R23＋R116系汽液相平衡的测量与数据拟合

利用气相循环法的实验装置测量了R23（三氟甲烷）＋R116（六氟乙烷）二元体系在5个温度（194.33,199.71,214.90,229.63,244.94 K）下的汽液相平衡数据,利用Peng-Robinson(PR)状态方程和Soave-Redlich-Kwong(SRK)状态方程分别与Huron-Vidal(HV)混合规则相结合的两个模型对实验数据进行关联,提出了模型参数的关联式,并将两个模型的计算结果进行对比。结果表明：PR-HV模型对此二元系的关联结果较好,其压力计算值与实验值的相对偏差的平均值为0.29％,摩尔分数计算值与实验值的绝对偏差的平均值为0.0006。     

基于SRK方程混合规则修正的烃类混合物相平衡计算研究

为改进SRK方程对烃类混合物相平衡计算的准确性,采用修正方程中系数计算的混合规则,在分析众多混合规则的基础上,采用SR混合规则来计算SRK方程中的系数,基于-型相平衡模型,应用Newton-Raphson迭代算法计算求解,并将计算结果与现场实测数据进行对比分析,结果表明,采用SR混合规则后的SRK状态方程对烃类混合物的相平衡预测精度高,验证了方法的有效性,并且通过计算发现该方法不适合混合物中H2S等酸性气体的相平衡数据计算。     

CO_2-[emim][Tf_2N]二元体系汽液相平衡及超额焓研究

针对CO_2-离子液体二元体系的相平衡问题,搭建了一套汽液相平衡数据测定系统,获得了CO_2-[emim][Tf_2N]二元体系在273.15～328.15 K的汽液相平衡数据,利用PR (Peng-Robinson)状态方程、NRTL (non-random two liquid)活度系数模型结合WS (Wong-Sandler)混合规则对实验数据进行关联,并应用此模型计算得到CO_2-[emim][Tf_2N]二元体系的超额焓。结果表明:关联得到的压力计算值与实验值相比,两者的平均相对偏差为3.87%,与其他模型对比所选模型偏差最小,能够成功地关联CO_2-[emim][Tf_2N]二元体系汽液相平衡数据。进一步完善了CO_2-离子液体二元体系的关联模型。     

CO_2-C_2H_6共沸物分离的立方型状态方程选取

汽液平衡热力学模型的准确选取对CO_2-C_2H_6共沸物分离流程的设计和操作分析至关重要。在汽液平衡实验数据的基础上,依据逸度平衡原则,评估vdW、RK、SRK和PR立方型状态方程结合vdW、Margles和CVD混合规则预测CO_2纯物质、CO_2-C_2H_6共沸物和n-C_5H_(12)-CO_2-C_2H_6三元体系汽液平衡的可靠性,采用平均绝对误差的方法进行状态方程的选取。结果表明:SRK状态方程计算CO_2纯物质汽液平衡性质的精度最高;PR状态方程结合Margles混合规则可以准确计算CO_2-C_2H_6共沸体系汽液平衡特性;对于n-C_5H_(12)-CO_2-C_2H_6三元体系,SRK状态方程结合Margles混合规则计算精度明显优于vdW、RK和PR状态方程。通过试差迭代法优化CO_2-C_2H_6共沸体系和n-C_5H_(12)-CO_2-C_2H_6三元体系的二元交互作用参数,状态方程的计算精度得到明显提高。     

基于不同状态方程预测气体水合物相平衡条件

气相逸度的计算结果会直接影响气体水合物相平衡条件的预测精度。基于Chen-Guo模型,选取RK、SRK、PR以及PT四种状态方程计算逸度,分别对甲烷、乙烷以及二氧化碳三种不同气体水合物在不同温度范围内的相平衡条件进行计算。结果表明：纯水条件下,RK方程最适合预测甲烷水合物相平衡条件,而PR方程更适合预测乙烷及二氧化碳水合物相平衡条件;对于冰中,SRK方程适合预测甲烷水合物的相平衡条件,PR方程适合预测乙烷水合物的,而RK方程更适合二氧化碳水合物的;对于甲烷水合物,低于218.2 K的预测是导致模型预测精度偏低的原因;对于乙烷水合物,需要提高低于230.2 K的预测精度;对二氧化碳水合物而言,提高对低于270.7 K的预测可以进一步提高模型预测精度。     

苯酚在亚临界及超临界CO_2中溶解度的测定

利用流动法高压相平衡装置,测定了苯酚(固态)在亚临界和超临界CO_2中的溶解度.实验是在303-312K,8.5—50MPa的范围内进行.将实验数据与SRK和PR状态方程进行关联,得到了较好的结果.     

