鼠标形桌面主操作手的设计

为了实现对灵巧手的主从控制,设计了一个鼠标形桌面主操作手。主操作手将操作者手指的运动位置实时传递给从手,在从手抓取物体的过程中,利用直流电机作为主操作手的主动力反馈控制源,通过直流电机的驱动电路控制电机的转矩,将从手感受的力反馈给操作者。整个系统由DSP控制器进行控制。     

Model tracking dual stochastic controller design under irregular internal noises

Although many methods about the control of irregular external noise have been introduced and implemented, it is still necessary to design a controller that will be more effective and efficient methods to exclude for various noises. Accumulation of errors due to model tracking, internal noises (thermal noise, shot noise and 1/f noise) that come from elements such as resistor, diode and transistor etc. in the circuit system and numerical errors due to digital process often destabilize the system and reduce the system performance. New stochastic controller is adopted to remove those noises using conventional controller simultaneously. Design method of a model tracking dual controller is proposed to improve the stability of system while removing external and internal noises. In the study, design process of the model tracking dual stochastic controller is introduced that improves system performance and guarantees robustness under irregular internal noises which can be created internally. The model tracking dual stochastic controller utilizing F-P-K stochastic control technique developed earlier is implemented to reveal its performance via simulation.     

基于被动力反馈的遥操作电液控制系统

针对遥操作机器人现有的力反馈冲击、反馈力震荡等问题,提出了一种新型的遥操作电液控制系统。主操作端选用电液比例控制系统以实现力反馈效果,从动端选用电液伺服控制系统以实现位移跟踪效果,并建立了电液控制系统的数学模型,选用算法简单、跟踪性能较好的力反射型控制策略,对整个系统进行了Matlab/Simulink仿真,结果表明,新型遥操作电液控制系统具有较好的位移跟踪及力反馈效果。     

电液力伺服系统自适应抗扰控制研究

考虑到电液伺服系统中存有各种非线性因素、不确定干扰以及参数时变,为了提高干扰下电液力伺服系统的控制精度,以电液伺服振动实验台作为控制对象,构建其非线性模型,同时使用参数自适应率对不定参数进行补偿,并在反演控制器中引入滑模控制以降低系统的干扰敏感性,利用Lyapunov理论保证闭环系统的全局稳定。对设计的控制器进行实验,模拟在有未知外部位置干扰下的力控制,提升系统的稳定性。实验结果证明,此控制方法能够有效地提升电液力伺服系统的抗干扰跟踪性能。     

Development of a hand exoskeleton system for index finger rehabilitation

In order to overcome the drawbacks of traditional rehabilitation method,the robot-aided rehabilitation has been widely investigated for the recent years.And the hand rehabilitation robot,as one of the ...     

基于力估计与切换控制的六足机器人三边遥操作

传统三边遥操作系统的力传感器对主从端交互力进行测量时局限性较大,且在共享权重切换时易导致系统不稳定,本 文设计基于力估计与权重切换控制的六足机器人三边遥操作控制架构。 针对系统各端口交互力信息缺失的问题,设计一种非 线性交互力估计器,实现对各端口间交互力的实时估计。 聚焦双操作者控制权重动态调整过整中的柔顺切换问题,本文基于共 享控制策略,设计权重因子自适应切换算法。 为保证所提出系统的稳定性及透明度,融合力估计器及权重切换算法,设计遥操 作系统的控制器。 通过力反馈设备分别和 Vortex 与 ElSpider 六足机器人搭建半物理仿真平台与实物实验平台,对本文提出控 制方法进行验证。 相对于传统三边遥操作,实验表明在平坦地形下速度跟踪性提高了 45. 12% ,力跟踪提高了 64. 71% ;在崎岖 地形下速度跟踪提高了 39. 02% ,力跟踪提高了 29. 41% 。     

