Synthesis of linear antenna array using flower pollination algorithm

Linear antenna array (LAA) design is a classical electromagnetic problem. It has been extensively dealt by number of researchers in the past, and different optimization algorithms have been applied for the synthesis of LAA. This paper presents a relatively new optimization technique, namely flower pollination algorithm (FPA) for the design of LAA for reducing the maximum side lobe level (SLL) and null control. The desired antenna is achieved by controlling only amplitudes or positions of the array elements. FPA is a novel meta-heuristic optimization method based on the process of pollination of flowers. The effectiveness and capability of FPA have been proved by taking difficult instances of antenna array design with single and multiple objectives. It is found that FPA is able to provide SLL reduction and steering the nulls in the undesired interference directions. Numerical results of FPA are also compared with the available results in the literature of state-of-the-art algorithms like genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, cuckoo search, tabu search, biogeography based optimization (BBO) and others which also proves the better performance of the proposed method. Moreover, FPA is more consistent in giving optimum results as compared to BBO method reported recently in the literature.

     

Application of mutation operators to flower pollination algorithm

Flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a recent addition to the field of nature inspired computing. The algorithm has been inspired from the pollination process in flowers and has been applied to a large spectra of optimization problems. But it has certain drawbacks which prevents its applications as a standard algorithm. This paper proposes new variants of FPA employing new mutation operators, dynamic switching and improved local search. A comprehensive comparison of proposed algorithms has been done for different population sizes for optimizing seventeen benchmark problems. The best variant among these is adaptive-Lévy flower pollination algorithm (ALFPA) which has been further compared with the well-known algorithms like artificial bee colony (ABC), differential evolution (DE), firefly algorithm (FA), bat algorithm (BA) and grey wolf optimizer (GWO). Numerical results show that ALFPA gives superior performance for standard benchmark functions. The algorithm has also been subjected to statistical tests and again the performance is better than the other algorithms.     

混合花粉算法求解全局优化问题

元启发式算法可以用作寻找近似最优解的有效工具,因此,对元启发式算法进行改进,提高算法性能是有必要的。本文介绍花粉算法(Flower Pollination Algorithm, FPA)的增强变体,将花粉算法与极值优化算法(Extremal Optimization, EO)混合形成FPA-EO算法。FPA-EO算法综合利用了FPA的全局搜索能力和EO的局部搜索能力,并将其应用于11个基准测试函数来测试新算法。同时将该算法与其他4种著名优化算法（标准花粉算法(FPA)、蝙蝠算法(BAT)、萤火虫算法(FA)、模拟退火算法(SA)）进行比较。综合结果表明,本文算法能够找到比其他4种算法更精确的解。     

Empirical analysis of five nature-inspired algorithms on real parameter optimization problems

In the past few years nature-inspired algorithms are seen as potential tools to solve computationally hard problems. Tremendous success of these algorithms in providing near optimal solutions has inspired the researchers to develop new algorithms. However, very limited efforts have been made to identify the best algorithms for diverse classes of problems. This work attempts to assess the efficacy of five contemporary nature-inspired algorithms i.e. bat algorithm (BA), artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), cuckoo search algorithm (CS), firefly algorithm (FA) and flower pollination algorithm (FPA). The work evaluates the performance of these algorithms on CEC2014 30 benchmark functions which include unimodal, multimodal, hybrid and composite problems over 10, 30, 50 and 100 dimensions. Control parameters of all algorithms are self-adapted so as to obtain best results over benchmark functions. The algorithms have been evaluated along three perspectives (a) statistical significance using Wilcoxon rank sum test (b) computational time complexity (c) convergence rate of algorithms. Experimental results and analysis revealed that ABC algorithm perform best for majority of the problems on high dimension, while on small dimension, CS is the best choice. FPA attain the next best position follow by BA and FA for all kinds of functions. Self adaptation of above algorithms also revealed the best values of input parameters for various algorithms. This study may aid experts and scientists of computational intelligence to solve intricate optimization problems.     

