焊接微缺陷磁光成像检测有限元分析

目的 研究铁磁材料焊接微缺陷的磁光成像规律.方法 运用漏磁检测原理和法拉第磁致旋光效应,建立微缺陷三维有限元模型,分析微缺陷磁光成像过程与磁场之间的关联,研究不同提离值、励磁电流、缺陷宽度、缺陷深度下的磁光成像,以及探索这些因素对磁光图像特征的影响.在此基础上,对最小宽度为0.05 mm的微缺陷进行磁光成像检测实验,并...     

基于矩形脉冲涡流传感器的表面缺陷定量评估及成像检测技术研究

本文介绍利用矩形脉冲涡流传感器的自差分特性来提高缺陷检测能力,并最终实现对表面缺陷的成像检测.采用ANSYS软件建立了矩形脉冲涡流传感器的仿真模型,对铝板表面涡流分布进行了仿真分析,结果表明:矩形传感器能够在铝板表面激励出均匀的感应涡流,当有缺陷存在时,提取Z向和Y向感应信号的幅值扫描曲线可以实现对表面缺陷长度和深度的定量.并对仿真结果进行了实验验证,得到了表面缺陷的成像结果.研究结果表明,该矩形脉冲涡流传感器可以很好的实现对表面缺陷的定量评估及成像检测.     

新型焊接质量的无损检测技术

焊接是工业生产过程中机械零部件连接的一种常用方法,近些年来对焊接质量的要求日渐提高,而无损检测技术的出现使焊接件的质量得到了有效可靠的保证,该技术不会破坏焊接件的使用性能,利用该技术可以对焊接缺陷进行评定检测,从而对焊接质量进行有效控制。近年来,无损检测技术日渐多样化,对较新型的超声波衍射时差法(TOFD)、发射检测(AE)、脉冲涡流检测、超声相控阵检测(PAUT)等焊接无损检测技术做了研究和探讨,可为实践应用提供依据。     

角焊缝表面裂纹的涡流热成像检测研究

压力管道中由于部分焊缝结构复杂、所处位置特殊,导致缺陷检测漏检率较大,对压力管道安全运行带来严重隐患.该文采用电涡流热成像技术研究带腐蚀层角焊缝表面裂纹检测的可行性.实验通过对T型角焊缝两道自然裂纹的检测,证明该方法对角焊缝表面裂纹检测有效.为进一步提高涡流热成像技术的检测灵敏度,利用主成分分析算法增强原始图像中的缺陷...     

曲面零件裂纹的涡流热成像检测仿真分析

根据工程实际中对曲面零件裂纹缺陷检测的需求,开展曲面零件裂纹缺陷的涡流热成像定量检测仿真分析研究,建立凸面和凹面零件的检测仿真模型。运用COMSOL仿真平台的AD/DC模块和热传导模块对焦耳热效应和热传导进行了耦合仿真分析,给出不同裂纹深度下缺陷周边的温度场分布及温升变化曲线。通过Matlab对温度场分布进行图像处理和数值分析,给出缺陷深度与缺陷周边的温升变化的函数对应关系,为进一步开展零件裂纹的定量检测实验研究提供参考。     

无损检测固体表面、次表面不均匀性和缺陷的激光光热偏转技术

本文介绍非接触无损检测固体物质表面、次表面不均匀性和缺陷的激光光热偏转技术,设计并建立了测量装置。文中列出了对光学薄膜弱吸收率的测量,对碳素纤维材料、光学薄膜表面激光损伤和对金属材料次表面模拟缺陷的成像检测等一些应用的结果。     

钢管表面缺陷在线计算机检测

介绍了钢管在线漏磁检测系统的结构原理,详细叙述了硬件高速A/D采集和外围电路设计的原理,分析了缺陷实时检测和判别的过程,检测系统经现场验证系统性能良好。     

误差分离理论在微机辅助轴类工件表面缺陷检测中的应用

误差分离理论和涡流无损检测方法是在圆度测量和无损检测两个领域中分别独立进行的。本文首次提出了利用误差分离理论和涡流技术对轴类工件表面进行无损探伤的四点法数学模型 ,并在此基础上建立了实验系统 ,对这一新方法进行了实验验证。实验结果表明这一新方法是可行的     

基于新型脉冲涡流传感器的裂纹缺陷长度定量检测仿真分析与实验研究

传统脉冲涡流采用的传感器通常只能实现对裂纹深度的定量检测,很难实现对裂纹长度的定量检测。文中提出了一种新型的脉冲涡流传感器,得到了对裂纹长度定量的特征量,并采用仿真和实验相结合的方法对这种传感器的有效性进行了验证。结果表明该新型传感器具有较高的检测灵敏度,可以实现对裂纹长度的定量检测。     

基于脉冲涡流检测技术的缺陷定量检测研究

对飞机多层结构中出现的缺陷进行定量检测具有重要意义.文章将脉冲涡流检测技术应用其中,设计并实现了一套完整的脉冲涡流检测系统.在对检测信号进行分析处理的基础上,提取峰值、峰值时间、过零时间等时域特征量,实现对缺陷的定量检测,并通过进一步的实验加以验证.     