一种飞机模拟驾驶力反馈设备的设计与实现

飞机模拟驾驶杆是飞行模拟器的重要组成部分,是向飞行员提供操纵力的人感系统。设计了一种新的阻抗型力觉交互设备,仿真飞机驾驶杆的操纵力,提出了弹簧-电动机的力控制方案。设备通过弹簧的变形为操作者提供反馈力,通过电动机做位置伺服控制弹簧的变形量改变设备的刚度,从而调整操纵力的大小。以一自由度的样机为平台建立了人机交互系统,进行了力觉交互实验,验证了力控制方案和传动方案的可行性。     

Robust control synthesis for CNC machine spindle

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the dynamic stability and build the robust controller for motorized spindle system under parametric variations, external disturbances and measurement noises. A nonlinear model has been established for the machine tool spindles. The phase portrait and bifurcation analyses are provided to show dynamical behaviors for spindle machining. The spindle operations can be dynamically stables or unstable under parameter variations and disturbances. By using the robust control synthesis, the system designers can shape the frequency responses of the desired model which satisfies both transient response and robustness against various uncertainties. In fact, the robust controller can effectively attenuate exogenous disturbances and sensor noises during machining process. Finally, the simulations results demonstrate that the presented controller provides robust stability for the spindle speeds, along with excellent abilities of noise as well as disturbance attenuations.     

基于电磁力控制的非接触式二维力触觉再现系统

力触觉再现提供了操作者与虚拟物体间的双向信息和能量交互,有效提高了虚拟现实等应用系统的真实感、沉浸感和 操作效率,成为人机交互的新兴技术和研究热点。 本文实现了一种新型的基于电磁力控制的二维力触觉再现系统,该系统由二 维背景电磁场产生和控制模块、指尖穿戴式永磁铁、人手位置检测模块和中央控制模块组成。 基于 ANSYS 有限元分析,确定了 系统中背景电磁铁线圈和指尖永磁铁的最优参数,获得指尖永磁铁所受电磁力与二维可控背景电磁铁驱动电流、指尖电磁铁位 置的映射关系,形成离线仿真数据。 提出了基于离线仿真数据实时插值的二维力触觉再现中电磁力控制方法。 在实现系统原 型的基础上,开展了作用力阈值感知基础实验和三维虚拟物体识别实验。 实验结果表明,两种三维虚拟物体的识别实验成功率 分别为 85. 7% 和 71. 4% ,有效验证了本文所设计力触觉再现方法的有效性。     

A new control structure to reduce time delay of tracking sensors by applying an angular position sensor

In this paper, a new tracking control structure is proposed to decrease the time-delay effect of tracking sensor. To achieve this purpose, an angular position sensor, which generally exists in tracking systems, is used together with the tracking sensor. Also, a compensator is designed and applied to a system with time-delay in order to obtain a behavior same as a system without time-delay. Relying only on tracking sensor may lead to reduce the tracking speed and to increase tracking error. However, it is shown that by using the proposed reformative structure, the speed of tracking and the tracking error can be compensated significantly. In the next step, the performance of the new structure in two cases of constant time-delay and variable time-delay are evaluated and their stability conditions are analyzed. Finally, robustness of the proposed structure is analyzed.     

匹配和不匹配干扰共存时电液伺服系统预设性能渐近跟踪控制

针对电液伺服系统匹配和不匹配干扰共存的特点,兼顾瞬态性能和稳态性能需求,提出一种新型高精度跟踪控制策略。以阀控电液位置伺服系统为例,建立了包含匹配和不匹配干扰的系统非线性数学模型,定义预设性能函数规划控制误差,基于规划后的转换误差设计反步控制器,并融合采用干扰上界估计的连续渐近控制技术处理匹配和不匹配干扰,获得了可预设的瞬态性能和渐近稳态性能,通过Lyapunov分析证明了稳定性。两种位置指令跟踪试验的结果表明,相比PID控制和反馈线性化控制,初始阶段跟踪精度提高超22.9%,相比仅引入预设性能函数的控制器,稳态跟踪精度提高超42.9%。     

