毛/涤混纺织物一浴法染色工艺探究

针对毛/涤混纺织物一浴法染色色牢度较低这一问题,选取了3种市售的载体和分散剂,探究分散染料对涤纶纤维上染百分率和对羊毛纤维沾色的影响。通过单色实验和拼色实验,探究一浴法染色工艺对毛/涤混纺织物色牢度的影响。结果表明:当载体PEW质量浓度为1.5 g/L,分散剂IS质量浓度为2 g/L,匀染剂SE-5质量浓度为4 g/L时,对提升分散染料对涤纶纤维的上染百分率和减少羊毛纤维沾色的效果最显著。通过对红、黄、蓝的单色实验以及浅咖、嫩绿、粉红的拼色实验,发现染后织物色牢度测试结果均在4级以上,符合实际生产要求;通过成本核算发现一浴法大约能节省1/3的水电气消耗,极大降低了企业生产成本。     

涤/棉织物微胶囊分散染料/中性固色活性染料一浴法染色

采用微胶囊分散染料和中性固色活性染料一浴法对涤/棉模拟交织物染色,分析了微胶囊分散染料对棉织物、中性固色活性染料对涤纶的沾色,探讨了染色温度、染色时间、染色pH、氯化钠用量等对染色性能的影响,测试了染色织物的色牢度.研究结果表明:中性固色活性染料对涤纶织物的沾色以及微胶囊分散染料对棉织物的沾色均较少,随着氯化钠用量的增加,染色棉织物的表观色深逐渐增加,而涤纶织物的表观色深有所下降.中深色染色的最佳工艺条件为:加入一定比例的中性固色活性染料和微胶囊分散染料,染色pH=7,染色温度130℃,保温时间60 min,氯化钠用量40 g/L左右,涤/棉混纺织物用微胶囊分散染料/中性固色活性染料染色后,各项色牢度均满足服用要求.     

改性涤纶与羊毛同浴染色的研究

通过对纤维K/S值的测定,研究了温度、pH值、载体等因素对改性涤纶与羊毛同浴染色时不同涤纶的上染性能和羊毛沾色的影响.结果表明,在相同的温度下,改性涤纶EDDP、ECDP具有更高的上染率.与改性涤纶同浴染色的羊毛对分散染料的沾色明显减少.羊毛/涤纶同浴染色时,染浴pH值大于5时,分散染料发生还原,涤纶上染率明显减少,羊毛沾色色调改变.羊毛/涤纶体系中加入适当的载体可使涤纶上染率有所提高,而过高的载体加入量反会使涤纶上染率下降.     

毛涤混纺织物分散染料染色

用自行合成的三种羊毛织物改性剂G1、G2和G3，对羊毛织物、毛涤混纺织物进行改性，探讨了最佳改性工艺条件和改性织物的分散染料染色。结果表明，经改性剂G1改性的毛涤织物，可用分散染料在常压下染色，且染色K／S值较高，皂洗和摩擦牢度均在3级以上。毛涤织物较合适的改性条件为：改性剂4％（owf），分散剂0．5g／L，温度90℃，时间40min，pH值9；改性毛涤织物较合适的染色条件为：染料2％（owf），载体1．5g／L，乙醇12mL／L，染色温度100℃，染色时间60min。     

芳砜纶分散染料苯乙酮载体染色

由于芳砜纶纤维特殊的结构,使得染料在常规条件下很难进入纤维内部,采用苯乙酮为载体对芳砜纶织物进行分散染料染色,讨论了苯乙酮用量、染色温度、染色时间和染浴pH值对芳砜纶织物染色性能的影响,并对染色后织物的色牢度等进行研究。结果表明,在苯乙酮用量为10 g/L,匀染剂TOP用量0.5 g/L,染色温度100 ℃下染60 min,分散染料染色芳砜纶织物的耐水洗色牢度为4~5级,干、湿摩擦牢度均为4级。     

PLA/PHBV长丝经编针织物低温载体染色工艺

针对PLA/PHBV织物分散染料常压下染色得色浅,而高温高压染色织物强力损伤大的问题,研究了PLA/PHBV织物分散染料低温染载体染色工艺。探讨了载体的用量、染色pH值、保温温度和保温时间等因素对PLA/PHBV织物染色性能的影响。结果表明,在环保型载体用量为6.0 g/L、匀染剂UNIVADINER LEV 2.0 g/L、pH值=5、温度为80℃、保温时间20 min的条件下,不仅PLA/PHBV织物表观色深值(K/S值)高于高温高压染色,而且PLA/PHBV织物断裂强力损伤也较小。     

还原剂H在涤纶染色后的清洗应用

合成了一种还原剂H,属于亚磺酸盐的衍生物.在涤纶用分散染料染色后的清洗中进行了应用试验,并得出了较佳的清洗工艺:15 min,浴比1:30,还原剂H用量2 g/L,碱用量2 g/L,80℃;在此使用工艺下,处理后的织物相对于未处理的织物干摩擦牢度可以提升1级多,湿摩擦牢度及棉沾色可以提升约0.5级,而涤沾色牢度可提高近1级;还原剂H在最佳清洗使用工艺下,与保险粉效果相当.     

芳砜纶/粘胶混纺织物活性/分散一浴一步法染色

在载体苯乙酮芳砜纶分散染料染色和中性浴固色活性染料粘胶染色工艺的基础上,确定了芳砜纶/粘胶混纺织物一浴一步法染色条件：载体苯乙酮10 g/L,硫酸钠25 g/L,染浴pH值为7,染色温度100 ℃,染色时间为90 min。染品匀染性较好,但分散染料对粘胶织物以及活性染料对芳砜纶织物均有一定程度的沾色,而硫酸钠的存在会降低载体苯乙酮分散染料染色的上染率,苯乙酮的存在也会降低粘胶中性浴固色活性染料的上染率。     

环保载体的制备及在毛/涤一浴染色中的应用

为降低涤纶的染色温度,实现毛/涤混纺织物一浴法染色,制备具有良好稳定性的环保无味载体乳液,测试载体对涤纶玻璃化转变温度的影响,探讨染色温度、载体用量对涤纶染色效果的影响,以及毛/涤一浴染色后解决分散染料沾染羊毛的方法。结果表明,载体对涤纶有明显的增塑作用,使用自制的载体乳液可以于98℃染涤纶,载体的最佳用量为5%(owf);毛/涤一浴染色后,用含保险粉0.6 g/L,碳酸钠1.0 g/L,阴离子表面活性剂AES1.0 g/L的还原液,采用1∶50的浴比于75℃还原清洗10 min,有效解决了分散染料沾染羊毛的问题。     

PLA织物低温染色

采用载体CWP-910对PLA织物进行分散染料低温染色,考察了载体用量、染色时间、染浴pH值对染色效果的影响。结果表明,载体CWP-910对分散染料具有显著的增溶作用,可实现PLA织物分散染料低温染色;优化的PLA织物分散染料低温染色工艺为:分散染料4%(owf),CWP-910 3 g/L,中性染浴,85℃染色40 min。采用该工艺染色的PLA织物具有较高的耐洗色牢度和耐升华色牢度。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press