Applications of non-destructive testing techniques for post-process control of additively manufactured parts

This paper presents an overview on the principle of operation for post-process inspection non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques. The techniques include visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, and radiography. The applications of these NDT techniques in additive manufacturing (AM) and their suitability for defects detection of additively manufactured parts are reviewed. The sensitivity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are evaluated. The types of defect, and the detectability of these defects by NDT techniques are assessed. The applicability of each NDT technique for different categories of AM process is discussed. The categories of AM are, namely, material extrusion, powder bed fusion, vat photopolymerisation, material jetting, binder jetting, sheet lamination, and directed energy deposition.     

Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the Feasibility of Inspecting Nonferromagnetic Conductors by an MFL Testing Apparatus

ABSTRACT

It has been widely accepted that the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing system can be applied only to the inspection of ferromagnetic materials. The possibility of using the MFL testing apparatus to inspect nonferromagnetic metals is discussed in this article. According to Faraday’s law of induction, eddy current rises in the conductor passing through the MFL magnetizer. The perturbation of eddy current and its corresponding magnetic field caused by defects are theoretically analyzed. Then, the finite element method is carried out to verify the theoretical analyses and extract the perturbed magnetic field signals. Furthermore, the influences of specimen conductivity and moving velocity on the detection signal amplitude are also simulated. The results show that the nonferromagnetic conductors are possible to be inspected by the MFL apparatus, and higher conductivity or inspection speed will facilitate the inspection.     

基于磁致伸缩导波技术的锚杆新型检测方法设计

针对现有锚杆质量检测方法存在检测具有破坏性、检测过程复杂、检测精度不高等问题,提出一种基于磁致伸缩导波技术的锚杆无损检测新方法.在研究磁致伸缩导波检测原理以及锚杆中导波特性的基础上,研制了锚杆检测系统,并利用该系统在锚杆中激励出L(0,1)模态导波,完成了空气中以及混凝土结构中锚杆长度以及缺陷的检测实验,实现了对锚杆的非接触式无损检测.结果表明:该方法检测过程简单、检测精度高,能检测具有隐蔽性的锚杆等,可以实际应用在锚杆质量检测中.     

Numerical modeling of the geometrical defects of an origami-like sandwich core

Folded cores have recently been developed for sandwich applications. The numerical determination of the out-of-plane properties of these cores requires the resolution of a stability problem. Therefore, the sensitivity of these structures to geometrical defects has to be investigated. Since the ultimate objective is to optimize the geometry of the folded cores, the defects must be defined from the folding process itself. This paper focuses on the numerical modeling of consistent geometrical defects based on a simulation of the folding process. The defects thus generated greatly influence the out-of-plane stiffness of the core because the folded edges do not remain straight. The numerical results agree well with defects observed on an actual core as well as with the global out-of-plane response.     

Microwave dielectric properties of W-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films grown on (001) MgO by pulsed laser deposition with a variable oxygen deposition pressure

The microwave dielectric properties of Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ 1 mol% W-doped thin films deposited using pulsed laser deposition, are improved by a novel oxygen deposition profile. The thin films were deposited onto (001) MgO substrates at a temperature of 720 °C. A comparison is made between three different oxygen ambient growth conditions. These include growth at a single oxygen pressure (6.7 Pa) and growth at two oxygen pressures, one low (6.7 Pa) and one high (46.7 Pa). Films were deposited in a sequence that includes both a low to high and a high to low transition in the oxygen deposition pressure. Following deposition, all films were post-annealed in 1 atm of oxygen at 1000 °C for 6 h. The dielectric Q (defined as 1 / tanδ) and the dielectric constant, ε_r, were measured at room temperature, at 2 GHz, using gap capacitors fabricated on top of the dielectric films. The percent dielectric tuning (defined as (ε_r(0 V) − ε_r(40 V)) / ε_r(0 V) × 100) and figure of merit (FOM) (defined as percent dielectric tuning × Q(0 V)) were calculated. The film deposited using the two-stage growth conditions, 6.7 / 46.7 Pa oxygen, showed a maximum Q(0 V) value with high percent dielectric tuning and gave rise to a microwave FOM twice as large as the single stage growth condition. The improved dielectric properties are due to initial formation of a film with reduced interfacial strain, due to the formation of defects at the film/ substrate interface resulting in a high Q(0 V) value, followed by the reduction of oxygen vacancies which increases the dielectric constant and tuning.     

