Supervised optimal locality preserving projection

In the past few years, the computer vision and pattern recognition community has witnessed a rapid growth of a new kind of feature extraction method, the manifold learning methods, which attempt to project the original data into a lower dimensional feature space by preserving the local neighborhood structure. Among these methods, locality preserving projection (LPP) is one of the most promising feature extraction techniques. Unlike the unsupervised learning scheme of LPP, this paper follows the supervised learning scheme, i.e. it uses both local information and class information to model the similarity of the data. Based on novel similarity, we propose two feature extraction algorithms, supervised optimal locality preserving projection (SOLPP) and normalized Laplacian-based supervised optimal locality preserving projection (NL-SOLPP). Optimal here means that the extracted features via SOLPP (or NL-SOLPP) are statistically uncorrelated and orthogonal. We compare the proposed SOLPP and NL-SOLPP with LPP, orthogonal locality preserving projection (OLPP) and uncorrelated locality preserving projection (ULPP) on publicly available data sets. Experimental results show that the proposed SOLPP and NL-SOLPP achieve much higher recognition accuracy.     

Discriminant Analysis with Local Gaussian Similarity Preserving for Feature Extraction

In this paper, we propose a novel discriminant analysis with local Gaussian similarity preserving (DA-LGSP) method for feature extraction. DA-LGSP can be viewed as a linear approximation of manifold learning based approach which seeks to find a linear projection that maximizes the between-class dissimilarities under the constraint of locality preserving. The local geometry of each point is preserved by the Gaussian coefficients of its neighbors, meanwhile the between-class dissimilarities are represented by Euclidean distances. Experiments are conducted on USPA data, COIL-20 dataset, ORL dataset and FERET dataset. The performance of the proposed method demonstrates that DA-LGSP is effective in feature extraction.     

Locality preserving and global discriminant projection with prior information

Existing supervised and semi-supervised dimensionality reduction methods utilize training data only with class labels being associated to the data samples for classification. In this paper, we present a new algorithm called locality preserving and global discriminant projection with prior information (LPGDP) for dimensionality reduction and classification, by considering both the manifold structure and the prior information, where the prior information includes not only the class label but also the misclassification of marginal samples. In the LPGDP algorithm, the overlap among the class-specific manifolds is discriminated by a global class graph, and a locality preserving criterion is employed to obtain the projections that best preserve the within-class local structures. The feasibility of the LPGDP algorithm has been evaluated in face recognition, object categorization and handwritten Chinese character recognition experiments. Experiment results show the superior performance of data modeling and classification to other techniques, such as linear discriminant analysis, locality preserving projection, discriminant locality preserving projection and marginal Fisher analysis.     

一种基于局部保持的隐变量模型

隐变量模型是一类有效的降维方法,但是由非线性核映射建立的隐变量模型不能保持数据空间的局部结构。为了克服这个缺点,文中提出一种保持数据局部结构的隐变量模型。该算法充分利用局部保持映射的保局性质,将局部保持映射的目标函数作为低维空间中数据的先验信息,对高斯过程隐变量中的低维数据进行约束,建立局部保持的隐变量。实验结果表明,相比原有的高斯过程隐变量,文中算法较好地保持数据局部结构的效果。     

无关性判别保局算法及其在人脸识别中的应用

特征提取是人脸识别过程中的一个重要步骤,是人脸识别算法有效性的关键。提出了一种基于无关性判别保局的特征提取算法,并应用于人脸识别。基于保局投影算法的人 脸识别是一种有效的人脸识别算法,但它只考虑了数据的局部性,没有考虑类别信息,也没有考虑所提特征之间的相关性,现有的改进算法虽然考虑了类别信息,但是没有考虑到 类间信息。本文算法使得所提特征之间相互无关,这样降低了数据冗余,同时考虑到类别信息,使得投影后的类间区分度加强了。实验结果验证了算法的正确性和有效性,比传统 算法有较好的识别性能。     

