固液两相声共振混合数值模拟

声共振混合作为一种解决力/热敏感超细材料均匀分散混合问题的新方法,其技术特点是混合容器工作在共振状态下使用不超过200Hz的振动产生低频声场促进混合。本文采用气固液三相流模型对一种固体、一种液体在声共振混合容器中的混合过程进行建模。固体颗粒与液体之间相互作用系数采用Gidaspow公式。采用固体颗粒体积分数标准偏差作为标准对混合均匀性进行了评价。计算结果表明,在100g振动加速度下容器中出现了体流现象,并初步计算了不同高宽比、不同激振参数条件下的混合特性,对计算结果进行了分析。最后利用自搭建的声共振混合样机,分别在低固含量、高固含量条件下进行实验,记录混合过程中固体颗粒的运动轨迹。实验结果初步验证了仿真模拟的正确性以及声共振样机的混合能力。     

液固流化床内固含率时空分布特性的CFD模拟

采用Brandani等考虑拟平衡状态下颗粒与流体相互作用的双流体模型,通过在商业软件CFX4.4平台上增加用户自定义子程序模拟了高0.5 m、宽0.1 m的二维液固流化床内固含率的时空分布特性。为了保证数值模拟精度、节省计算机运行时间,首先确定了适宜的网格尺度、时间步长和收敛判据。随后,考察了液固两相物性和操作条件对流化床内固含率时空分布特性的影响,模拟结果表明：增大颗粒粒径或密度会使颗粒向下加速运动,导致床层高度下降而垂直方向上任一水平面的平均固含率呈现增大的趋势;减小液体黏度或密度则会使颗粒向下加速运动,导致床层固含率增大;突然增大液速会使颗粒向上加速运动,导致床层固含率减小;升高温度的实质是使液体的黏度和密度均呈现下降的趋势,结果使颗粒向下加速运动,床层固含率增大。上述模拟结果与颗粒受力的理论分析相一致。     

液-固流化床中滤料流场及固含率分布

用PV4A测速仪和CFD数值模拟的方法对液-固流化床内滤料(固体颗粒)的流动行为进行了研究,得出了流化床内滤料的流场分布状况.试验结果表明:流化床中铜锌合金(KDF)滤料的运动速度和固含率随流化床高度的增加分别呈现出先上升后下降的趋势;而沿径向从中心至管壁则呈下降趋势.模拟结果显示的固相运动速度和体积分率的轴径向分布趋势与试验测定结果基本吻合.     

气固多相旋转射流的数值模拟研究

以气固多相旋转射流的偏微分方程组为基础,针对采用k-ε双方程湍流模型模拟旋转湍流场尚存的不足,本文通过对湍流耗散率方程修正的方法,数值模拟研究了气相湍流场、颗粒运动轨迹和轴向速度分布规律,开发研制出相应的通用计算软件,其预测结果与LDV实测值吻合较好.     

低固含率气-液-固循环流化床流动特性

应用基于互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal oxide semiconductor,CMOS)传感器的高速图像采集和处理技术,实验研究了低固含率条件下,低密度大孔吸附树脂固体颗粒气-液-固三相循环流化床的流体力学行为,分析了操作条件、液相物性、颗粒性质等对床内的固体颗粒循环速率、相含率、气泡运动等特性的影响,得到了具有合理物理解释的实验数据和结果。     

气固多相双通道同轴射流湍流场的数值模拟(1)

以气体湍流运动方程组、ｋε双方程湍流模型及颗粒群运动的轨道模型为基础,气体湍流场的计算采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ数值计算方法,颗粒群的运动方程采用ＲｕｎｇｅＫｕｔａ方法求解,开发研制出相应的通用计算软件,可以理论模拟预测工程气固流动中的气体湍流场的速度分布、颗粒运动速度场及颗粒的空间运动轨迹等。     

气固多相双通道同轴射流湍流场的数值模拟(2)

运用气固多相流数值模拟软件对双通道同轴气固射流湍流场进行了数值模拟研究,预测结果与ＬＤＶ激光测速仪测得的固体颗粒速度分布值进行了比较,结果表明,吻合较好,该软件为气固多相流工程设备的快速、经济的开发研究提供了相应的辅助工具,同时,也是理论研究气固多相化学反应流的基础。     