水利工程中金属焊缝缺陷的超声检测方法比较研究

为研究基于超声的无损探伤方法在水利工程金属结构焊缝缺陷识别中的应用,利用常规超声检测技术、超声相控阵技术、衍射时差法(Time of Flight Diffraction, TOFD)超声检测技术对水利工程金属结构焊接试块缺陷进行识别,分析了各种缺陷在超声无损探伤技术中的特征显示。研究结果表明:常规超声检测技术、TOFD检测技术均能对各种缺陷实现信号显示,超声相控阵检测技术对气孔和横向裂纹的显示不够明显,但对其它缺陷的检出效果较为明显;常规超声检测技术对操作人员的要求较高,对缺陷的定性困难,精度不高;TOFD检测结果中气孔和横向裂纹的显示呈现出一种特殊的弧形,有一定高度的内部裂纹和未熔合的信号由上下尖端衍射波组成,根部未焊透上下尖端信号不够明显;相控阵检测结果直观,可以较精确地测量缺陷的埋藏深度、自身高度、长度等,但在扫查点状缺陷或者与超声声束平行的裂纹缺陷时,检出率极低。     

多盲孔缺陷的超声兰姆波时域拓扑能量成像方法研究

传统超声成像方法受瑞利准则的约束，难以对缺陷间距小于成像分辨率阈值的多缺陷进行成像。提出了一种基于时域拓扑能量的超声兰姆波成像方法，将逆散射拓扑成像方法中的拓扑渐进过程转换成求解直接声场和伴随声场。然后通过将伴随声场进行时间反转，两个声场将具有在缺陷处聚焦，在非缺陷处不聚焦的特性。将直接声场和伴随声场进行融合，以时域拓扑能量值作为像素值进行成像，从而使表征缺陷的精度较高。建立了缺陷间距小于分辨率阈值的多盲孔缺陷有限元模型，通过“一发多收”的方式激发S0模式和采集缺陷散射信号，并进行时域拓扑能量成像。仿真结果表明：对于多盲孔缺陷，时域拓扑能量成像法能够获得比延时叠加法和时间反转成像法更高的分辨率，并且能在缺陷间距小于成像分辨率阈值时进行成像。     

Structural and functional properties of Al:ZnO thin films grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition at room temperature

Current research on transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) is focusing on indium-free TCOs, such as Al-doped ZnO (AZO), as an alternative to indium-tin oxide. In this work, AZO thin films were grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition at room temperature in oxygen atmosphere. The O₂ pressure was varied from 0.01 Pa to 10 Pa, highlighting the effects of defect formation and oxygen vacancies on the film properties. Structural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy, while functional properties were characterized by measurement of electrical conductivity, Hall mobility, carrier density and optical transmission. At an optimal deposition pressure of 2 Pa, optical transparency in the visible range and minimum resistivity (4.5 ? 10^− 4 Ω cm) were found, comparable to state-of-the-art TCOs. Mean value of visible transparency was shown to increase with increasing pressure, up to 88% at a deposition pressure of 10 Pa.     

A hybrid numerical and imaging approach for characterizing defects in composite structures

In this study, a hybrid approach coupling hyperspectral near infrared imaging with a progressive finite element method is proposed for characterization of the elastic and failure response of composites with non-uniform variations of the wrinkles profile through the thickness and across the structure dimensions. In this approach, hyperspectral near infrared spectroscopy is used to create a 3D profile of the surface resin pockets with the capability of measuring resin thickness from approximately 125 to 2500 μm. These resin pockets are directly correlated to underlying ply level wrinkling as confirmed by optical microscopy. The 3D mapped resin plane obtained from the hyperspectral imaging is used to morph a ply-by-ply finite element model of a carbon-fiber/epoxy resin laminated plate using a progressive damage failure methodology. The results show the capability of the hybrid method to predict the structural response in laminated composites containing spatially distributed and non-uniform ply-level wrinkling.     

无机粉末掺杂对低密度聚乙烯中空间电荷分布及陷阱能级的影响

本文利用激光脉冲压力波法(PWP)研究了纯低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)材料以及掺杂一定量(重量百分比0.5%)四种无机粉末(TiO2、SiO2、BaTiO3、Al2O3)后的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)材料在高电场持续作用下体内空间电荷的动态分布和等温衰减情况,并结合热刺激放电法(TSC)分析了掺杂前后材料中的陷阱分布状态,更好地了解空间电荷的行为特性.实验表明,掺杂无机粉末能够改变材料中的陷阱能级状态,从而改变空间电荷的动态分布和等温衰减特性.其中掺杂BaTiO3 粉末的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)材料中产生了最深的陷阱,抑制了空间电荷的电极再注入和体内运输.