多孔涤纶的制备工艺及性能

为获得具有孔隙结构的涤纶,利用碱处理的方法将具有中空结构的涤纶浸入NaOH溶液中,通过NaOH对涤纶的水解作用在中空涤纶的表面产生刻蚀,从而形成多孔的纤维结构.分别考察了不同质量浓度、温度及浸渍时间条件下,所形成多孔纤维的形貌特征、孔隙率、力学性能及所制备织物的亲水性.结果 表明,采用碱处理法能够有效地制备多孔涤纶,孔...     

碱处理对CDP纤维与PTT/PA6复合纤维混纺织物的影响

以阳离子可染聚酯(CDP)纤维为经纱的主要成分,聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)/聚已内酰胺( PA6)复合纤维为纬纱,进行混纺获得CDP与PA6混纺织物.用不同碱浓度、温度和时间对混纺织物进行碱处理,考察了碱处理条件对碱减量的影响,研究了碱减量对混纺织物的力学性能、染色性能等的影响.结果表明:混纺织物的碱减量随碱浓度的...     

Aircell纤维织物的吸湿、导湿性能研究

通过对Aircell纤维织物的毛细效应、透湿性和透气性进行测试,并与其他织物选行比较,研究了Aircell纤维织物的吸湿、导湿性能。结果表明：Aircelt纤维织物的毛细高度稍低于竹纤维／棉织物,远高于棉织物和涤纶织物;透湿性稍低于Coolmax混纺织物,远高于棉织物、麻织物和涤纶织物;透气性远远高于涤纶织物,也高于棉织物、天丝织物,因此认为Aircell纤维织物是一种新的吸湿、导湿材料。     

棉/涤纶混纺织物热失重法定量测试

研究了棉/涤纶混合物的热失重曲线,根据热失重特征得到了其混合物热失重定量分析方法,并与化学溶解法对比,验证了该方法对各种比例的棉/涤纶混纺织物的适用性。     

超仿棉纤维的开发及应用

介绍了棉纤维与涤纶短纤维在结构与性能上的区别,运用物理改性或化学加物理改性等多种技术对常规涤纶短纤维的形态、微观结构进行“改造”,使改性后的涤纶短纤维在手感、观感及性能上仿棉,功能上超棉,然后再通过纺织及后整理加工技术的整合提升,使超仿棉织物在手感、观感及穿着的舒适性和功能性等方面达到或超越棉织物.     

Alkaline treatment of cotton in different reagent mixtures with reduced water content. I. Influence of alkali type and additives

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of some swelling agents with reduced water content on final properties of cotton fabrics. A single‐step swelling of cotton in the reagent was used. There were selected properties generally used to characterize mercerized cotton that are technologically important, such as water retention, shrinkage, stiffness, crease recovery angle, and hand. Water retention method and dyeing with CI Direct Red 81 have been used to compare the degree of swelling for different samples. Correlations have been established between structural changes induced by the swelling agents and final properties of cotton fabric. The mixtures of an alkali solution and an additive produced similar or better end‐use properties as compared with classical sodium hydroxide or ammonia treatments, combining the action of a diluted alkali solution (3.13 mol/L NaOH or KOH) and a nonalkali reagent. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2848–2855, 2006     

负载织物对纳米TiO2光催化剂净化氨气性能的影响

制备了纳米光催化剂悬浮液,借助后整理工艺对3种织物进行负载加工,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对其进行了表征. 通过自行设计的小型环境舱和光催化反应器重点考察了棉机织物、涤纶机织物和涤/棉混纺机织物对纳米光催化剂净化氨气性能的影响,并比较了在不同负载织物表面上纳米光催化剂的活性. 结果表明,负载纳米光催化剂的棉织物的氨气净化性能高于负载纳米光催化剂的涤纶织物和涤/棉混纺织物的氨气净化性能. 在负载Ag-TiO2光催化剂的条件下,负载涤纶织物和涤/棉混纺织物对氨气的净化性能有所加强.     