考虑流固耦合低渗透储层数值模拟研究

针对低渗透储层的渗流特征,基于流固耦合的基本理论,考虑低渗透油藏渗流时启动压力梯度和低渗储层的流——固耦合特性,将渗流力学与弹塑性力学相结合,建立适合低渗透油藏的流——固耦合渗流数学模型。在油藏岩土应力和应变分析基础上,结合有效应力原理和岩石骨架本构关系,建立了低渗透储层岩层骨架的数学模型,包括孔隙度方程、平衡方程、几何方程、岩石骨架本构关系等。通过考虑流——固耦合数值模拟的计算结果可以看出,低渗透油藏中流——固耦合效应是十分明显的。     

微藻柱状式光生物反应器流动特性及结构的数值模拟优化

微藻作为最具潜力的可再生生物质能源,在生物固碳和生物燃料生产领域优势显著,有助于碳达峰、碳中和目标的实现。通过改善反应器曝气装置的性能可以大幅度提高微藻的培养效率,本工作采用数值模拟方法对柱式光生物反应器的球型曝气结构进行了优化。模拟采用欧拉模型,湍流模型选取k-ε模型,研究分析了不同曝气装置条件下气含率、平均液相速度、湍流动能几种参数的变化和光生物反应器内的流场情况。结果表明,曝气装置结构的变化对光生物反应器内的流动特性具有很大的影响,通过曝气装置向反应器内通气,气含率、平均液相速度、湍流动能随着曝气量的增大而增大,随着曝气装置孔径的增大而减小。综合各相关参数得到当总曝气量为1400 mL/min、曝气孔数为50、曝气孔径为30μm时,曝气装置性能最好,此时测得气含率为68.6%,平均液相速度为0.905 m/s,湍流动能为0.149 m²/s²。     

三螺杆分散混合数值模拟及实验分析

为了研究平行同向啮合三螺杆挤出机的分散混合效果,采用离散元法对三螺杆挤出机中聚丙烯(PP)/低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)两种塑料颗粒在加料段的混合情况进行数值模拟.首先建立了三螺杆挤出机的三维模型,在EDEM软件中仿真出不同螺杆转速下挤出机的混合效果,通过对收集盒分层处理计算得出混合过程中混合均匀度的变化趋势.分析结果表...     

Study on high‐solid content Si/PU polyurethane dispersion with PES/PPG composite soft segment

A polyol consists of silicone chains and epoxy acrylate structures, referred to as silicon polyether (PES), was used to prepare crosslinked Si/PU dispersions. Both PES and propylene oxide glycol (PPG) were mixed as soft segments. The effects weight ratios of PES to PPG on properties of the resultant polyurethane dispersions were studied. Morphology and properties of the Si/PU dispersions were characterized by particle size, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and viscometer. It is shown that the Si/PU dispersions possessed wider particle size distribution and higher average particles diameter because of the use of PES, which contains crosslinked silicone side chains. The Si/PU dispersions have higher solid content as compared to the conventional water‐based polyurethane, because of the volume fraction ratio of bigger particle to small particle from the Si/PU dispersions. As increasing weight ratio of PES to PPG, the solid content of the Si/PU dispersions increased firstly, and then decreased. When the ratio ranges from 4 : 10 to 5 : 10, solid content of the Si/PU dispersions is up to 55%. It was also noticed that apparent viscosity of the Si/PU dispersions decreased with increasing PES to PPG ratio. In the Si/PU dispersions, solid content was increased and viscosity was decreased by the use of PES. Therefore, PES is a potential compound for the application of PU dispersions. In addition, stability of the crosslinked Si/PU dispersions decreases slightly at high‐ and low‐temperature; however, which can meet the basical requirements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

高固含量双组分混合聚酯型水性聚氨酯的合成

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为硬段、混合双组分聚酯二元醇和1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为软段、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水扩链剂、三乙胺(TEA)为中和剂和乙二胺(EDA)为后扩链剂等,采用预聚体分散法合成了系列高固含量的水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液。以固含量、黏度和吸水率等为衡量指标,比较了不同聚酯二元醇的混合效果。结果表明:当混合聚酯中n(PBA或PCDL)∶n(PEBA或PCDL)=1∶1、w(DMPA)≈3.4%(相对于预聚体而言)、n(-NCO)∶n(-OH)=1.03∶1和中和度为96%时,由PBA2000/PCDL2000混合聚酯二元醇制取的WPU乳液,其固含量较高(48.70%)、黏度最低(542 mPa.s)且综合性能相对较好。     

