基于小波网络的次日太阳逐时总辐射预测技术研究

现有的地面太阳逐时总辐射预测模型的预测精度及泛化能力尚不能令人满意。利用小波神经网络在提升非线性函数影射能力方面的优势,以及递归网络的优良的动态性能,建立了对角递归小波BP网络（DRWBPN）模型,用以对次日地面太阳逐时总辐射进行精确预测。进一步提高预测精度的措施还包括将ASHRAE太阳辐射确定性模型的计算结果和经模糊化处理的气象预报中的云量信息加入到网络输入向量中,以充分利用已知可靠信息。采用分阶段训练网络的方法,提高了有限次数下的训练质量。太阳逐时总辐射预测实例及与其它典型模型预测结果的比较表明,提出的地面太阳逐时总辐射预测模型具有更高精度和实际可行性。     

基于改进CNN的光热电场太阳直接法向辐射预测研究

为了在实际运行中更好地利用光热电站,文章建立了一种基于改进卷积神经网络的光热电场太阳直接法向辐射的预测模型。首先,通过分析光热发电系统的运行机理,得到影响光热发电系统出力的主要因素是太阳直接法向辐射,并根据太阳直接法向辐射特点选用卷积神经网络对其进行预测;然后,针对卷积神经网络在实际应用过程中存在的预测精度较低和训练时间较长的问题,引入带有稀疏约束的损失函数和自适应学习率思想,并提出一种改进卷积神经网络;最后,利用改进卷积神经网络建立了光热电场太阳直接法向辐射的预测模型。模拟结果表明:文章提出的改进卷积神经网络能够解决一般卷积神经网络在实际应用中存在的预测精度较低和训练速度较慢的问题;基于改进卷积神经网络的预测模型可以较准确地预测出太阳直接法向辐射的变化趋势及其数值。     

基于深度模糊神经网络的太阳总辐射预测研究

提出一种基于深度模糊神经网络的太阳总辐射预测模型。首先利用Pearson相关系数分析太阳总辐射关键影响因素,其次利用深度学习多隐含层所具有的特征提取优势将模糊神经网络模块重复连接,构建深度模糊神经网络模型,并使用蝗虫优化算法对其中心值和宽度进行优化。利用所提太阳总辐射预测模型对5个气象站点的相关数据进行仿真实验,并对结果进行分析。仿真结果表明：所提预测模型较其他模型具有较高的预测精度,验证了模型的有效性,可满足无辐射监测站点太阳总辐射预测的需要。     

基于GA-BP神经网络的逐时总辐射分组模型研究

通过分析影响太阳辐射的主要因素,提出以太阳高度角、季节和天气（晴空指数）作为数据划分依据的分组模型建立方法。以拉萨和西安地区的逐时气象数据和辐射数据为例,基于遗传算法（genetic algorithm,GA）优化的BP神经网络,建立太阳高度角、季节和天气类型的逐时总辐射分组模型。该研究揭示分组模型误差变化的规律,并将其估算误差与AllData模型比较。结果显示,相较于AllData模型,分组模型的估算误差均有降低。其中,天气分组模型误差最小,且西安的天气分组模型结果优于拉萨。西安天气分组模型平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）和相对均方根误差（rRMSE）相较AllData模型结果分别下降3.96%和4.18%。研究结果表明分组模型能够降低逐时总辐射估算误差,可为估算逐时总辐射提供方法借鉴。     

基于RBF-BP组合神经网络的短期风电功率预测研究

为提高风电输出功率预测精度,提出一种基于RBF-BP组合神经网络模型的短期风电功率预测方法。在考虑尾流等因素影响的基础上,对风速进行预处理。根据相关历史数据,建立RBF-BP组合神经网络短期风电功率预测模型,对风电输出功率进行预测。仿真分析结果表明,该预测方法能有效提高风电输出功率预测精度。     

基于BP神经网络的光伏发电短期出力预测

分析了影响光伏发电出力的主要因素,建立了基于BP神经网络的光伏发电短期出力预测模型。利用光伏电站的出力数据和气象数据对BP神经网络进行训练,根据光伏出力影响因素的分析,将不同日类型的日发电功率数据进行处理,将其映射为日类型指数作为神经网络训练、预测的输入。文章建立的预测模型可以对不同天气类型下一天各时段的出力进行预测,预测结果与实测值的比较结果表明,该模型有比较准确的预测能力和较强的适用性。     

基于EMD-TCN的多能供热系统太阳辐照度预测模型

针对太阳辐照度的非平稳性和非线性影响多能供热系统运行效率和可靠性问题,该文提出一种基于经验模态分解（EMD）和时间卷积网络（TCN）的太阳辐照度混合预测模型EMD-TCN,更精准地从气象数据中提取太阳辐照度非线性和非平稳的隐含特征,获得更佳的预测精度。该研究利用逐时气象数据对所提出的EMD-TCN模型进行不同时间尺度的太阳辐照度预测实验,并与4种主流深度学习预测算法进行对比分析,结果表明该太阳辐照度预测模型具有更高的预测精度和泛化能力。     