易染超仿棉涤纶长丝织物的开发与设计

采用易染色超仿棉涤纶长丝,通过对长丝性能进行检测,确定织物风格,开发出一种如丝般柔滑的超仿棉涤纶长丝织物。经检测结果表明:该超仿棉涤纶织物吸湿透气、手感滑爽清凉、抗起毛起球性能优异;此外,它还能采用常压沸染,在不使用碱减量处理的前提下达到柔软舒适的效果,低碳环保,符合当今纺织品的发展趋势。     

醇碱联合法回收废旧纯涤纶纺织品技术

采用醇碱联合法溶解废旧纯涤纶纺织品并进行回收。利用单因素试验法分析碱金属化合物的种类、醇的种类、溶解时间、反应温度和二氧六环(DX)的体积分数等因素对涤纶溶解效果的影响。试验得出,溶解废旧涤纶的最佳条件为:以氢氧化钾作为碱金属化合物,乙醇作为水解醇,溶解时间为30~40 min,溶解温度170℃,DX的体积分数为20%。     

涂覆聚氨酯的聚酯/氨纶复合织物的定量分析研究

研究了涂覆聚氨酯(PU)的聚酯/氨纶复合织物(简称PU涂层复合织物)的定量分析方法,探讨了以四氢呋喃和环己酮作为溶剂在不同温度条件下对去除PU涂层复合织物中的PU涂层的效果,对去除PU涂层后的PU涂层复合织物进行其中的聚酯纤维含量(G)的测定并分析了未涂覆PU的相应聚酯/氨纶复合织物中的聚酯纤维含量(G0).结果表明:...     

硫化黑染涤/棉织物的两浴法染色工艺研究

本文研究了固体硫化黑染料对涤/棉织物的染色工艺,讨论了硫化黑染料和分散黑染料用量、染棉和染涤的先后顺序、是否经过前处理等工艺对涤/棉织物染色深度和染色牢度的影响,结果证明,使用两浴法用硫化黑染涤/棉的染色效果很好,并且可省去前处理工艺.     

PLA/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色

本文通过研究聚乳酸纤维的染色工艺特点,探讨国内外涤/棉、PLA/棉混纺织物染色工艺技术进展,分析分散/活性染料一浴一步法染PLA/棉混纺织物存在的技术问题,提出了适合PLA/棉一浴一步法染色的染料及染色方法,并对一浴一步法染色的前景做了展望.     

Action of alkali metal hydroxides on cotton

The swelling of cotton increased continuously as the concentration of LiOH solution was raised progressively to saturation. In contrast, the swelling of cotton treated with NaOH or KOH leveled off at higher concentrations after increasing initially. The maximum swelling achieved with NaOH was higher than that obtained with LiOH, which was higher than that given by KOH. Accessibility of cotton treated with LiOH solutions, as indicated by sorption ratios, was lower than that of cotton treated with NaOH or KOH solutions of similar concentrations. The level-off degree of polymerization (LODP) of cotton treated with similar concentrations of alkali decreased in the order LiOH, NaOH, KOH. The reactivity, as indicated by acetylation, of cotton treated with alkali metal hydroxides, washed with water, and never dried was measured. At concentrations between 5.5.N and 8.2N, the rate of increase of reactivity was relatively low for cotton treated with NaOH, and no increase was observed for cotton treated with KOH. The reactivity of LiOH-treated cotton continued to increase sharply up to treatment with a saturated solution of the alkali. A limited number of observations were also made on cotton treated with CsOH and RbOH. Accessibility, reactivity, extent of swelling, and LODP values, together with x-ray data, are discussed in relation to the fine structure of the alkali-treated fiber.     

Chemical modification of nylon 6 and polyester fabrics by ozone‐gas treatment

In a previous article, we reported on the ozone‐gas treatment of wool and silk fabrics in relation to the gas‐phase processing of textile fabrics. The treatment incorporated an oxygen element into the fiber surface and contributed to an increase in water penetration into the fabric. In this study, nylon 6 and polyester fabrics were treated with ozone gas in the same way as that of the wool and silk fabrics. The treatment incorporated much more oxygen into the fiber surface in the form of ? COH and ? COOH, as shown by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Water penetration increased considerably with treatment, and the apparent dyeing rate and equilibrium dye uptake were also improved, especially for the polyester fabric, despite an increase in the crystallinity. Therefore, it seemed that the treatment brought about a change not only in the fiber surface but also in the internal structure of the fibers (the crystalline and amorphous regions) with regard to the dyeing behavior. Further, the mechanical characteristics of the ozone‐gas‐treated polyester and nylon 6 fabrics were measured with a Kawabata evaluation system apparatus. The shearing modulus and hysteresis widths increased with treatment, especially for the polyester fabric. Therefore, it was clear that the treatment caused a change in the fabric hand to crisp. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1344–1348, 2006     