Numerical investigation of gas mixing in gas‐solid fluidized beds

Gas mixing in a tall narrow fluidized bed operated in the slugging fluidization regime is simulated with the aid of computational fluid dynamics. In the first part, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of various parameters on the gas mixing. Among the parameters studied, the specularity coefficient for the partial‐slip solid‐phase wall boundary condition had the most significant effect on gas mixing. It was found that the solid‐phase wall boundary condition needs to be specified with great care when gas mixing is modeled, with free slip, partial slip and no‐slip wall boundary conditions giving substantial differences in the extent of gas back mixing. Axial and radial tracer concentration profiles for different operating conditions are generally in good agreement with experimental data from the literature. Detailed analyses of tracer back mixing are carried out in the second part. Two parameters, the tracer backflow fraction and overall gas backflow fraction, in addition to axial profiles of cross‐sectional averaged tracer concentrations, are evaluated for different flow conditions. Qualitative trends are consistent with reported experimental findings. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

The axial dispersion of liquid solutions and solid suspensions in planar oscillatory flow crystallizers

The planar oscillatory flow crystallizer (planar-OFC) was designed with a rectangular cross-section to improve the flow and suspension of solids of conventional OFCs. Residence time distribution experiments with liquid and solid tracers were performed to assess the effect of the net flow rate, Q , the frequency, f , and the amplitude of oscillation, x₀ , on the axial dispersion of liquids, , and solids, , in three planar-OFCs with different geometries. It was found that Q and f have in general positive effects on and , and x₀ has negative effects. Furthermore, identical values of and were obtained in each crystallizer. It was also found that the interaction between Q and x₀ is the most significant one in all systems. These results show that the three crystallizers have similar axial dispersion performances with liquids and solids. This is of paramount importance for multiphase systems such as crystallization.     

数值模拟研究螺纹元件的混合性能

使用FEM方法数值模拟了同向双螺杆螺纹混合元件和普通螺纹元件流道中硬聚氯乙烯的流动过程,计算了2种螺纹元件流道内熔体的非等温流场,使用粒子示踪法统计分析了2种螺纹元件流道内熔体的混合性能.研究结果表明,螺纹混合元件具有较均匀的剪切速率分布、较平缓的温度分布和较强的分散与分布混合能力,但是其输送能力较小.     

3‐D numerical simulations on flow and mixing behaviors in gas–liquid–solid microchannels

Three‐dimensional (3‐D) gas‐liquid–solid flow and mixing behaviors in microchannels were simulated by coupled volume of fluid and discrete phase method and simulations were validated against observations. The detachment time and length of gas slug are shortened in liquid–solid flow, compared with those in liquid flow due to higher superficial viscosity of liquid–solid mixture, which will move the bubble formation toward the dripping regime. Solid particles mainly distribute in liquid slug and particle flow shows obvious periodicity. With the increase of contact angle of the inner wall, gas slug (0–50°), stratified (77–120°), and liquid drop (160°) flows are observed. The residence time distributions of solid and liquid phases are similar because particles behave as tracers. The backmixing of solid and liquid phases in liquid drop flow is the weakest among the three flow patterns, and the backmixing of gas phase in slug flow is weaker than that in both stratified and liquid drop flows. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of microreactors. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1934–1951, 2013     

用二聚酸聚酯二元醇制备高固体物含量聚氨酯分散体

以二聚酸聚酯二元醇、二羟甲基丙酸、三羟甲基丙烷及异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯等为原料,用预聚法合成了固体物质量分数50%以上的聚氨酯分散体(PUD).PUD的平均粒径在90～150 nm,12 r/min搅拌速率下的剪切黏度绝大多数在500 mPa·s以下.透射电镜分析显示PUD呈现胶粒间大小和形状互不相同的多分散体系.动态力学分析表明试样胶膜的玻璃化转变温度在-40～-35℃,NCO/OH(摩尔比)的增大使PUD胶膜的玻璃化转变温度升高.热重分析显示PUD胶膜在280℃开始分解,其拉伸强度为14.1～25.0 MPa,扯断伸长率为508%～716%,吸水率为2.44%～4.56%.