苯酚在亚临界及超临界CO_2中溶解度的测定

利用流动法高压相平衡装置,测定了苯酚(固态)在亚临界和超临界CO_2中的溶解度.实验是在303-312K,8.5—50MPa的范围内进行.将实验数据与SRK和PR状态方程进行关联,得到了较好的结果.     

基于不同状态方程预测气体水合物相平衡条件

气相逸度的计算结果会直接影响气体水合物相平衡条件的预测精度。基于Chen-Guo模型,选取RK、SRK、PR以及PT四种状态方程计算逸度,分别对甲烷、乙烷以及二氧化碳三种不同气体水合物在不同温度范围内的相平衡条件进行计算。结果表明:纯水条件下,RK方程最适合预测甲烷水合物相平衡条件,而PR方程更适合预测乙烷及二氧化碳水合物相平衡条件;对于冰中,SRK方程适合预测甲烷水合物的相平衡条件,PR方程适合预测乙烷水合物的,而RK方程更适合二氧化碳水合物的;对于甲烷水合物,低于218.2 K的预测是导致模型预测精度偏低的原因;对于乙烷水合物,需要提高低于230.2 K的预测精度;对二氧化碳水合物而言,提高对低于270.7K的预测可以进一步提高模型预测精度。     

近临界状态下甲醇——大豆油液液相平衡数据的测定与关联

测定了近临界状态下甲醇一大豆油二元体系的液液相平衡数据,温度、压力范围分别为381．2～472．2K、9．79～18．16MPa。用PR状态方程关联了所测的液液相平衡数据。PR方程中的参数a和b采用vander Walls单流体混合规则。采用单参数van der waals模型计算交互参数项aij和bij,二者各包含一可调参数kij和lij。对可调参数kij和lij,采用了与温度无关和与温度有关两种处理方法,并根据实验数据估计了可调参数值。采用与温度无关的可调参数时,用PR方程关联实验数据所得均方偏差和平均偏差（按质量分数计）分别为0．0391和0．0166;采用与温度有关的可调参数时,均方偏差和平均偏差相应为0．0380和0．0162。表明PR状态方程适用于近临界状态下甲醇与大豆油的液液相平衡计算。     

LCVM型混合规则扩展用于多参数状态方程以关联混合物汽液相平衡

基于两参数状态方程提出的LCVM混合规则是将以无穷压力为参考态的HV混合规则与以零压力为参考态的MHV1混合规则线性结合而得的,尽管没有理论基础,但对于计算非极性、极性体系给出了较好的结果.因而研究借鉴获得LCVM混合规则的思路将LCVM混合规则扩展到多参数状态方程中,即将HVOS混合规则与MHV1混合规则进行线性结合,并通过引入两个对比参数λ0,λ∞给出了适合多常数状态方程的新LCVM型混合规则.在新的LCVM型混合规则中,参数δ决定了MHV1和HVOS混合规则的相对贡献,该参数可由模型在高压和低压下拟合二元混合物的泡露点得到,通过拟合得到的值约为0.21;混合规则中的活度系数模型可以利用由低压区关联出的GE模型.采用该新混合规则模型,在较宽的温度与压力范围内,结合Harmens-Knapp(HK)方程对包括非极性体系、极性体系等在内的20种二元混合物进行了相平衡计算.计算的结果与实验数据吻合得很好.该模型与采用VDW混合规则模型的相平衡计算结果比较表明,该模型的关联精度有了很大的提高,可以在较大的温度与压力范围内关联多种体系的汽液相平衡数据.但是在混合规则中,参数b,c是依赖于经验获得,因此还有待于进一步的研究.     

