短纤维增强金属基复合材料拉伸变形的屈服行为的理论研究

运用空间轴对称弹塑性有限元方法的混合律模型,推导出应力应变分配系数的解析表达式。并由此提出了一种新的定义复合材料比例极限和屈服强度的方法,进而研究了材料参数（纤维长径比、纤维体积分数、纤维根间距和基体应变硬化指数）对短纤维金属基复合材料拉伸变形行为的影响。     

短纤维增强复合材料的仿生模型：Ⅰ哑铃状短纤维增强复合材料的…SCIEI

受生物体构件的启发,提出了哑铃状短纤维增强复合材料的模型,分析了带球短纤维和基体中的应力分布,发现端头半径粗化将改善纤维中轴向应力分布,使之趋于均匀化,同时可减少纤维端部界面的剪应力,研究表明纤维长径比对纤维端头应力影响较小,讨论了纤维-基体模量比对纤维轴向最大拉伸应力和界面最大剪应力的影响。     

短纤维增强复合材料的仿生模型：Ⅰ哑铃状短纤维增强复合材料的…

受生物体构件的启发，提出了哑铃状短纤维增强复合材料的模型，分析了带球短纤维和基体中的应力分布，发现端头半径粗化将改善纤维中轴向应力分布，使之趋于均匀化，同时可减少纤维端部界面的剪应力，研究表明纤维长径比对纤维端头应力影响较小，讨论了纤维－基体模量比对纤维轴向最大拉伸应力和界面最大剪应力的影响。     

A BIOMIMETIC MODEL OF SHORT FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS── I Stress Distribution of Composite Reinforced by Dumbbell Fibres

受生物体构件的启发，提出了哑铃状短纤维增强复合材料的模型．分析了带球短纤维和基体中的应力分布，发现端头半径粗化将改善纤维中轴向应力分布，使之趋于均匀化，同时可减少纤维端部界面的剪应力．研究表明纤维长径比对纤维端头应力影响较小．讨论了纤维－基体模量比对纤维轴向最大拉伸应力和界面最大剪应力的影响．     

短纤维增强复合材料的仿生模型──Ⅰ 哑铃状短纤维增强复合材料的应力分析

受生物体构件的启发，提出了哑铃状短纤维增强复合材料的模型．分析了带球短纤维和基体中的应力分布，发现端头半径粗化将改善纤维中轴向应力分布，使之趋于均匀化，同时可减少纤维端部界面的剪应力．研究表明纤维长径比对纤维端头应力影响较小．讨论了纤维－基体模量比对纤维轴向最大拉伸应力和界面最大剪应力的影响．     

基于内聚力模型的纤维复合材料残余应力分析

采用界面弹性-软化内聚力模型,用解析法研究了单纤维/聚合物基体复合材料高温固化后的残余应力分布。结果表明:较高固化温度引起界面软化和脱粘;纤维中残余应力分布由应力增长区和应力平台区组成,残余应力平台值与固化温度及纤维和基体热膨胀系数差值成正比,界面参数只对残余应力增长区的分布有影响;在界面断裂韧性相同情况下,界面弹性模量增加缩短应力传递长度,界面软化模量增加减少软化长度,弹性和软化模量变化不影响界面脱粘的温度。     

电脉冲烧结法制备形状记忆合金颗粒弥散基复合材料

最近的一些研究，有将形状记忆合金纤维和颗粒嵌埋或弥散到金属或高分子材料基体中，利用形状记忆合金的相变造成的应力场抑制裂纹的扩展的新方法。即将基体中的弥散粒子或纤维进行形状记忆处理，使复合材料中产生残余应力场，或者在使用中通过变形材料的裂纹尖端附近的诱发相变产主应力场。在以形状记忆合金粒子弥散分布的场合，主要考虑下述的裂纹扩展抑制机制： （ｌ）弥散粒子周围裂纹围绕的应力缓和效应。在大多数粒子弥散材料中都是这种机制，与粒子的大小和体积分数有关。 （２）弥散材料烧结时因热应力在粒子周围产生残余压应力的效…     

