几种单层桨搅拌槽内宏观混合特性的比较

为了丰富对向心桨的混合特性的认识,比较了向心桨、Rushton桨、三斜叶桨和穿流桨的单层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性,考察了搅拌转速、桨叶离底高度对搅拌槽混合时间和功率特性的影响。结果表明,四种桨的宏观混合时间均随着搅拌转速的增加而减少,搅拌功率均随转速的增加逐渐增大。当转速相同时,四种桨型中Rushton桨的功率消耗最大,三斜叶桨功率消耗最小,向心桨的功率消耗仅仅比三斜叶桨高。桨叶离底高度的变化对四种桨型的混合时间和功率的影响不尽相同。混合效率的影响因素大小顺序为：搅拌转速>桨型>桨叶离底高度。在考察的四种桨型中,向心桨的混合效率最高。研究成果可为向心桨等新型搅拌桨的工业应用积累实验数据,为其优化设计和放大提供理论依据。     

几种单层桨搅拌槽内宏观混合特性的比较

为了丰富对向心桨的混合特性的认识,比较了向心桨、Rushton桨、三斜叶桨和穿流桨的单层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性,考察了搅拌转速、桨叶离底高度对搅拌槽混合时间和功率特性的影响。结果表明,四种桨的宏观混合时间均随着搅拌转速的增加而减少,搅拌功率均随转速的增加逐渐增大。当转速相同时,四种桨型中Rushton桨的功率消耗最大,三斜叶桨功率消耗最小,向心桨的功率消耗仅仅比三斜叶桨高。桨叶离底高度的变化对四种桨型的混合时间和功率的影响不尽相同。混合效率的影响因素大小顺序为:搅拌转速桨型桨叶离底高度。在考察的四种桨型中,向心桨的混合效率最高。研究成果可为向心桨等新型搅拌桨的工业应用积累实验数据,为其优化设计和放大提供理论依据。     

多层桨功率准数的CFD模拟研究

为考察多层桨的功率准数,采用CFD方法对不同桨型及层间距的组合进行模拟。研究发现,对多层轴流桨以及轴流桨和径流桨的组合,最上层搅拌器的功率准数基本不变,3层搅拌器时,中间层搅拌器的功率准数降低为基准值的60%。对多层轴流桨PBT的组合,由于流型的影响,下部搅拌器的功率准数有所降低,层间距与桨径相等时,2层PBT的功率准数为单层桨的1.75倍,3层PBT时,总功率准数为单层桨的2.35倍。对径流桨与轴流桨的组合,径流桨的功率准数和最上层轴流桨的功率准数都基本不变。研究结果可为工业中搅拌功率的计算提供依据。     

一种新型搅拌桨多相混合性能研究

提出了一种新构型的搅拌桨一错位桨,并以空气-水-石英砂三相体系为研究对象,与传统的径流桨(Rushton桨)和轴流桨(斜叶桨)在功率消耗、混合时间、气体循环方面进行了比较.结果表明,错位桨相对于传统Rushton桨,功率消耗降低.适应气速范围广,轴向混合能力明显提升;在同等条件下与斜叶浆相比,气体分散能力强,混合时间少.这种新型桨能克服径向流叶轮在轴向混合方面能力的缺陷,有较好的潜在工业应用价值.     

新型同心双轴搅拌器功率与混合特性的数值模拟

基于同心双轴搅拌器的结构与运行特点,建立了兼顾其流动、混合过程的三维数学模型,并以过程工业应用较多的两种不同尺寸双层组合桨作为内桨、框式桨作为外桨构成的同心双轴搅拌器为研究对象,数值模拟了其在中高黏牛顿流体中同向及反向转动模式的功率特性、流场特性及混合特性。模拟结果表明,同向转动模式下,整个系统的搅拌功耗更小、混合效率更高;外桨功耗受内桨影响较大,一般随内桨转速的增大,恒速外桨的功耗同向转动时会减小、反向转动时会增大;对由桨式搅拌器构成的组合式内桨而言,当内桨直径与釜体直径之比为0.35左右时,相同Reynolds数下的单位体积混合能更小;中高黏牛顿流体中,同心双轴搅拌器的内桨采用上层六斜叶桨+下层六直叶桨的组合形式时更高效节能,仅在体系Reynolds数小于36时,上层二斜叶桨+下层二直叶桨的内桨组合形式才具有相对优势。     

