation of CO2 from CH4 by pure PSF and PSF/PVP blend membranes: Effects of type of nonsolvent,solvent, and PVP concentration

Complete CO₂/CH₄ gas separation was aimed in this study. Accordingly, asymmetric neat polysulfone (PSF) and PSF/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blend membranes were prepared by wet/wet phase inversion technique. The effects of two different variables such as type of external nonsolvent and type of solvent on morphology and gas separation ability of neat PSF membranes were examined. Moreover, the influence of PVP concentration on structure, thermal properties, and gas separation properties of PSF/PVP blend membrane were tested. The SEM results presented the variation in membrane morphology in different membrane preparation conditions. Atomic forced microscopic images displayed that surface roughness parameters increased significantly in higher PVP loading and then gas separation properties of membrane improved. Thermal gravimetric analysis confirms higher thermal stability of membrane in higher PVP loading. Differential scanning calorimetric results prove miscibility and compatibility of PSF and PVP in the blend membrane. The permeation results indicate that, the CO₂ permeance through prepared PSF membrane reached the maximum (275 ± 1 GPU) using 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone as a solvent and butanol (BuOH) as an external nonsolvent. While, a higher CO₂/CH₄ selectivity (5.75 ± 0.1) was obtained using N‐N‐dimethyl‐acetamide (DMAc) as a solvent and propanol (PrOH) as an external nonsolvent. The obtained results show that PSF/PVP blend membrane containing 10 wt % of PVP was able to separate CO₂ from CH₄ completely up to three bar as feed pressure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1139‐1147, 2013     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/壳聚糖共混水凝胶的制备与水的状态

以戊二醛作为交联剂,制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）/壳聚糖（CHI）共混水凝胶,共混物的玻璃化转变温度T_g随CHI含量的升高而升高,SEM图谱观察到PVP/CHI凝胶表面呈现随CHI∶PVP比而变化的微相分离.凝胶溶胀率随着PVP含量升高、PVP分子量降低、CHI脱乙酰度增大而升高.DSC分析表明,非冷冻状态下,CHI∶PVP为1∶2时,游离水、可冻结结合水、非冻结结合水含量分别为42.7%、43.3 %、14.0 %;CHI∶PVP为1∶8时,凝胶中含非冻结结合水少,DSC曲线上只有一个明显的失水吸热峰,由游离水与可冻结结合水叠加而成.-123℃冷冻条件下凝胶的DSC升温曲线在0、38、53℃观察到一组明显的焓化峰,这是由于低温时冻结为结晶相的游离水、可冻结结合水,随温度升高吸热又转化为游离水、可冻结结合水所致.     

Fabrication and characterization of Matrimid/MIL-53 mixed matrix membrane for CO2/CH4 separation

In this study, gas separation properties of Matrimid/MIL-53 mixed matrix membranes with different MOF weight percentages (0–20 wt.%) were investigated. TEM, XRD and DLS analysis were implemented to investigate MIL-53, structure and particles size distribution. SEM, FTIR, DSC and TGA analyses were conducted to characterize the fabricated membranes. The SEM images of these membranes showed good adhesion between polymer and particles, although for 20% MIL-53 loading, particles agglomeration was observed in some areas. Moreover, surface images of the membranes showed adequate dispersion of the particles in the polymer matrix, especially at lower MOF loadings. The permeability of pure CO₂ and CH₄ gases for all membranes were measured and the ideal CO₂/CH₄ selectivity was calculated. CH₄ permeability of membranes increased slightly as the percentage of loading increased. At 20 wt.% MOF loading, void formation led to a significant increase in CH₄ permeability (300% over pure Matrimid). CO₂ permeability showed the same trend; there was a 94% increase in permeability compared to pure Matrimid for 15 wt.% MMMs. CO₂/CH₄ selectivity also increased as MOF loading increased. The highest selectivity was shown for 15 wt.% MOF loading. This membrane had 84% growth in selectivity over pure Matrimid. Although at 20 wt.% MIL-53 loading, membrane separation performance was destroyed.     

疏水SiO2填充PDMS膜分离水中乙酸正丁酯的性能

以聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）为支撑层,选用疏水性纳米SiO₂粉体作为改性剂,制备出聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）复合膜材料,并用于乙酸正丁酯/水溶液的渗透汽化分离。采用SEM、FTIR、XRD、拉伸实验、接触角及正电子湮没寿命谱测定等对膜材料物理化学性能进行了表征,考察了膜材料的溶胀行为及渗透汽化性能。结果表明,SiO₂在PDMS膜中分散均匀,且没有发生化学作用,并提高了膜材料的机械强度和疏水性。随着SiO₂添加量增加,膜在乙酸正丁酯溶液中的溶胀度先升后降,渗透通量呈下降趋势,而分离因子先增大后减小。当SiO₂添加量为4%（质量）时,随进料浓度的增加,渗透通量增大,分离因子先增大后减小;随着温度升高,渗透通量增大,分离因子减小;渗透通量和分离因子最大值分别为240 g·m^-2·h^-1和542。