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针对室外移动机器人定位、导航问题,提出了一种基于全景近红外视觉的路标定位系统。系统通过近红外主动照明降低了光照变化、阴影等因素的影响,利用全景摄像机获得大范围的路标定向信息。图像处理中改进大津法和路标跟踪的应用使识别路标更准确、更快速,三角定位算法确保能精确的计算出机器人的世界坐标。室外环境下移动机器人的定位实验结果表明,本系统具有较高的定位精度和良好的鲁棒性。 相似文献
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智能交通系统中的计算机视觉技术应用 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
随着经济的发展,如何保障交通的顺畅与安全已成为世界性的热点研究课题之一。文章对智能交通系统进行了分析,并着重讨论了计算机视觉技术在智能交通系统中的应用。提出了一种基于背景差的车辆检测算法,在灰度图像序列中对六条车道同时进行监测,以统计各车道的车流量,并按大中小三种车型对过往车辆进行车型识别。 相似文献
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计算机视觉是一门新兴的发展迅速的学科,计算机视觉的研究已经历了从实验室走向实际应用的发展阶段.由于视觉信息容量大,在实际应用中直观有效,所以运用视觉来寻找和确定目标的方位是机器人发展中一个很重要的方法,近年来它广泛应用于工业自动化装配领域中,同时对视觉系统的要求也越来越高.文中介绍并分析了当前国内外基于视觉的几种主要的目标定位方法在实际中的应用,例如移动机器人自主导航定位系统、手眼立体视觉系统等. 相似文献
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智能车辆作为智能交通系统的关键技术,是许多高新技术综合集成的载体。智能车辆的一个非常重要的研究课题就是在城市道路交通环境下如何避免行人被车辆碰撞。总结了基于计算机视觉的行人检测的现有的主要技术,针对摄像机在交通视频监控系统中的静止情况,以及在智能车辆上的运动情况下的行人检测算法及其性能进行了评述和比较,并分析了当前行人检测技术的研究现状,指出了存在的问题和研究前景。 相似文献
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室外智能移动机器人的发展及其关键技术研究 总被引:19,自引:5,他引:19
室外智能移动机器人有着广泛的应用前景,是机器人研究中的热点之一.本文分析
了在室外移动机器人发展中有着代表意义的几个典型系统,进而论述了室外移动机器人研究
中的若干关键技术的研究现状及发展水平.这些关键技术包括移动机器人的控制体系结构、
机器人视觉信息的实时处理技术、车体的定位系统、多传感器信息的集成与融合技术以及路
径规划技术与车体控制技术等. 相似文献
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计算机视觉在机器人目标定位中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
计算机视觉是一门新兴的发展迅速的学科,计算机视觉的研究已经历了从实验室走向实际应用的发展阶段。由于视觉信息容量大,在实际应用中直观有效,所以运用视觉来寻找和确定目标的方位是机器人发展中一个很重要的方法,近年来它广泛应用于工业自动化装配领域中,同时对视觉系统的要求也越来越高。文中介绍并分析了当前国内外基于视觉的几种主要的目标定位方法在实际中的应用,例如移动机器人自主导航定位系统、手眼立体视觉系统等。 相似文献
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Using Real-Time Stereo Vision for Mobile Robot Navigation 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
This paper describes a working vision-based mobile robot that navigates and autonomously explores its environment while building occupancy grid maps of the environment. We present a method for reducing stereo vision disparity images to two-dimensional map information. Stereo vision has several attributes that set it apart from other sensors more commonly used for occupancy grid mapping. We discuss these attributes, the errors that some of them create, and how to overcome them. We reduce errors by segmenting disparity images based on continuous disparity surfaces to reject spikes caused by stereo mismatches. Stereo vision processing and map updates are done at 5 Hz and the robot moves at speeds of 300 cm/s. 相似文献
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This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a trainable vision guided mobile robot. The robot, CORGI, has a CCD camera as its only sensor which it is trained to use for a variety of tasks. The techniques used for train ing and the choice of natural light vision as the primary sensor makes the methodology immediately applicable to tasks such as trash collection or fruit picking. For example, the robot is readily trained to perform a ball finding task which involves avoiding obstacles and aligning with tennis balls. The robot is able to move at speeds up to 0.8 ms-1 while performing this task, and has never had a collision in the trained environment. It can process video and update the actuators at 11 Hz using a single $20 microprocessor to perform all computation. Further results are shown to evaluate the system for generalization across unseen domains, fault tolerance and dynamic environments. 相似文献
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移动机器人计算机控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据移动机器人跟踪控制和运动规划的目的,设计了一套计算机控制系统,其中包括计算机控制部分、直流伺服电机驱动部分、视觉系统部分和电机转向分辨电路部分,以及控制程序设计流程。该系统的硬件和软件能够有效快速驱动移动机器人跟踪预定的路径以及完成运动规划。 相似文献
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Gordon Wyeth 《Autonomous Robots》1998,5(3-4):381-394
This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a trainable vision guided mobile robot. The robot, CORGI, has a CCD camera as its only sensor which it is trained to use for a variety of tasks. The techniques used for training and the choice of natural light vision as the primary sensor makes the methodology immediately applicable to tasks such as trash collection or fruit picking. For example, the robot is readily trained to perform a ball finding task which involves avoiding obstacles and aligning with tennis balls. The robot is able to move at speeds up to 0.8 ms-1 while performing this task, and has never had a collision in the trained environment. It can process video and update the actuators at 11 Hz using a single $20 microprocessor to perform all computation. Further results are shown to evaluate the system for generalization across unseen domains, fault tolerance and dynamic environments. 相似文献
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介绍工业机器人计算机视觉系统的工作原理和系统组成。该系统具有对摄像机视场中特征点自动定位和跟踪功能。结合工业机器人控制软件,该系统使工业机器人能实时地调整运动轨迹,提高其适应性和灵活性。 相似文献
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Eric Royer Maxime Lhuillier Michel Dhome Jean-Marc Lavest 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2007,74(3):237-260
This paper presents a new real-time localization system for a mobile robot. We show that autonomous navigation is possible
in outdoor situation with the use of a single camera and natural landmarks. To do that, we use a three step approach. In a
learning step, the robot is manually guided on a path and a video sequence is recorded with a front looking camera. Then a
structure from motion algorithm is used to build a 3D map from this learning sequence. Finally in the navigation step, the
robot uses this map to compute its localization in real-time and it follows the learning path or a slightly different path
if desired. The vision algorithms used for map building and localization are first detailed. Then a large part of the paper
is dedicated to the experimental evaluation of the accuracy and robustness of our algorithms based on experimental data collected
during two years in various environments. 相似文献