Research on the control systems of a precision linear motor drive device

The model of a precision linear motor drive device (PLMDD) and its control requirements are analyzed. In order to enhance the tracking and anti-disturbance performance of the system, its third-order model is established, and disturbance-observer based input revising feedforward error compensation robust control algorithm, combined with integral-separated proportional integral derivative (PID) control algorithm is proposed. This includes feedback control algorithm and feedforward control algorithm. The feedback controller improves system tracking performance and suppresses load and mechanical disturbance while the feedforward controller compensates phase hysteresis introduced by feedback control. Theoretical analyses, simulations and experiments show that this control method increases the tracking precision of PLMDD from ±5 μm to ±2 μm and dramatically improves its anti-disturbance ability.     

Robust internal model control of servo motor based on sliding mode control approach

This paper proposes a robust internal model control (IMC) based on sliding mode control (SMC) approach for high-performance motion control of a servo motor subject to uncertainties and/or disturbances. The proposed control strategy considers not only the simplicity and intuition of the IMC-based controller for a prescribed tracking performance but also the effectiveness of the SMC scheme to guarantee the robustness of the servo system. Since the performance of the IMC-based controller can be analyzed via a SMC structure, a robust control law based on the SMC technique is introduced into the IMC scheme to decrease the sensitivity to uncertainties and enhance the resistance to disturbances. Moreover, the 2-degree-of-freedom IMC integrating the robust SMC scheme is developed to further improve the control performance. The stability is analyzed based on Lyapunov theory, and the theoretical results show that a prescribed transient tracking performance and a final tracking accuracy of the servo system can be guaranteed. Comparative simulations and experiments are investigated to verify the high performance nature of the proposed control strategy.     

On position/force tracking control problem of cooperative robot manipulators using adaptive fuzzy backstepping approach

In this paper, the position and force tracking control problem of cooperative robot manipulator system handling a common rigid object with unknown dynamical models and unknown external disturbances is investigated. The universal approximation properties of fuzzy logic systems are employed to estimate the unknown system dynamics. On the other hand, by defining new state variables based on the integral and differential of position and orientation errors of the grasped object, the error system of coordinated robot manipulators is constructed. Subsequently by defining the appropriate change of coordinates and using the backstepping design strategy, an adaptive fuzzy backstepping position tracking control scheme is proposed for multi-robot manipulator systems. By utilizing the properties of internal forces, extra terms are also added to the control signals to consider the force tracking problem. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed adaptive fuzzy backstepping position/force control approach ensures all the signals of the closed loop system uniformly ultimately bounded and tracking errors of both positions and forces can converge to small desired values by proper selection of the design parameters. Finally, the theoretic achievements are tested on the two three-link planar robot manipulators cooperatively handling a common object to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于磁传感器阵列的消化道微型诊疗装置定位跟踪方法

实时定位与跟踪是消化道微型诊疗装置实际应用中必须解决的关键问题。提出了一种基于三轴磁感传感器阵列的实时定位跟踪方法,使用磁偶极子模型作为永磁体的磁场分布模型,用4×4的三轴磁感传感器阵列检测永磁体的空间磁场,通过控制电路和USB接口适配器将检测出的信号传入计算机,最后由定位程序使用非线性最优化方法由磁场信号解出永磁体的位置和姿态信息。设计了磁定位系统,建立了三维实验平台,并开展了定位,模拟肠道轨迹跟踪和介质材料影响等实验。实验结果表明该系统能够对内置小型永磁体的电子胶囊的位置和姿态进行非接触测量,对于距离传感器阵列平面150mm的电子胶囊,平均定位精度小于7mm,平均定向精度小于6度,该系统能够对在距离传感器阵列平面80mm至250mm的模拟肠道内运动的电子胶囊实现轨迹跟踪,并且定位精度对人体、织物、塑料等非磁性介质不敏感。该系统基本能够满足消化道微型诊疗装置在体内的实时定位与连续跟踪的要求。     

A Method of Semiautomatic Control for an Arm Prosthesis

A method of semiautomatic control of a full arm prosthesis is proposed. The arm prosthesis is viewed as a robotic manipulation system equipped with a pointing device determining the position of an object among others, a position sensor, and a microcontroller. In this regard, the translational motion of the prosthesis hand is done in the automatic mode, while its orientating motion is accomplished in the tracking mode by moving the foot with a master controller located in the shoe. A functional diagram of the control system is proposed along with an algorithm for controlling the motions.     