Regularized locality preserving discriminant embedding for face recognition

For face recognition, graph embedding techniques attempt to produce a high data locality projection for better recognition performance. However, estimation of population data locality could be severely biased due to small number of training samples. The biased estimation triggers overfitting problem and hence poor generalization. In this paper, we propose a new linear graph embedding technique based upon an adaptive locality preserving regulation model (ALPRM), known as Regularized Locality Preserving Discriminant Embedding (RLPDE). In RLPDE, the projection features are regulated based on ALPRM to approach population data locality, which can directly enhance the locality preserving capability of the projection features. This paper also presents the relation between locality preserving capability and class discrimination. Specifically, we show that the optimization of the locality preserving function minimizes the within-class variability. Experiments on three face datasets such as PIE, FRGC and FERET show the promising performance of the proposed technique.     

基于L1范数的二维局部保留映射

提出了一种基于L1范数的二维局部保留映射(two-dimensional locality preserving projections based on L1-norm,2DLPP-L1)特征提取方法。与传统的基于L2范数的二维局部保留映射(2DLPP)相比,所提方法有两个优点。首先,由于L1范数对噪声不敏感,因此它具有更强的抗噪声能力;其次,它不需要进行特征值分解。在两个人脸数据库和一个手写数字数据集上的实验结果表明,当训练集中有噪声时,所提的2DLPP-L1能够取得优于传统2DLPP的分类性能。     

基于直接局部保持投影和尺度不变特征变换的人脸识别方法

尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法提取的人脸特征具有一定的鲁棒性,但存在数据维数过高和计算过于复杂的问题。为此,提出一种基于直接局部保持投影-尺度不变特征变换(DLPP-SIFT)的人脸识别算法。首先采用SIFT算法进行特征提取,然后结合子空间方法局部保持投影(LPP)进行降维,利用直接对角化方法求取特征矩阵,解决了LPP的奇异值问题。在ORL和FERET人脸库的实验结果表明,DLPP-SIFT算法可显著减少计算复杂度和特征匹配时间,与SIFT、主成分分析(PCA)-SIFT、LPP-SIFT相比,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于核的监督流形学习算法

针对流形学习算法——局部保持映射存在的参数选择及不能进行非线性特征提取的问题,提出一种基于核的监督流形学习算法.该算法作为局部保持映射算法的改进算法用样本类标识信息指导建立局部最近邻图,并在建立局部最近邻图使用无参数的相似度量.利用核方法来解决局部保持映射算法在处理线性不可分问题上的局限性问题.在两个常用数据库上验证本文算法的可行性和有效性.     

An adaptively weighted sub-pattern locality preserving projection for face recognition

In this paper, an adaptively weighted sub-pattern locality preserving projection (Aw-SpLPP) algorithm is proposed for face recognition. Unlike the traditional LPP algorithm which operates directly on the whole face image patterns and obtains a global face features that best detects the essential face manifold structure, the proposed Aw-SpLPP method operates on sub-patterns partitioned from an original whole face image and separately extracts corresponding local sub-features from them. Furthermore, the contribution of each sub-pattern can be adaptively computed by Aw-SpLPP in order to enhance the robustness to facial pose, expression and illumination variations. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by extensive experiments on three standard face databases (Yale, YaleB and PIE). Experimental results show that Aw-SpLPP outperforms other holistic and sub-pattern based methods.     

基于加权均值人脸的多姿态人脸识别

针对姿态变化人脸问题,本文提出一种加权均值人脸的概念。根据人脸姿态变化时左右摇摆角度的变化,首先定义了构建均值人脸时每幅姿态变化人脸权值的计算方法,并提出加权均值人脸的构建方法。然后,结合姿态人脸的俯仰角度变化,将姿态变化人脸划分为俯视、平视和仰视三个层次,针对每个层次构建加权均值人脸,形成加权均值人脸矩阵。最后,针对加权均值人脸矩阵存在数据冗余的问题,采用改进的局部保持投影算法进行深层特征提取,获取关键识别信息。实验结果表明,本文所提方法能有效提取俯仰变化和左右摇摆变化情况下人脸的关键信息,使识别效果得到较大改善。     