t-分布扰动策略和变异策略的花授粉算法

为了解决传统花授粉算法(FPA)收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优、寻优精度低等缺陷,提出了一种t-分布扰动策略和变异策略的花授粉算法(t MFPA).首先利用混沌映射初始化花朵个体的位置,然后在全局授粉过程中,利用t-分布扰动的随机个体和莱维飞行共同实现个体位置更新,加快收敛速度的同时提高搜索空间的多样性;在局部授粉过程中,加入具有两个差分向量的变异策略和小概率策略,结合两种策略使算法能够跳出局部最优.实验结果表明,t MFPA相比于FPA和其他启发式智能算法具有更好的寻优精度和收敛速度,相对于其他改进算法具有更好的收敛性能.     

Color image quantization using flower pollination algorithm

Flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a swarm-based optimization technique that has attracted the attention of many researchers in several optimization fields due to its impressive characteristics. This paper proposes a new application for FPA in the field of image processing to solve the color quantization problem, which is use the mean square error is selected as the objective function of the optimization color quantization problem to be solved. By comparing with the K-means and other swarm intelligence techniques, the proposed FPA for Color Image Quantization algorithm is verified. Computational results show that the proposed method can generate a quantized image with low computational cost. Moreover, the quality of the image generated is better than that of the images obtained by six well-known color quantization methods.

     

基于单纯形法和自适应步长的花朵授粉算法

针对花朵授粉算法易陷入局部极值、后期收敛速度慢的不足,提出一种基于单纯形法和自适应步长的花朵授粉算法。该算法在基本花朵授粉算法的全局寻优部分采用自适应步长策略来更新个体位置,步长随迭代次数的增加而自适应地调整,避免局部极值;在局部寻优部分对进入下一次迭代的部分较差个体采用单纯形法的扩张、收缩/压缩操作,提高局部搜索能力,进而提高算法的寻优能力。通过八个CEC2005benchmark测试函数进行测试比较,结果表明,改进算法的寻优性能明显优于基本的花朵授粉算法,且其收敛速度、收敛精度、鲁棒性均较对比算法有较大提高。     

Application of flower pollination algorithm in load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power system with nonlinearity

This work presents an application of bio-inspired flower pollination algorithm (FPA) for tuning proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller in load frequency control (LFC) of multi-area interconnected power system. The investigated power system comprises of three equal thermal power systems with appropriate PID controller. The controller gain [proportional gain (K _p), integral gain (K _i) and derivative gain (K _d)] values are tuned by using the FPA algorithm with one percent step load perturbation in area 1 (1 % SLP). The integral square error (ISE) is considered the objective function for the FPA. The supremacy performance of proposed algorithm for optimized PID controller is proved by comparing the results with genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based PID controller under the same investigated power system. In addition, the controller robustness is studied by considering appropriate generate rate constraint with nonlinearity in all areas. The result cumulative performance comparisons established that FPA-PID controller exhibit better performance compared to performances of GA-PID and PSO-PID controller-based power system with and without nonlinearity effect.

     

On the performances of the flower pollination algorithm – Qualitative and quantitative analyses

The flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a recently proposed metaheuristic inspired by the natural phenomenon of flower pollination. Since its invention, this star-rising metaheuristic has gained a big interest in the community of metaheuristic optimisation. So, many works based on the FPA have already been proposed. However, these works have not given any deep analysis of the performances of the basic algorithm, neither of the variants already proposed. This makes it difficult to decide on the applicability of this new metaheuristic in real-world applications. This paper qualitatively and quantitatively analyses this metaheuristic. The qualitative analysis studies the basic variant of the FPA and some extensions of it. For quantitative analysis, the FPA is statistically examined through using it to solve the CEC 2013 benchmarks for real-parameter continuous optimisation, then by applying it on some of the CEC 2011 benchmarks for real-world optimisation problems. In addition, some extensions of the FPA, based on opposition-based learning and the modification of the movement equation in the global-pollination operator, are presented and also analysed in this paper. On the whole, the basic FPA has been found to offer less than average performances when compared to state-of-the-art algorithms, and the best of the proposed extensions has reached average results.     