Calculation of the solid solubilities in supercritical carbon dioxide using a new G mixing rule

The aim of this study is to develop a new EOS/G^ex-type mixing rule with special attention to calculating the solid solubilities of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic carboxylic acids, aromatic acids, and heavy aliphatic and aromatic alcohols in supercritical carbon dioxide. A volume correction term is applied with a combination of second and third virial coefficients which the equation for the third virial coefficient is quadratic, according to the suggestion by Hall and Iglesias-Silva. In this study, the cubic Peng-Robinson (PR) and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equations of state have been used to calculate the solid solubilities of 23 solutes in supercritical CO₂, by using six mixing rules, namely, the Wong-Sandler (WS) rule, the Orbey-Sandler (OS) rule, the van der Waals one fluid rule with one (VDW1) and two (VDW2) adjustable parameters, the covolume dependent (CVD) rule and the new mixing rule. In all cases, the NRTL model was chosen as the excess Gibbs free energy model. The coefficients of the NRTL model and the binary interaction parameters of six mixing rules with two EOSs (PR and SRK EOSs) have been determined for 100 data sets of 23 binary systems over a wide range of temperatures and pressures covering more than 970 experimental data points which are reported in the literature. The results show that the PR EOS with the new mixing rule model is more accurate than the PR and SRK EOSs with the other mixing rules for solid solubility calculations in supercritical carbon dioxide.The regressed interaction parameters of the binary system, without any further modification, were then extended to four ternary mixtures, giving satisfactory results of the solid solubilities in supercritical CO₂.     

Modeling of solid–liquid equilibria for polyethylene and polypropylene solutions with equations of state

We modeled solid–liquid equilibria (SLEs) in polyethylene and polypropylene solutions with a Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK) cubic equation of state (EOS) and a perturbed‐chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC‐SAFT) EOS. Two types of mixing rules were used with SRK EOS: The Wong–Sandler mixing rule and the linear combination of the Vidal and Michelsen mixing rules (LCVM), both of which incorporated the Bogdanic and Vidal activity coefficient model. The performance of these models was evaluated with atmospheric‐pressure and high‐pressure experimental SLE data obtained from literature. The basic SLE equation was solved for the equilibrium melting temperature instead of for the composition. The binary interaction parameters of SRK and PC‐SAFT EOS were estimated to best describe the experimental equilibrium behavior of 20 different polymer–solvent systems at atmospheric pressure and 31 other polymer–solvent systems at high pressure. A comparison with experimental data showed that SRK–LCVM agreed very well with the atmospheric SLE data and that PC‐SAFT EOS was more efficient in high‐pressure conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

A novel equation of state (EOS) for prediction of solute solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide: Experimental determination and correlation

Solubility data of organophosphorous metal extractants in supercritical fluids (SCF) are crucial for designing metal extraction processes. We have developed a new equation of state (EOS) based on virial equation including an untypical parameter as BP/RT, reduced temperature and pressure for prediction of solute solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO₂). Solubility experimental data (solubility of tributylphosphate in SC CO₂) were correlated with the two cubic equations of state (EOS) models, namely the Peng–Robinson EOS (PR‐EOS) and the Soave–Redlich–Kwong EOS (SRK‐EOS), together with two adjustable parameter van der Waals mixing and combining rules and our proposed EOS. The AARD of our EOS is significantly lower than that obtained from the other EOS models. The proposed EOS presented more accurate correlation for solubility data in SC CO₂. It can be employed to speed up the process of SCF applications in industry.     

立方扰动硬链方程

本文通过在SPHC方程中引入拟合Carnahan-Starling硬球方程所得的斥力项,建立了立方型扰动硬链状态方程.由拟合正构烷烃的饱和蒸汽压和液相密度所确定的3个纯组分参数与碳原子数呈良好线性关系.对19种纯物质饱和蒸汽压和液相密度数据计算的平均相对误差分别为1.52%和2.97%;对混合物提出了一种新的混合规则,应用于预测含短链和长链烃类及二氧化碳、硫化氢混合物的高压汽液平衡,优于采用SPHC、SRK和PT方程所得的计算结果.     