固-液搅拌槽内桨型对颗粒悬浮特性影响的实验和模拟研究

以水为液相,玻璃珠为固相,在固-液搅拌槽内比较了传统径向流Rushton桨、轴向流下推式45°六斜叶桨以及新型半折叶搅拌桨的功耗、泵送能力和对固体颗粒的悬浮效果。并应用CFD （Computational fluid dynamics）方法研究了不同搅拌桨操作下颗粒的轴向速度分布。结果表明：在相同转速下,Rushton桨的功耗最大,新型半折叶桨与下推式45°六斜叶桨的功耗接近;新型半折叶桨的流量准数最大,泵送能力最强;在固-液体系中,新型半折叶桨与下推式45°六斜叶桨的流型类似,但3种桨中新型半折叶桨对固体颗粒的悬浮效果最好。     

多层桨搅拌槽内的微观混合特性

在直径0.476 m的多层桨搅拌槽内,采用平行竞争反应工作体系,就不同的多层桨型组合、进料时间、搅拌转速及进料位置对产物分布的影响规律进行了系统的实验研究,并采用涡旋卷吸模型就加料位置等操作条件对产物分布的影响进行了模拟计算,模拟值与实验值吻合. 结果表明,对于多层桨搅拌体系,在液面处加料时产物分布主要由上层桨的桨型决定,底层桨的排出流区加料时主要由底层桨的桨型及功率决定. 卷吸模型能够较好地描述搅拌槽内的微观混合过程.     

搅拌槽内多层组合桨对液-液分散特性的影响

以水-煤油及水-环己烷为体系,研究Rushton涡轮桨(RT),半椭圆管涡轮(HEDT)及翼形轴流式桨(CBY)的6种不同组合桨的液-液分散特性。测定了不同输入功率时分散相体积分率沿轴向及径向的分布。结果表明:当搅拌槽内液位与槽径之比达1.5,在相同输入功率时,三层桨的液液分散性能优于两层桨,功率准数较低的CBY组合桨在输入功率0.8kW/m~3时,槽内的轴向及径向分散相体积分率达到稳定的均匀分布。而功率准数较大的RT组合桨需要在输入功率1.8kW/m~3才能达到槽内分散相的均匀分布。     

改进型框式组合桨搅拌釜内流场特性

对5m³树脂反应釜及釜内改进型框式-二斜叶双层组合桨等比例缩小建立模型,基于计算流体力学（CFD）中的多重参考系法对该双层组合桨搅拌釜流场进行了模拟研究,并利用粒子图像测速（PIV）实验对模拟结果进行了验证。分析了桨叶离底间距、桨间距及组合桨安装角度的变化对流场产生的影响。随着离底间距的增大,搅拌釜下层框式桨横梁处产生往槽底的轴向流强度会逐渐减弱,不利于底部物料的混合;桨间距的增加导致两桨间对流减弱,不利于两桨间流体的混合,当桨间距与釜内径的比值为0.77时,搅拌釜内的整体流动情况较好。对上下层桨叶安装角度分别为0°、45°和90°这3种工况下的釜内流场特性研究表明,安装角度为90°时,斜叶桨产生的轴向流强度最大,此时搅拌釜内流体的混合效果最好。研究结果为改进型框式桨与二斜叶桨双层组合桨应用于树脂聚合反应实际工程提供参考。     

双层桨搅拌槽内部流场的实验研究

运用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法对双层桨搅拌槽内部流场进行数值模拟。考察了流体在不同桨叶类型、不同桨叶间距对搅拌槽内宏观流动场的影响。研究发现：流体在桨叶间距为150 mm的双层桨内部流场流动效果好。在此间距的基础上得出流体在六圆盘上斜叶桨的搅拌槽内比六圆盘直叶桨搅拌槽内混合效果好。     

Application of KHX Impeller in a Low-shear Stirred Bioreactor☆

In our previous work, a low-shear stirred bioreactor was explored. With a pitched blade turbine impeller downflow (PBTD) used, the shear stress generated is high compared with that in some low shear ax...     