基于PCA-BPNN的并网光伏电站发电量预测模型研究

针对目前光伏电站发电量预测模型中输入气象维数较多、预测精度低等问题,提出基于主成分分析(PCA)和BP神经网络(BPNN)相结合的光伏电站发电量预测模型。利用PCA对水平面太阳总辐射、日照时数、气温日较差等多个气象变量进行解耦降维处理,形成相互正交、相互独立的公因子变量。将这些公因子变量作为BPNN模型的输入变量,并进行训练拟合建模,从而实现对光伏电站发电量进行预测。文章利用我国华中地区某屋顶并网光伏电站的实测数据,对PCA-BPNN模型进行检验。通过研究结果可知,与常见的预测模型相比,PCA-BPNN模型大大降低了气象变量的输入维数,该模型预测结果的准确性较高。     

基于Elman算法的光伏阵列的短期功率预测研究

根据青海某5 MW光伏电场的历史光伏发电功率数据和当地的气象预报信息,分析影响功率预测的主要气象因素。采用Elman神经网络算法,结合与预测日同日类型下整点时刻的气象数据和光伏输出功率数据,建立光伏发电短期功率预测模型。对不同日类型的光伏出力的预测结果表明,该短期预测模型具有较高的精度,有助于电网能量的调度,对电力系统的安全稳定运行有积极作用。通过与BP神经网络和非线性状态估计(NSET)算法对比研究表明,Elman神经网络具有更高的预测精度。     

基于PSOEM和神经网络的光伏电站功率预测

分析光伏发电输出功率预测的影响因素,确定了基于BP神经网络的功率预测模型,针对BP神经网络本身易陷入局部极值、收敛速度慢等问题,采用粒子群优化算法（PSO）和带扩展记忆粒子群优化算法（PSOEM）这2种群智能算法来优化BP神经网络的初始值和阈值,分别建立了基于PSO-BP神经网络和基于PSOEM-BP神经网络的光伏电站输出功率预测模型。根据某光伏电站2月1日—6月30日的光伏发电历史数据,利用所提3种模型对光伏发电系统进行了功率预测。误差对比结果表明,基于PSOEM-BP神经网络的功率预测精度明显高于基于PSO-BP神经网络的功率预测精度,故采用PSOEM优化后BP神经网络模型进行光伏功率预测,具有一定的理论和实用价值。     

Study of hourly and daily solar irradiation forecast using diagonal recurrent wavelet neural networks

An accurate forecast of solar irradiation is required for various solar energy applications and environmental impact analyses in recent years. Comparatively, various irradiation forecast models based on artificial neural networks (ANN) perform much better in accuracy than many conventional prediction models. However, the forecast precision of most existing ANN based forecast models has not been satisfactory to researchers and engineers so far, and the generalization capability of these networks needs further improving. Combining the prominent dynamic properties of a recurrent neural network (RNN) with the enhanced ability of a wavelet neural network (WNN) in mapping nonlinear functions, a diagonal recurrent wavelet neural network (DRWNN) is newly established in this paper to perform fine forecasting of hourly and daily global solar irradiance. Some additional steps, e.g. applying historical information of cloud cover to sample data sets and the cloud cover from the weather forecast to network input, are adopted to help enhance the forecast precision. Besides, a specially scheduled two phase training algorithm is adopted. As examples, both hourly and daily irradiance forecasts are completed using sample data sets in Shanghai and Macau, and comparisons between irradiation models show that the DRWNN models are definitely more accurate.     

Generation of hourly irradiation synthetic series using the neural network multilayer perceptron

In this work, a methodology based on the neural network model called multilayer perceptron (MLP) to solve a typical problem in solar energy is presented. This methodology consists of the generation of synthetic series of hourly solar irradiation. The model presented is based on the capacity of the MLP for finding relations between variables for which interrelation is unknown explicitly. The information available can be included progressively at the series generator at different stages. A comparative study with other solar irradiation synthetic generation methods has been done in order to demonstrate the validity of the one proposed.     

风电场风速预测模型研究

介绍了两种风电场风速预测模型,分别是BP神经网络模型和小波-BP神经网络组合模型。BP神经网络模型是风速预测中常用的模型之一,小波技术和BP神经网络结合,即为组合模型。小波技术将风速时间序列按时间和频率两个方向展开,体现了各成分对预测值贡献率的不同。将BP神经网络模型和小波-BP神经网络组合模型分别应用到我国朱日和风电场的逐时风速预测中,从预测结果对比得出组合模型更适合该风电场的逐时风速预测。     

基于长短期记忆神经网络的地表太阳辐照度预测

针对地表太阳辐照度(GHI)短期预测问题,提出一种基于长短期记忆神经网络的短期太阳辐照度预测模型。采用递归结构的训练样本,以保证训练样本内部的时间耦合性。为验证所提模型预测GHI的有效性,采用算例与传统人工神经网络模型预测结果进行对比分析。结果表明:基于长短期记忆神经网络预测模型将均方误差降低88.48%,表明所建模型更适用于GHI预测。     

