不同决策支持层次对投资风险决策的影响

本研究在着重考察决策支持信息的结构层次、决策的知识结构以及它们之间交互作用对决策质量的影响。围绕投资风险决策问题运用不同决策支持信息层次，利用Q分类技术和多维量表分析法(MDS)，对决策的知识结构进行获取和分析，以决策的认知偏差的大小作为决策质量的指标，从而考查决策支持信息对于降低决策的认知偏差的作用，以及决策的知识结构和决策支持层次的交互作用。结果发现，决策支持信息能够将决策任务中所包含的信息更加明确、更加结构化地展示在决策的面前，有利于决策更加理性地作出决策判断，降低决策的认知偏差，提高决策质量；决策的知识结构以及知识结构和支持层次之间的交互作用对决策质量也有一定影响，但并未达到显。     

决策知识结构的全方格诱发与分析

本研究以决策者的信息加工模式和决策机制作为系统设计的理论依据，获得了富有意义的结果。在研究中，通过全方格技术对具体和抽象的概念在不同标准下的知识结构诱发，探讨全方格技术在决策知识结构中的具体运用，得出了一些有关决策知识结构的新的规律和特点。研究表明，不论是抽象概念组还是具体概念组，当标准清晰时，其结构就相对整合得有规则，更符合人们的认知规律。反之，结构就比较混乱和模糊。另外，当进行区分的维度标准都比较清晰时，同一组概念的认知结构就比较接近，因素间的区别也小，结构较明确，而当标准比较模糊时，认知结构就缺乏规则。本文讨论了研究的理论意义和应用价值。     

基于模糊关联与BP网络的客户感性知识挖掘

通过建立Web问卷调查系统获取用户对产品造型特征的感性反映信息,并对用户感性评价信息予以模糊表征,进行多维模糊关联法则挖掘,进而产生客户感性信息与产品造型特征关联规则高频项目集。利用BP神经网络的学习能力对不同时段关联规则进行训练、预测和整合,从而实现客户感性知识挖掘,为产品设计辅助与企划决策支持提供新思路。     

基于ICEEMDAN能量矩和HHO-KLEM的滚动轴承故障诊断

为充分提取振动信号的特征信息并提高滚动轴承故障类型分类的准确率,提出一种基于改进的完备集成经验模态分解(Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise,ICEEMDAN)能量矩和哈里斯鹰算法-核极限学习机(Harris Hawk Algorithm-kernel Limit Learning Machine,HHO-KELM)的滚动轴承诊断方法。首先采用ICEEMDAN将原始振动信号分解并得到一系列本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)，利用能量矩对其进行特征提取并构造包含关键特征信息的多维特征向量；其次将故障特征向量用于KELM的模型训练，通过HHO对KELM的正则化系数和核参数进行优化；最后通过HHO-KELM模型进行滚动轴承故障诊断。实验数据分析结果表明：所提出的方法分类可有效保留不同故障类型的特征差异，能够提高轴承故障识别准确率，具有一定的可靠性和实用性。     

专长和任务特征因素对预测判断的影响

通过计算机实验模拟，研究探讨了专长因素和任务结构特征因素对判断质量，特别是判断校准度的影响。研究结果表明：（1）专长因素和任务难度因素是影响判断质量的两个重要变量。随着任务难度的增加，不管被试的专长程度如何，其预测判断的准确性降低，置信区间变宽，“校准度”也降低了，说明被试的行为模式是比较经验性的。与新手相比，具有较高专长决策其点估计的准确性更高，过分自信（overconfidence)倾向更明显；（2）研究将专长因素和难度因素结合起来考虑，结果发现了专长因素和任务难度之间的交互作用－在任务难度很低的情况下，专长的校准度与新手相比不具优势，但随着任务难度提高到一定程度，专长的优势就会体现出来。最后，章结合以往相关研究结论，对以上的现象进行了讨论分析。     