THE MODIFIED PGR EQUATION OF STATE: ASYMMETRIC MIXTURE VLE REPRESENTATIONS AND PREDICTIONS

A set of mixing rules was proposed for the modified Park-Gasem-Robinson (PGR) equation of state (EOS) to extend its predictions to mixtures. The phase behavior predictive capability of this segment-segment interaction model was evaluated for selected binary asymmetric mixtures involving ethane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen in normal paraffins. The predicted bubble point pressures for the ethane + n-paraffin and carbon dioxide + n-paraffin binaries were compared to those of the Peng-Robinson (PR), simplified perturbed hard-chain theory (SPHCT), and original PGR equations. The a priori predictive capability of the modified PGR EOS is significantly better than that of the PR, SPHCT, and original PGR equations of state for ethane binaries with absolute-average percent deviation (%AAD) of 5%. However, this EOS produces comparable representations for ethane binaries (%AAD of 1.9%) and carbon dioxide binaries (%AAD of 2.0). For hydrogen binaries, the modified PGR EOS showed much better representations (%AAD of 1.7) than the original PGR equation and was comparable to the PR equation.     

THE MODIFIED PGR EQUATION OF STATE: ASYMMETRIC MIXTURE VLE REPRESENTATIONS AND PREDICTIONS

A set of mixing rules was proposed for the modified Park-Gasem-Robinson (PGR) equation of state (EOS) to extend its predictions to mixtures. The phase behavior predictive capability of this segment-segment interaction model was evaluated for selected binary asymmetric mixtures involving ethane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen in normal paraffins. The predicted bubble point pressures for the ethane + n-paraffin and carbon dioxide + n-paraffin binaries were compared to those of the Peng-Robinson (PR), simplified perturbed hard-chain theory (SPHCT), and original PGR equations. The a priori predictive capability of the modified PGR EOS is significantly better than that of the PR, SPHCT, and original PGR equations of state for ethane binaries with absolute-average percent deviation (%AAD) of 5%. However, this EOS produces comparable representations for ethane binaries (%AAD of 1.9%) and carbon dioxide binaries (%AAD of 2.0). For hydrogen binaries, the modified PGR EOS showed much better representations (%AAD of 1.7) than the original PGR equation and was comparable to the PR equation.     

CO2-C2H6共沸物分离的立方型状态方程选取

汽液平衡热力学模型的准确选取对CO₂-C₂H₆共沸物分离流程的设计和操作分析至关重要。在汽液平衡实验数据的基础上,依据逸度平衡原则,评估vdW、RK、SRK和PR立方型状态方程结合vdW、Margles和CVD混合规则预测CO₂纯物质、CO₂-C₂H₆共沸物和n-C₅H₁₂-CO₂-C₂H₆三元体系汽液平衡的可靠性,采用平均绝对误差的方法进行状态方程的选取。结果表明：SRK状态方程计算CO₂纯物质汽液平衡性质的精度最高;PR状态方程结合Margles混合规则可以准确计算CO₂-C₂H₆共沸体系汽液平衡特性;对于n-C₅H₁₂-CO₂-C₂H₆三元体系,SRK状态方程结合Margles混合规则计算精度明显优于vdW、RK和PR状态方程。通过试差迭代法优化CO₂-C₂H₆共沸体系和n-C₅H₁₂-CO₂-C₂H₆三元体系的二元交互作用参数,状态方程的计算精度得到明显提高。     

紫杉醇在二氯甲烷-超临界二氧化碳混合溶剂中的溶解度

Phase behavior of paclitaxel in solvent mixtures of dichloromethane and supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated using a supercritical phase monitor. Cloud point pressures were determined as a function of temperature, pressure and paclitaxel content from 313.1 to 343.1 K and pressures up to 33.52 MPa. The ternary mixtures exhibit a typical lower critical solution temperature behavior. When paclitaxel content increases, the single-phase region shrinks in size. Three cubic equations of state (Redlich-Kworng, Soave-Redlich-Kwong and Peng-Robinson equation of state) coupled with the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules were selected to correlate the experimental data. The results indicate that SRK EOS coupled with two binary interaction parameters kij and lij can pre-dict paclitaxel solubility for the best fit of experimental data.     

High pressure isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria for the binary system of carbon dioxide (CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>)+1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a)

Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the binary mixture of carbon dioxide (CO₂)+1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) were measured within the temperature range of 273.15–333.15 K. The data in the two-phase region were measured by using a circulation-type equilibrium apparatus in which both vapor and liquid phases are continuously recirculated. The experimental data were correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) using the Wong-Sandler mixing rules combined with the NRTL excess Gibbs free energy model. The values calculated by the PR EOS with the W-S mixing rules show good agreement with our experimental data.