基于推广流形学习的高分辨遥感影像目标分类

针对传统的流形学习算法不能对位于黎曼流形上的协方差描述子进行有效降维这一问题，本文提出一种推广的流形学习算法，即基于Log-Euclidean黎曼核的自适应半监督正交局部保持投影（Log-Euclidean Riemannian kernel-based adaptive semi-supervised orthogonal locality preserving projection，LRK-ASOLPP），并将其成功用于高分辨率遥感影像目标分类问题.首先，提取图像每个像素点处的几何结构特征，计算图像特征的协方差描述子；其次，通过采用Log-Euclidean黎曼核将协方差描述子投影到再生核Hilbert空间；然后，基于流形学习理论，建立黎曼流形上半监督正交局部保持投影算法模型，利用交替迭代更新算法对目标函数进行优化求解，同时获得相似性权矩阵和低维投影矩阵；最后，利用求得的低维投影矩阵计算测试样本的低维投影，并用K—近邻、支持向量机（Support victor machine，SVM）等分类器对其进行分类.三个高分辨率遥感影像数据集上的实验结果说明了该算法的有效性与可行性.     

青铜器纹饰特征增强及自动提取

目的 青铜器是我国的文化瑰宝,然而出土青铜器大多破损、变形,需要修复以进行保护。随着3维激光扫描技术及数字几何处理研究的发展,文物数字化修复技术得到了广泛的重视。在青铜器修复过程中需要将相邻碎片的纹饰对准,以保证纹饰的连续性,从而保证修复质量。因此,青铜器纹饰特征的有效提取是青铜器修复过程中的一项重要工作,鉴于青铜器纹饰特征一般具有比较明显的尖锐边,本文提出并实现了一种青铜器尖锐特征增强及自动提取算法。方法 首先,为了减少网格均匀度对特征提取的不利影响,提出一种加权法向距离;其次,为了增强尖锐特征提取效果,提出一种逆双边滤波算法,并利用该算法获得反锐化掩膜,增强法向距离间的差异性,使得大的更大,小的更小;最后,采用Otsu算法自动确定分割阈值,依据该阈值把网格顶点分为特征点集和非特征点集,实现青铜器纹饰特征的提取。结果 对实际3维激光扫描获得的青铜器模型,分别采用本文算法和Tran等人提出的尖锐特征自动提取算法进行了纹饰特征提取,包括采用两种算法进行了纹饰特征增强前后纹饰特征提取实验,本文使用的3个模型点数在6 000至80万之间,这些模型都可以在1 s到10 s之间得到最终的提取结果,具有较高的效率。同时,本文算法可以更为准确地提取尖锐特征点,且得到的特征点更为连续,有利于进一步的处理。结论 采用本文提出的青铜器纹饰提取算法,能够自动、高效地提取青铜器纹饰特征。     

完备鉴别保局投影人脸识别算法

为了充分利用保局总体散布主元空间内的鉴别信息进行人脸识别,提出了一种完备鉴别保局投影(complete discriminant locality preserving projections,简称CDLPP)人脸识别算法.鉴于Fisher鉴别分析和保局投影已经被广泛的应用于人脸识别,完备鉴别保局投影(locality preserving projections,简称LPP)算法将这两者结合起来,分析了保局类内散布、类间散布和总体散布的主元空间和零空间内包含的鉴别信息.该算法采用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,简称SVD),去除了不含任何鉴别信息的保局总体散布的零空间;分别在保局类内散布的主元空间和零空间提取规则鉴别特征和不规则鉴别特征;用串联的方式在特征层融合规则鉴别特征和不规则鉴别特征形成完备的鉴别特征进行人脸识别.在ORL库、FERET子库和PIE子库上的大量识别实验充分表明了完备鉴别保局投影算法的性能优于线性鉴别分析、保局投影和鉴别保局投影等现有的子空间人脸识别算法,验证了算法的有 效性.     