基于多维振动特征的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

单独提取滚动轴承振动信号的时域或频域特征进行故障诊断,是目前常用的轴承诊断方法,诊断精度有待提高。以时域和频域的多维振动特征参量为指标,以历史诊断正确率作为特征参量权值,分别对滚动轴承的无故障和经常出现的滚珠故障、内环故障和外环故障工况进行特征提取和故障识别。多维时频域振动特征是单维特征依据诊断精度权重的集合。运用BP神经网络分别对信号的时域特征(TDF)、IMF能量矩(IEM)、小波包能量矩(WPEM),以及多维时频域特征进行智能故障判别。实验验证用多维时频域振动特征参量综合诊断的方法进行滚动轴承故障诊断,比单维特征的诊断结果精确且效率较高,该方法可以在滚动轴承故障诊断领域展开应用。     

不同测量时间对荧光光谱法检测结果的差异探究

本实验采用X射线荧光光谱法对不同测量时间(30s和60s)下的贵金属主元素含量变化特征进行研究,采用不同类型的样品、工作标准物质和不同型号的X射线荧光光谱分析仪的方式进行比对,初步探讨测量时间为30s和60s时检测结果是否存在显著性差异,并提出一些可行性的建议。     

磁流变阻尼器在多维减振平台上的应用

 自行设计并制作了一款磁流变阻尼器，通过对实验数据和特征曲线的分析，研究了该阻尼器的磁场强度和阻尼性能，验证了该阻尼器应用于半主动控制的优越性。根据减振平台主体机构的并联机构机型的选择原则，以三平移减振平台为例，提出了将磁流变阻尼器应用于多维减振平台上的设想，并构思了初步方案，为此类阻尼器应用于多维减振平台提供了数据基础和技术支持。     

纹理与波形特征组合对机载LiDAR数据分类的影响

将纹理特征与波形特征用于LiDAR数据分类,进行了纹理特征与波形特征的最佳组合方案研究。首先将LiDAR全波形数据的高程、波宽、振幅和回波次数等波形特征信息转化为波形特征图像;然后利用灰度直方图和灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)提取多种纹理特征,并与波形特征图像叠加构成多维特征图像;最后讨论纹理特征与波形特征组合对分类的影响,并确定最佳组合方案,探讨不同分类器对纹理与波形特征组合的适应性。实验结果表明,某些纹理特征能够提高分类精度,但不是分类特征越多越好,只有最佳组合才能充分利用纹理和波形特征,提高分类精度。     

车载设备半主动多维减振装置设计理论研究

采用基于并联机构和磁流变阻尼器的半主动控制多维减振装置，实现对车辆行驶中面临的多维振动半主动控制。对减振装置进行结构设计、系统控制模型分析和控制算法研究，并制作样机进行实验研究。样机试验结果表明，该半主动控制多维减振装置能实现车载设备多维减振，且减振效果好、可靠性高。     

A Practical Approach to Constructing a Knowledge Graph for Cybersecurity

Cyberattack forms are complex and varied, and the detection and prediction of dynamic types of attack are always challenging tasks. Research on knowledge graphs is becoming increasingly mature in many fields. At present, it is very significant that certain scholars have combined the concept of the knowledge graph with cybersecurity in order to construct a cybersecurity knowledge base. This paper presents a cybersecurity knowledge base and deduction rules based on a quintuple model. Using machine learning, we extract entities and build ontology to obtain a cybersecurity knowledge base. New rules are then deduced by calculating formulas and using the path-ranking algorithm. The Stanford named entity recognizer (NER) is also used to train an extractor to extract useful information. Experimental results show that the Stanford NER provides many features and the useGazettes parameter may be used to train a recognizer in the cybersecurity domain in preparation for future work.     

An Empirical Study of Large-Sized Companies With Knowledge Work Teams and Their Impacts on Project Team Performance

Abstract:

This article contributes to how teams comprised mainly of knowledge workers influence project team performance. This article highlights the need to examine knowledge work and knowledge worker teams' impact on performance. Three large-sized companies were investigated through their projects, knowledge work, team environment, and team success. Results showed that the percentage of knowledge workers on a project team and project objectives had positive associations on performance. Exploratory analyses revealed that project team responsibility influenced knowledge worker project team performance as defined by projects schedule, cost, and scope.     