力／触觉再现虚拟现实系统的实现方法研究

力／触觉再现技术通过提供给操作者作用力的感觉,极大地增强了虚拟现实系统的真实感,并且拓展了虚拟现实技术的应用领域。该文论述了由力／触觉设备、操作者和计算机仿真环境组成的力／触觉再现虚拟现实系统体系结构,分析了系统实现过程中需要着重注意的系统稳定性问题,包括操作系统引入误差、作用力计算刷新率和速度估算等。最后,结合Delta力／触觉设备,实现了基于PC机的力／触觉再现虚拟现实原型系统并进行了实验。对于力／触觉再现的深入研究具有指导意义。     

基于力触觉手柄的虚拟环境力反馈交互系统稳定性分析

基于力触觉手柄的虚拟环境(VE)力反馈系统在人机交互领域得到广泛应用,稳定性是系统正常工作的前提。首先将力反馈设备、虚拟交互环境以及操作者作为独立模块单独建模,再基于阻抗再现方法建立力反馈交互系统闭环控制模型,并利用赫尔维兹判据推导了系统稳定的条件,利用频率响应函数分析了刚度和阻尼、零阶保持器的信号保持时间间隔以及操作者阻抗对系统稳定性的影响,给出了虚拟刚度、虚拟阻尼以及操作者阻抗等影响因素的临界稳定条件。利用研制的力反馈触觉手柄构建了实验系统并进行了实验研究,针对不同的力反馈频率和不同的阻抗分析了不同条件下的系统稳定性。实验结果证明了理论分析的正确性。     

基于 Marker-SLAM 的视触觉增强现实交互算法

视触觉增强现实是将触觉感知加入到增强现实中的一种新技术。 不仅可以融合真实场景和虚拟对象,还能实现视觉和 触觉的同步感知。 基于 3D Systems Touch 触觉设备提出一种新的视触觉交互算法。 首先,基于 Marker-SLAM 算法搭建增强现 实环境,用于实时获得相机在地图中的位姿;其次,为了将触觉信息融入到增强现实环境中,提出基于无跟踪器的触控笔尖端姿 态优化算法;最后,分别采集测量点在触觉和世界坐标系中的三维信息,通过确定两个坐标系间的刚性变换,将触觉设备的正向 运动模型映射到增强现实空间中。 所提出的跟踪注册方法的注册准确率均达到 90% 以上,与基于跟踪器的方法相比,所提出的 姿态优化算法获得的校正位置的平均误差为 2. 3±0. 2 mm。     

基于手眼系统的线结构光焊缝跟踪系统设计

为了实现一般手眼系统与线结构光焊缝跟踪系统主要部件的复用,在一般手眼系统的基础上,加装激光器、滤光片、保护装置等设备,将其用作焊缝跟踪系统中的线激光结构光焊缝跟踪传感器。通过实验对原手眼系统的标定结果进行实验修正,使其可以替代线结构光焊缝跟踪传感器的标定。详细分析了安装激光器、滤光片、保护装置等对原手眼标定结果造成的影响,使用数据逼近的方法提高线激光结构光焊缝跟踪传感器的手眼标定精度;实验时先对手眼系统进行标定,得到相机坐标系到工具坐标系的原外参矩阵;再对使用原外参矩阵得到的焊点数据,与焊点的实际坐标的误差进行分析,修正手眼系统标定结果。通过实验验证了本方法在手眼系统标定结果基础上,进行加装机构后的线结构光焊缝跟踪传感器的手眼标定的平均精度可达0.53 mm,能够满足机器人焊接的需求。