POWER CONSUMPTION IN MECHANICALLY AGITATED CONTACTORS USING PITCHED BLADED TURBINE IMPELLERS

Power consumption was measured in mechanically agitated contactors of internal diameter 0.3 m, 0.57 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m. Tap water was used as a liquid in all the experiments. The impeller speed was varied in the range of 0.3-13.33 r/s. Three types of impellers, namely disc turbine (DT), pitched-blade downflow turbine (PTD) and pitched blade upflow turbine (PTU) were employed. The ratio of the impeller diameter to vessel diameter (D/T) and the ratio of impeller blade width to impeller diameter (W/D) were varied over a wide range. The effects of impeller clearance from the tank bottom (C), blade angle (φ), total liquid height (H/T), number of impeller blades (n_b) and blade thickness (t_b) were studied in detail. Power consumption was measured using a torque table

Power number was found to have a strong dependence on the flow pattern generated by the impeller. Unlike, DT and PTU, the power number of PTD was found to increase with a decrease in clearance. The PTD (T/3) was found to have the lowest power number in all the vessels and the power number increased with either a decrease or an increase in the impeller diameter from T/3. The dependence of power number on impeller diameter was found to be more prominent when the D/T ratio was more than 0.3. In general, the power number was found to increase with an increase in blade angle and blade width. The effect of blade width was found to be more prominent in larger diameter vessels. A correlation has been developed for power number in the case of PTD impellers.     

搅拌反应器内三种桨型的气、液分散与相际传质特性研究

本文以改进搅拌发酵罐的桨型为目的,对空气-水、空气-亚硫酸钠溶液系统就六平叶、弯叶、箭叶三种圆盘透平桨产生的气泡平均直径、气含率及容量传质系数的变化规律作了较为系统的研究。实验发现:相同单位体积功率、表观气速条件下,三种桨型各自产生的气泡平均直径相差不大;箭叶桨的气含率较低;六平叶圆盘透平桨具有最大的容量传质系数。     

多层刚柔组合桨诱发流场界面失稳强化非牛顿流体混沌混合行为

传统多层刚性桨用于假塑性非牛顿流体混合搅拌死区较大,流场界面稳定,混合效率低。提出多层刚柔组合桨诱发流场界面失稳强化非牛顿流体混沌混合的方法。实验以羧甲基纤维素钠为非牛顿流体体系,通过扭矩传感器测量功率特性,酸碱中和脱色法测定混合时间,并利用Matlab 软件编程计算最大Lyapunov 指数,分析了非牛顿流体混合过程中的混沌特性及其混合性能。结果表明,组合方式为RF-（PBTD+PBTD+DT）、桨叶排列方式θ=60°、柔性片长度安装比例r=0.8、1.2时,混沌程度较高,混合性能较好。多层刚柔组合桨可以产生多股螺旋流,并在层间柔性片扰动频率差下实现流场界面失稳,搅拌死区减小,在较低转速下使体系进入混沌状态（多层刚柔组合桨体系N>88 r/min时LLE>0,多层刚性桨体系N>125 r/min时LLE>0）;在相同转速下,多层刚柔组合桨混合速率、单位体积功率高于多层刚性桨,而单位体积混合能大致相同。     

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experimental investigation of flow structures and dynamics produced by a centripetal turbine

Turbines are capable of producing powerful radial discharge flow, which is why they are widely applied in such fields as chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, and so on. The centripetal turbine (CT) represents a new type of optimized turbine structure based on the Rushton turbine (RT). In order to reveal the characteristics of turbulence, centripetal and Rushton turbines were designed. The flow fields of impellers were measured by two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV), in combination with the time-averaged method, phase-resolved method, and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method for comparative analysis. Within the measured area, the time-averaged velocity and phase-resolved velocity of the CT is smaller compared to the RT. The numeric range of fluctuation velocity for the two types of impeller is basically the same, but the high-value area of CT is more widely distributed. The swirling strength of the CT is significantly smaller than that of the RT. Besides, the wake structure is significantly weakened, which is conducive to reducing power consumption. The POD triple decomposition method proves effective in decoupling the instantaneous flow field into mean part, coherent part, and turbulence part. In each phase of blade passage, the turbulence part energy of the CT is considerably higher. For different blade passages, the cyclic variation of the CT is more significant. The flow field generated by the CT exhibits stronger eddy diffusion, which is conducive to mixing or reaction. It provides a basis for understanding the turbulent flow characteristics of CTs and impeller optimization.     