聚氨酯改性聚醚嵌段聚硅氧烷的合成、表征及应用

用Si—H封端的聚甲基氢硅氧烷与烯丙基聚醚的硅氢化加成反应,合成了羟基封端的聚醚-b(嵌段)-聚硅氧烷(PESO),再将其与2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)反应,制得了聚氨酯改性聚醚-b-聚硅氧烷(TESO)。用IR、1HNMR、SEM等对TESO进行了结构表征、成膜性观察及应用效果考察。结果表明,TESO能与阴阳离子树脂、助剂配伍使用;在100%棉、聚酯/黏胶(T65/C35)纤维表面,TESO可形成一层相对光滑的亲水性硅膜。经TESO整理后的棉织物,其径(w)、纬(f)向弯曲刚度分别从整理前的146.5(w)、318.8(f)mN下降为106(w)和189(f)mN,折皱回复角(w+f)则从129°增大至220.8°,而织物的静态吸水时间却只有2.68 s。可见经TESO处理后的织物柔软性增加、弹性增强,吸湿性良好。     

Flame retardant finishing of the polyester/cotton blend fabric using a cross‐linkable hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer

Blend fabrics of cotton and polyester are widely used in apparel, but high flammability becomes a major obstacle for applications of those fabrics in fire protective clothing. The objective of this research was to investigate the flame retardant finishing of a 50/50 polyester/cotton blend fabric. It was discovered previously that N,N′‐dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) was able to bond a hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) onto 50/50 nylon/cotton blend fabrics. In this research, the HFPO/DMDHEU system was applied to a 50/50 polyester/cotton twill fabric. The polyester/cotton fabric treated with 36% HFPO and 10% DMDHEU achieved char length of 165 mm after 20 laundering cycles. The laundering durability of the treated fabric was attributed to the formation of polymeric cross‐linked networks. The HFPO/DMDHEU system significantly reduced peak heat release rate (PHRR) of cotton on the treated polyester/cotton blend fabric, but its effects on polyester were marginal. HFPO/DMDHEU reduced PHRR of both nylon and cotton on the treated nylon/cotton fabric. It was also discovered that the nitrogen of DMDHEU was synergistic to enhance the flame retardant performance of HFPO on the polyester/cotton fabric.     

Novel hydrolysable azo disperse dyes based on N‐ester‐1,8‐naphthalimide: dyeing of polyester–cotton blends

The dyeing of polyester–cotton blends with new alkali‐hydrolysable azo disperse dyes based on N‐ester‐1,8‐naphthalimide was investigated. Polyester–cotton blend fabrics were dyed using both one‐ and two‐bath methods. Dyes 3 and 4 offered lower colour yield on polyester using the one‐bath method. For the rest of the dyes, employing either the one‐ or two‐bath method resulted in a similar colour yield on polyester fabric. The results for fastness properties and colour yield of the dyeings showed that the dyes were suitable for dyeing polyester–cotton blends using the one‐bath method. The kinetic study of hydrolysis of the dyes in alkali media obeyed the pseudo first‐order reaction rate.     

Alkali treatments of lyocell in continuous processes. I. Effects of temperature and alkali concentration on the treatments of plain woven fabrics

Experiments were conducted that were designed to study the influence of various process parameters on the properties of lyocell fabrics treated with NaOH solutions in a continuous process. The process parameters of interest were the fabric type (plain, twill, or sateen woven), alkali concentration, tension on the fabric, temperature, and duration of the treatment. In this article, we present the first set of results from these experiments and examine the effect of NaOH concentration, temperature, and tension in the continuous alkali treatments of plain woven lyocell fabrics. Alkali treatments caused fiber swelling in the fabrics to extents governed by the alkali concentration and temperature of the treatment liquors. Fiber swelling caused fabric shrinkage, which resulted in changes to the fabric macroscopic structure and properties. Changes were observed in the flexural rigidity, water retention, crease recovery, strength, and abrasion resistance of the fabrics to extents governed predominantly by swelling‐related changes to the fabric structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

吸湿排汗针织面料的纤维素酶柔软整理

对以纯棉纱为面纱、COOLCOOL涤纶低弹丝为底纱制织的针织纬编添纱组织的织物面料进行纤维素酶洗柔软整理,研究处理时间、处理浴pH值、处理温度、纤维素酶用量等对试样柔洗效果以及对织物的吸湿排汗性能的影响规律,并且得出优化的酶洗柔软整理工艺。对整理后的针织布的悬垂性、透气性、透湿性、液态水扩散速度、毛细芯吸高度进行测试分析,结果表明：COOLCOOL纤维／棉针织布的悬垂系数小;透气量、透湿性大;芯吸高度好;液态水扩散速度大,说明COOLCOOL纤维／棉针织布的舒适性好。