一种利用花粉算法优化的遥感图像分割方法

为提高遥感图像分割的准确性与抗噪性,以学生t分布混合模型为基础,结合K-means与花粉算法的特点,将K-means算法局部寻优能力强以及花粉算法全局寻优能力强的优点相结合,提出一种基于K-means的学生t分布混合模型,用于遥感图像分割.该方法中,根据学生t分布与高斯分布以及柯西分布比较接近的特点,对花粉算法的执行过...     

基于改进风驱动算法的非等间距直线阵综合

针对风驱动优化(WDO)算法在解决非等间距直线阵方向图综合问题时收敛精度不高和局部寻优能力不足等缺陷,提出一种小波变异风驱动优化(WDOWM)算法,其中的小波变异算子采用随机化思想丰富了种群多样性。应用该算法综合不同数目阵元到非等间距直线阵方向图实例中,采用二阶多因素多水平的均匀设计方法确定算法参数组合。仿真结果表明,在要求低旁瓣电平和给定方向零陷的情况下,该算法的收敛精度和收敛速度均优于基本风驱动优化算法;与采用粒子群(PSO)算法优化此问题的已有文献相比,所提算法综合的效果更佳。仿真结果说明了所提算法性能良好,适用于天线阵综合问题。     

融合正弦余弦算法和精英算子的花授粉算法

针对花授粉算法（FPA）具有寻优精度较低,稳定性不高的问题,提出了一种融合正弦余弦算法和精英算子的花授粉算法（SCA-EFPA）。针对花授粉算法的局部授粉过程,授粉范围小且易陷入局部最优值的问题,利用正弦余弦算法的“局部开发”和“全局搜索”特性,并作简化改进后引入;针对其全局授粉过程,搜索范围较大且寻优精度低的问题,引入精英花粉算子以提高寻优精度并且进行变异和交叉操作以保持种群多样性。达到整个改进后的算法具有提高寻优精度的目的。选取多组标准测试函数来测试改进算法的各项性能。结果表明,与基本花授粉算法、粒子群算法和差分变异算法等相比,融合正弦余弦算法和精英算子的花授粉算法具有更高的寻优精度,更好的稳定性和收敛性。     

Optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining walls with the flower pollination algorithm

The flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is an efficient metaheuristic optimization algorithm mimicking the pollination process of flowering species. In this     

基于混合策略改进的花朵授粉算法

针对传统花朵授粉算法(FPA)在解决复杂问题时搜索精度低和收敛速度慢等问题,提出了一种基于混合策略改进的花朵授粉算法(HSFPA)。采用自适应转换概率策略改进转换概率,动态平衡全局授粉和局部授粉之间的关系;在全局授粉阶段,提出一种动态全局搜索策略,既可以加快算法收敛速度,又能增加花粉种群的多样性,防止花粉陷入局部最优;局部搜索增强策略使得花粉能够充分开发当前优质花粉周围的搜索空间,提高收敛精度;花粉越界修正策略进一步加强了算法的探索能力。通过对10个基准函数进行仿真测试,实验结果表明,HSFPA算法在搜索速度和寻优精度方面具有更好的效果。     

A novel modified flower pollination algorithm for global optimization

Neural Computing and Applications - The flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a relatively new natural bio-inspired optimization algorithm that mimics the real-life processes of the flower...     