Experimental Study of Influence of the Impeller Spacing on Flow Behaviour of Double‐Impeller Stirred Tank

The flow fields in the stirred tank with three different kinds of combined double‐impeller agitators: disc turbine + disc turbine (DT‐DT, radial impeller), pitched blade turbine + pitched blade turbine (PTD‐PTD, axial impeller) and pitched blade turbine + disc turbine (PTD‐DT), were investigated in detail by using laser Doppler anemometry. The two‐dimensional mean velocity field and the distribution of turbulence intensity were obtained for different impeller spacings. The experimental results show that the impeller spacing has a significant influence on the flow field. To improve flow homogeneity and agitator efficiency, the appropriate impeller spacing should be in the range of 1/2 to 2/3 of the tank diameter.     

Chaotic mixing behavior of non-Newtonian fluid intensified by multilayer rigid-flexible impeller induced flow field interface instability

The traditional multilayer rigid impeller has large dead zone for the mixing of pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid, stable flow field interface and low mixing efficiency. A method for enhancing the chaotic mixing of non-Newtonian fluid by multilayer rigid-flexible impeller induced flow field interface instability was proposed. In the experiment, sodium carboxymethylcellulose was used as the non-Newtonian fluid system. The power characteristics were measured by the torque sensor. The mixing time was determined by the acid-base neutralization and decolorization method. The largest Lyapunov exponents were calculated by using Matlab software programming. The chaotic characteristics and mixing performance in the mixing process are analyzed. The results show that when the combination mode was RF-(PBTD+PBTD+DT), the impeller arrangement mode θ=60°, and the flexible sheet length installation ratio r=0.8, 1.2, the degree of chaos was higher and the mixing performance was better. Multilayer rigid-flexible impeller can generate multiple spiral flows, and realize the flow field interface instability under the disturbance frequency difference of the flexible sheet between the layers, the stirring dead zone was reduced, and the system enters a chaotic state at a lower speed (when the multilayer rigid-flexible impeller system N>88 r/min, LLE>0; when the multilayer rigid impeller system N>125 r/min, LLE>0). At the same speed, the mixing rate and power per unit volume of the multilayer rigid-flexible combined impeller are higher than that of the multilayer rigid impeller, but the mixing energy per unit volume is approximately the same.     

双层组合桨搅拌槽内气液微观分散特性

采用双电导电极探针法对双层组合桨搅拌槽内气液相界面积特性进行了实验研究,考察了通气量、搅拌转速和桨组合对槽内相界面积的影响。结果表明:对于上层桨为上翻斜叶桨和下层桨为凹叶桨的组合,随着通气量的增加,搅拌槽内大部分区域的相界面积增大,但在槽底区域减小。随着搅拌转速的增加,在叶轮区域的相界面积增加明显,而在槽底和液面区域基本不变化。上下层桨的分散能力和气体分布器结构和操作条件密切相关。对于近壁管式气体分布器搅拌槽,在较低通气量下,上层桨对气液分散起着主要作用,而在高通气量下,下层桨的作用增强,起主要作用。带圆盘的搅拌桨对气体具有良好的阻缓作用,不同气速下均具有优异的气液分散能力。     

新型搅拌桨用于黄原胶溶液气液传质的计算流体力学模拟

采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对高黏度非牛顿流体黄原胶水溶液(质量分数2%)中对称锯齿双斜叶涡轮搅拌桨(SPT)的搅拌效果进行模拟,并与传统的圆盘涡轮搅拌桨(DT)进行对比。通过多重参考系方法解决搅拌桨区域的运动问题,采用Eulerian-Eulerian模型模拟气液二相流动,气泡聚并和破裂过程通过群落平衡方程计算。结果发现,在高黏度体系中SPT气液传质混合性能优于DT。与DT相比,在考察的转速和表观气速下,SPT搅拌功率消耗降低35%左右,氧传质效率提高超过24%。