Short‐term electric load forecasting using an artificial neural network: case of Northern Vietnam

Short‐term electric load forecasting is an important requirement for electric system operation. This paper employs a feed‐forward neural network with a back‐propagation algorithm for three types of short‐term electric load forecasting: daily peak (valley) load, hourly load and the total load. The forecast has been made for the northern areas of Vietnam using a large set of data on peak load, valley load, hourly load and temperature. The data were used to train and calibrate the artificial neural network, and the calibrated network was used for load forecasting. The results obtained from the model show that the application of neural network to short‐term electric load forecasting problem is very useful with quite accurate results. These results compare well with other similar studies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study of forecasting solar irradiance using neural networks with preprocessing sample data by wavelet analysis

Artificial neural network is a powerful tool in the forecast of solar irradiance. In order to gain higher forecasting accuracy, artificial neural network and wavelet analysis have been combined to develop a new method of the forecast of solar irradiance. In this paper, the data sequence of solar irradiance as samples is mapped into several time-frequency domains using wavelet transformation, and a recurrent back-propagation (BP) network is established for each domain. The solar irradiance forecasted equals the algebraic sum of the components, which were predicted correspondingly by the established networks, of all the time-frequency domains. A discount coefficient method is adopted in updating the weights and biases of the networks so that the late forecasts play more important roles. On the basis of the principle of combination of artificial neural networks and wavelet analysis, a model is completed for fore-casting solar irradiance. Based on the historical day-by-day records of solar irradiance in Shanghai an example of forecasting total irradiance is presented. The results of the example indicate that the method makes the forecasts much more accurate than the forecasts using the artificial neural networks without combination with wavelet analysis.     

Artificial neural network analysis of Moroccan solar potential

An artificial neural network (ANN) model is used to forecast the annual and monthly solar irradiation in Morocco. Solar irradiation data are taken from the new Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF)-PVGIS database. The database represents a total of 12 years of data from 1998 to 2010. In this paper, the data are inferred using an ANN algorithm to establish a forward/reverse correspondence between the longitude, latitude, elevation and solar irradiation. Specifically, for the ANN model, a three-layered, back-propagation standard ANN classifier is considered consisting of three layers: input, hidden and output layer. The learning set consists of the normalised longitude, latitude, elevation and the normalised mean annual and monthly solar irradiation of 41 Moroccan sites. The testing set consists of patterns just represented by the input component, while the output component is left unknown and its value results from the ANN algorithm for that specific input. The results are given in the form of the annual and monthly maps. They indicate that the method could be used by researchers or engineers to provide helpful information for decision makers in terms of sites selection, design and planning of new solar plants.     

A new neural network model for evaluating the performance of various hourly slope irradiation models: Implementation for the region of Athens

The present study is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the comparison of various hourly slope irradiation models, found in the literature, and the selection of the most accurate for the region of Athens. In the second part the prediction of global solar irradiance on inclined surfaces is performed, based on neural network techniques.The models tested are classified as isotropic (Liu and Jordan, Koronakis, Jimenez and Castro, Badescu, Tian) and anisotropic (Bugler, Temps and Coulson, Klucher, Ma and Iqbal, Reindl) based on the treatment of diffuse irradiance. For the aforementioned models, a qualitative comparison, based on diagrams, was carried out, and several statistical indices were calculated (coefficient of determination R², mean bias error MBE, relative mean bias error MBE/A(%), root mean square error RMSE, relative root mean square error RMSE/A(%),statistical index t-stat), in order to select the optimal.The isotropic models of “Tian” and “Badescu” show the best accordance to the recorded values. The anisotropic model of “Ma&Iqbal” and the pseudo-isotropic model of “Jimenez&Castro”, show poor performance compared to other models. Finally, a neural network model is developed, which predicts the global solar irradiance on a tilted surface, using as input data the total solar irradiance on a horizontal surface, the extraterrestrial radiation, the solar zenith angle and the solar incidence angle on a tilted plane. The comparison with the aforementioned models has shown that the neural network model, predicts more realistically the total solar irradiance on a tilted surface, as it performs better in regions where the other models show underestimation or overestimation in their calculations.     

Solar radiation on tilted south oriented surfaces: validation of transfer-models

Three transfer-models in use for estimating solar radiation on tilted surfaces are tested. A 12 year series of hourly global, diffuse, and reflected solar irradiation measured with horizontal pyranometers as well as hourly global solar irradiation measured with tilted south oriented pyranometers is available. One model uses daily irradiation, the other two use hourly irradiation. The models converting hourly solar irradiation on a horizontal surface to a tilted surface yield better results than that using daily irradiation. The best results are gained if pairs of hourly global and diffuse solar irradiation are available. The root mean square errors exceed 10% only if the sky is covered by more than 85% with clouds or if the solar elevation angle is less than 10°.