多策略增强花授粉算法及其应用

针对经典花授粉算法容易陷入局部最优解和收敛速度慢的缺点,提出一种增强型透镜成像策略和随机邻域变异策略的花授粉算法。通过增强型透镜成像策略扩展花授粉算法的搜索空间,增加解的多样性,有助于算法跳出局部最优解。引入随机邻域变异策略,借助邻域内的信息指导算法搜索,增强算法的收敛精度和搜索速度。对改进后的花授粉算法和四种其他改进算法在CEC2013测试函数上进行比较,实验证明改进后的多策略花授粉算法不论是收敛精度还是搜索速度都比对比算法优秀。最后把多策略花授粉算法应用在汽车传动参数模型上研究该算法的实际效用,结果表明多策略花授粉算法在汽车传动参数优化问题上都优于对比算法。     

Security constrained optimal power flow solution using new adaptive partitioning flower pollination algorithm

In this paper, a flexible power system planning strategy using a novel population-based metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the pollination process of flowers named adaptive flower pollination algorithm (APFPA) has been proposed. The proposed power system planning strategy implemented and successfully applied for solving the security optimal power flow (OPF) considering faults at critical generating unit. The main particularity of the proposed variant is that the control variables are optimized based on an adaptive and flexible structure. Also the performances of the standard FPA is improved by dynamically adjusting their control parameters, this allows creating diversity and balance between exploration and exploitation during search process. The robustness of the proposed planning strategy, is demonstrated on the IEEE 30-Bus, and IEEE 57-Bus tests power system for different objectives such as fuel cost, power losses, and voltage deviation. Considering the quality of the obtained results compared with various recent methods reported in the literature, the proposed strategy seems to be a competitive tool for solving with accuracy the security OPF considering critical situations.     

花授粉算法的改进及在压力容器设计中的应用

虽然花授粉算法对于求解优化问题十分有效,但也存在收敛性慢的问题。为了解决此问题,提出一种带有时变因子的差分进化花授粉算法（Differential Evolution Flower Pollination Algorithm with Time Variant Factor,TVDFPA）。对步长因子进行改进,同时在迭代过程中加入差分进化的策略,通过种群杂交,提高算法的收敛速度和寻优能力。通过标准测试函数进行测试,仿真结果表明TVDFPA的收敛速度比原始花授粉算法、混沌和声的花授粉（HFPCHS）、模拟退火花授粉算法（SFPA）快,收敛精度也有较大提高。进而结合花授粉算法的特点,建立带有变参数的双适应值比较法来求解压力容器设计问题,实验结果表明改进之后的算法具有较好的求解性能。     

A three-stage damage detection method for large-scale space structures using forward substructuring approach and enhanced bat optimization algorithm

In this study, an efficient three-stage method is proposed for damage detection of large-scale space structures by employing forward substructuring approach, modal strain energy and enhanced bat algorithm (EBA) optimization. EBA is a modified version of BA that is proposed in this paper and used a passive congregation operator to improve the performance of standard BA. In the first stage, the global structure is divided into manageable substructures. The stiffness matrices of independent substructures are obtained based on Kron’s substructuring method. Then a modal strain energy-based index is employed to precisely locate the eventual damages of the structure. In the third stage, damage severities are estimated via EBA using the second-stage results. To demonstrate the ability of the proposed method for detection of multiple structural damages, large-scale space structures with different types of damage scenarios are considered. The results show that the proposed method can detect the exact locations and severity of damages highly accurate in space structures.

     

基于模拟退火的花朵授粉优化算法

针对花朵授粉算法寻优精度低、收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极小的不足,提出一种把模拟退火(SA)融入到花朵授粉算法中的混合算法。该算法通过SA的概率突跳策略使其避免陷入局部最优,并利用SA的全域搜索的性能增强算法的全局寻优能力。通过6个标准测试函数进行测试,仿真结果表明,改进算法在4个测试函数中能够找到理论最优值,其收敛精度、收敛速度、鲁棒性均比基本的花朵授粉算法(FPA)、蝙蝠算法(BA)、粒子群优化(PSO)算法及改进的粒子群算法有较大的提高;同时,对非线性方程组问题进行求解的算例应用也验证了改进算法的有效性。