Towards a conceptual model of procedural knowledge degradation

Research has derived a dynamic range of theories associated with the acquisition of knowledge. In contrast, the current research seeks mechanisms by which acquired knowledge degrades, as well as mechanisms that could be computationally modelled. For procedural tasks, such as product assembly or supervisory control, variables including interference can inhibit the ability to retrieve procedural knowledge in different ways than the retrieval of declarative knowledge like phone numbers. High consequence tasks, such as air traffic control or maintenance on nuclear weapons, require proficiency to be maintained. Thus, an understanding of mechanisms that might complicate effective performance could improve approaches to job design. To explore theoretical underpinnings for procedural knowledge degradation, three areas of literature were explored. The areas included theoretical, computational, and ecological research. The literature serves as input for a conceptual model of procedural knowledge degradation.     

The development and sharing of knowledge by Centres of Excellence and transnational teams: A conceptual framework

Abstract and Key Results

Knowledge policies and universities in developing countries: Inclusive development and the “developmental university”

This paper links development approaches with innovation systems theory and social inclusion concerns. In exploring the relationship between development and knowledge, we propose a sequential analytical model that considers values, facts and policies as a coherent whole. This allows us to go deeper into the question of how policies for promoting the production and use of knowledge able to foster different facets of social inclusion can be formulated and implemented. We propose to call such policies “democratization of knowledge policies”; they are one of the means to achieve inclusive development. We provide examples of how these policies work in practice, and explore how the university, a vital part of any national innovation system, can play a role in the emergence and consolidation of the democratization of knowledge. Universities that embrace that role may be considered developmental universities. They fulfill it in great part by providing effective incentives to include in their research agendas the kind of problems whose solutions can lead to an enhancement of social inclusion. However, developmental universities cannot function in isolation. It is argued that their effectiveness depends on the rise of a sustained and strong demand that is able to put knowledge at the direct service of shared social goals, among which diminishing inequality is particularly important. The paper presents a case in Uruguay that illustrates an ongoing transformation towards a developmental university.     

专家系统中知识库组织与维护技术的研究

为了提高知识的利用效率，提出了一种“顺序存储，动态组织”的知识库组织策略。在知识库维护方面，提出了基于规则知识库的环路检测，不可达选择子，闭塞选择子检测，等价，从属，冲突规则集检测等三个知识库维护算法，并给出了相应的示例加以说明。     

When does the diverse partnership of R&D alliances promote new product development? The contingent effect of the knowledge base

Diverse R&D alliance partnerships not only provide access to broad external knowledge but also bring considerable expenses caused by transaction costs and absorption problems. The effective utilization of external knowledge in developing new products is closely related to the internal knowledge base. This study examines how firms' knowledge base properties influence the relationship between diverse R&D alliance partnerships and NPD performance. We empirically find that increases in firms' knowledge complementarity reinforce the positive impact of diverse alliance partners on NPD performance, but increases in firms’ knowledge substitutability attenuate. These findings offer valuable managerial implications that firms should commit more seriously to their internal knowledge base so that they can achieve higher NPD performance when establishing R&D alliances with external actors.     

Manufacturing knowledge management strategy

The study sought to understand the components of knowledge management strategy from the perspective of staff in UK manufacturing organizations. To analyse this topic, we took an empirical approach and collaborated with two manufacturing organizations. Our main finding centres on the key components of a knowledge management strategy, and the relationships between it and manufacturing strategy and corporate strategy. Other findings include: the nature of knowledge in manufacturing organizations; the relevance of (in)formal processes; top-down and bottom-up communication; taking ownership for information processes. We also make comments on the development of action plans for better knowledge management. The implications are that, for an integrated approach to knowledge management strategy in manufacturing organizations, involvement across the organization and at all levels is necessary.     

Continuous Knowledge Transfer – A pragmatic approach to knowledge sharing in the European Patent Office

During the last 15 years the European Patent Office (EPO) has established an internal peer to peer knowledge sharing process. This process is driven by a team of knowledge sharing experts, collated in a team called CKT – Continuous Knowledge Transfer. The process works in a complementary manner to classical and well-elaborated learning and development activities of the international organisation. The article aims at describing the motivation for creating such process, the development of CKT and its structure and tools. The basic components of the process are presented and success factors elaborated.