蠕变空洞尺寸对镍基高温合金应力场的影响规律

为研究在热等静压作用下蠕变空洞大小对镍基高温合金的应力场分布的影响,采用有限元方法分别计算了不同尺寸的蠕变空洞附近的应力场分布情况。结果表明,空洞顶点距离γ′相中心越近,镍基高温合金中最大von Mises应力和最高弹性应变能密度越小;当蠕变空洞的顶点到γ′相中心距离相同时,在垂直方向上,基体垂直通道上von Mises应力和弹性应变能密度从上到下递增,基体水平通道上递减。而且随着蠕变空洞半径增大,合金中基体通道上的von Mises应力和弹性应变能密度递增和递减的趋势越明显。     

预热温度对机匣等离子喷涂铝硅可磨耗封严涂层应力场影响的数值模拟

目的 为确定机匣等离子喷涂铝硅涂层最佳预热温度,揭示不同预热温度对涂层残余应力的影响,优化基体预热温度,降低由于过大的残余应力导致涂层剥落和失效的可能性,为实际生产提供指导。方法 基于热弹塑性有限元理论,使用ANSYSWORKBENCH中稳态热和结构应力模块,建立双层等离子喷涂有限元模型。采用间接热力耦合方法对不同预热温度下的机匣等离子喷涂温度场和应力场进行模拟,分析不同预热温度对面层/黏结层/基体系统温度和应力分布的影响,重点研究了预热温度为30、50、80、120、150、180、200 ℃时涂层的温度场和应力场分布。结果 随着基体预热温度的升高,基体和涂层的温度梯度逐渐减小,面层等效应力逐渐减小,最大等效应力先减小后增大;y轴环向应力和z轴轴向应力分布及变化趋势基本相同;与y轴环向应力和z轴轴向应力相比,基体预热温度的变化对x轴径向拉应力、径向压应力的影响更大。结论 根据涂层的残余应力的分布和变化规律,等离子喷涂铝硅可磨耗封严涂层时,基体预热温度应控制在150 ℃。     

W纤维/ZrTiCuNiBeNb基金属玻璃复合材料的断裂机制

研究了W纤维/ZrTiCuNiBeNb金属玻璃基复合材料的断裂机制。结果表明:宏观上,随着复合材料中纤维体积分数的增加,复合材料的压缩断裂方式从基体控制的"自锐性"断裂向"增强体撕裂"方式转变;微观上,复合材料的断裂方式实际上只受到增强体W纤维的控制。在压缩过程中,W纤维除了受到外加应力外,还受到由于扭转弯曲、基体剪切带塞积引起的应力集中等,纤维处于一个复杂的综合应力场,当纤维内部的纤维间介变形足以抵抗这个综合应力场时,纤维处于稳定状态,复合材料中基体的变形切过纤维,复合材料表现出自锐性特征;当纤维内部的纤维间介变形不足以抵抗综合应力场时,纤维失稳,沿间介劈裂,复合材料表现出沿纤维纵向撕裂的特征。     

Cyclic hardening of tungsten monofilament-reinforced monocrystalline copper matrix composites

The cyclic hardening of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites has been explored using tungsten monofilament-reinforced monocrystalline copper composite specimens. This composite showed the same overall hardening tendencies as monolithic copper single crystals, i.e. rapid hardening, momentary softening and saturation, but at much higher stress levels as compared to the behavior in the copper single crystals. The back stress of the composites was found both very high and much larger than the friction stress so that there was a pronounced Bauschinger effect. The high cyclic stress in the composite was predominantly due to the back stress which resulted from the interaction between the fiber and dislocations. The fiber did not have a significant effect on the friction stress.     

Influence of Material Model on Prediction Accuracy of Welding Residual Stress in an Austenitic Stainless Steel Multi-pass Butt-Welded Joint

Both experimental method and numerical simulation technology were employed to investigate welding residual stress distribution in a SUS304 steel multi-pass butt-welded joint in the current study. The main objective is to clarify the influence of strain hardening model and the yield strength of weld metal on prediction accuracy of welding residual stress. In the experiment, a SUS304 steel butt-welded joint with 17 passes was fabricated, and the welding residual stresses on both the upper and bottom surfaces of the middle cross section were measured. Meanwhile, based on ABAQUS Code, an advanced computational approach considering different plastic models as well as annealing effect was developed to simulate welding residual stress. In the simulations, the perfect plastic model, the isotropic strain hardening model, the kinematic strain hardening model and the mixed isotropic-kinematic strain hardening model were employed to calculate the welding residual stress distributions in the multi-pass butt-welded joint. In all plastic models with the consideration of strain hardening, the annealing effect was also taken into account. In addition, the influence of the yield strength of weld metal on the simulation result of residual stress was also investigated numerically. The conclusions drawn by this work will be helpful in predicting welding residual stresses of austenitic stainless steel welded structures used in nuclear power plants.     

真空压力浸渗制备CF/Al复合材料热收缩与残余应力数值模拟与实验研究

针对连续碳纤维增强铝基复合材料(CF/Al复合材料),采用细观力学数值模拟与热性能试验结合的方法,研究了真空压力浸渗制备过程中的热收缩行为和热残余应力分布。结果表明,复合材料的横向热收缩应变量远大于轴向热收缩应变量,且具有横观各向同性,纤维随机分布的单胞有限元模型能够准确地预测复合材料轴向与横向热收缩行为曲线;复合材料制备完成后纤维和基体合金分别处于压应力和拉应力状态,基体和纤维的横向残余应力均小于其轴向残余应力,且均表现出横观各向同性;基体合金在轴向残余拉应力作用下会出现不同程度的损伤现象,特别是纤维间距较小部位过高的残余应力会引发界面的局部失效,从而不利于发挥复合材料承载性能,减少纤维局部偏聚是进一步改善提高复合材料力学性能的重要技术手段。     

Hot Deformation Behavior of 6061 and 7108 Al-SiCp Composites

Hot deformation behavior of Al 6061- and Al 7108-SiC particulated composites (Al-PMMCs), prepared by stir casting with SiC particulates (SiCp) size of 8 and 15 μm and volume fraction from 0 to 20% is studied by uniaxial compression test carried out at temperature range from room temperature to 500 °C. The flow stress, work hardening behavior, and Young’s modulus are determined. Dynamic recrystallization is also studied. Work hardening and Young’s modulus are directly correlated with composite constituents, whereas the flow stress is greatly influenced by the porosity and SiCp agglomeration. The role of the SiCp in increasing the flow stress decreases by increasing the deformation temperature. The dynamic recrystallization process is stimulated by refining the SiCp and increasing their fraction in soft Al matrix. On the other hand, the PMMCs with Al6061 matrix has more potential for strain hardening than that with Al 7108 matrix. The strain hardening rate is influenced by the matrix type more than the SiCp volume fraction and size.     

Tensile stress-strain response of metallic glass matrix composites reinforced with crystalline dendrites: Role of dendrite morphology

Bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs) consisting of soft crystalline phases (commonly referred to as dendrites) in a metallic glass matrix have shown enhanced tensile ductility compared to conventional bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Experiments and atomistic simulations suggest that a large number of geometrical parameters such as aspect ratio, spacing and orientation of dendrites as well as their spatial distribution can affect the mechanical response of BMGCs. However, the precise mechanism by which these parameters influence shear band initiation and propagation is not well understood. Therefore, continuum simulations of tensile loading on BMGCs with different morphologies are performed in this work. The results show that aspect ratio of dendrites has weak effect on the mechanical response up to the peak stress stage. However, it influences ductility considerably, albeit in a different manner for BMGCs with high and low hardening dendrites. The present analysis suggests that a BMGC capable of displaying mildly strain hardening response with large strain to failure can be designed by using closely spaced dendrites of high aspect ratio, and aligning them parallel to the maximum tensile stress direction.     

Compressive strength of continuous fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites

Aluminum matrix composites can exhibit exceptionally high compressive strength (ε 4 GPa). The main failure mechanism has been identified to be plastic kinking, although an upper bound seems to be attained when the fibers reach their compressive strength. The experimental results are consistent with a plastic kinking model in strain hardening composites. The important parameters controlling the compressive strength are the composite shear modulus, the shear yield strength, the strain hardening rate and the maximum initial fiber misorientation. Interfaces can also play an important role; composites reinforced with weakly bonded fibers have a reduced compressive strength due to their low shear strength in the fiber direction. The results can be used to design composite systems with high compressive strengths; in practice this is done by selecting matrices with high yield strengths and fast hardening rates.     

Cold rotary swaging of a tungsten heavy alloy: Numerical and experimental investigations

A finite element analysis was performed to predict behaviour of sintered tungsten-based heavy alloy during cold rotary swaging, while experimental investigations evaluated mechanical and structure properties in both, sintered and swaged material states. The simulation involved prediction of swaging force, which was subsequently compared with force measured experimentally using own designed force detection system, although other parameters, such as strain, strain rate, stress and temperature were also predicted and subsequently compared to experimental data. The results showed significant hardening and strengthening after swaging; the average ultimate strengths after sintering and swaging, respectively, were 860 MPa and 1680 MPa. This also contributed to very high swaging force of almost 600 kN. The distribution of microhardness across the cross-section confirmed the predicted strain distribution. Texture analyses revealed a notion of cube texture given primarily by the fcc matrix in the sintered state, while several ideal orientations for both the fcc and bcc phases were observed after swaging. As indicated by grains misorientations analyses, swaging introduced residual stress, the distribution of which was in conformity with the predicted stress and strain distributions.     

Cyclic Fatigue Fracture Behavior of Spray-Deposited SiCp/Al-Si Composite

The cyclic fatigue characteristics of spray-deposited SiC_p/Al-Si composite were investigated in comparison with the unreinforced Al-Si alloy. The as-extruded specimens were cyclically deformed with fully reversed loading under a range of total strain amplitudes. The results show that the cyclic response characteristics for the reinforced and unreinforced materials are similar to each other. Both the composite and matrix alloys display cyclic hardening under total strain amplitude of 0.35-0.5%. Otherwise, the composite exhibits higher degree of strain hardening than that of the matrix alloy. Dislocation substructure developed during cyclic deformation was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. The discrepancy between dislocation substructures obtained from processing compared to its development during cyclic strain loading is thought to give rise to the observed cyclic stress response behavior. Fractographic analysis shows that particle/matrix debonding and particle cracking are the main mechanisms of failure in the SiC particle-reinforced composite.     

Microstructure and tensile properties of high-strength high-ductility Ti-based amorphous matrix composites containing ductile dendrites

In the present study, two Ti-based amorphous matrix composites containing ductile dendrites dispersed in an amorphous matrix were fabricated by a vacuum arc melting method, and deformation mechanisms related to the improvement of strength and ductility were investigated by focusing on how ductile dendrites affected the initiation and propagation of deformation bands, shear bands or twins. Ti-based amorphous matrix composites contained 70–73 vol.% coarse dendrites of size 90–180 μm, and had excellent tensile properties of the yield strength (1.2–1.3 GPa) and elongation (8–9%). The Ta-containing composite showed strain hardening after yielding, and reached fracture without showing necking, whereas necking occurred straight after yielding without strain hardening in the Nb-containing composite. The improved tensile elongation and strain hardening behavior was explained by the homogeneous distribution of dendrites large enough to form deformation bands or twins, the role of β phases surrounding α phases to prevent the formation of twins, and deformation mechanisms such as strain-induced β to α transformation.