应用LTRNet卷积特征的ECO目标跟踪算法改进

本文提出了一种基于应用高效卷子算子(ECO)改进的LRECT跟踪算法. 首先, 为了增强网络所提取特征的 识别能力, 堆叠线性两步(LT)残差结构设计具有32层的线性两步方法性质的残差网络(LTRNet), 并且融合该网络浅 层与深层卷积特征信息形成跟踪算法的特征提取模块; 其次, 采用投影矩阵压缩LTRNet提取的高维特征, 将压缩特 征通过插值处理后, 与当前滤波器在傅里叶域进行卷积定位确定目标位置; 最后, 使用高斯牛顿算法和共轭梯度算 法求解以响应误差和惩罚项之和为优化目标的优化问题, 实现滤波器和投影矩阵的更新. 在OTB2015标准数据集 上进行测试实验, 结果表明本文所提算法可以实现较高精度的稳健性跟踪.     

Hand-based single sample biometrics recognition

Currently, single sample biometrics recognition (SSBR) has emerged as one of the major research contents. It may lead to bad recognition result. To solve this problem, we present a novel approach by fusing two kinds of hand-based biometrics, i.e., palmprint and middle finger. We obtain their discriminant features by combining statistical information and structural information of each modal which are extracted using locality preserving projection (LPP) based on wavelet transform (WT). In order to reduce the influence of affine transform, we utilize mean filtering to enhance the robustness of structural information to improve the discriminant ability of palmprint high-frequency sub-bands. The two types of features are then fused at score level for the final hand-based SSBR. The experiments on the hand image database that contains 1,000 samples from 100 individuals show that the proposed feature extraction and fusion methods lead to promising performance.     

Hallucinating faces: LPH super-resolution and neighbor reconstruction for residue compensation

A two-phase face hallucination approach is proposed in this paper to infer high-resolution face image from the low-resolution observation based on a set of training image pairs. The proposed locality preserving hallucination (LPH) algorithm combines locality preserving projection (LPP) and radial basis function (RBF) regression together to hallucinate the global high-resolution face. Furthermore, in order to compensate the inferred global face with detailed inartificial facial features, the neighbor reconstruction based face residue hallucination is used. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed LPH algorithm can generate global face more similar to the ground truth face efficiently, moreover, the patch structure and search strategy carefully designed for the neighbor reconstruction algorithm greatly reduce the computational complexity without diminishing the quality of high-resolution face detail. The details of synthetic high-resolution face are further improved by a global linear smoother. Experiments indicate that our approach can synthesize distinct high-resolution faces with various facial appearances such as facial expressions, eyeglasses efficiently.     

Two-dimensional locality preserving projections (2DLPP) with its application to palmprint recognition

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for image feature extraction, namely, the two-dimensional locality preserving projections (2DLPP), which directly extracts the proper features from image matrices based on locality preserving criterion. Experimental results on the PolyU palmprint database show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Partition selection with sparse autoencoders for content based image classification

Managing colossal image datasets with large dimensional hand-crafted features is no more feasible in most of the cases. Content based image classification (CBIC) of these large image datasets calls for the need of dimensionality reduction of features extracted for the purpose. This paper identifies the escalating challenges in the discussed domain and introduces a technique of feature dimension reduction by means of identifying region of interest in a given image with the use of reconstruction errors computed by sparse autoencoders. The automated process identifies the significant regions in an image for feature extraction. It not only improves the dimension of useful features but also contributes to increased classification results compared to earlier approaches. The reduction in number of one kind of features easily makes space for the inclusion of other features whose fusion facilitates improved classification performance compared to individual feature extraction techniques. Two different datasets, i.e. Wang dataset and Corel 5K dataset have been used for the experiments. State-of-the-art classifiers, i.e. Support Vector Machine and Extreme Learning Machine are used for CBIC. The proposed techniques are evaluated and compared in the context of both the classifiers and analysis of results suggests the appropriateness of the proposed methods for real time applications.

     

基于步态能量图的特征提取

本文提出了采用步态能量图作为检测的特征,由于直接提取到的特征序列维数较高,需要对特征序列进行降维处理.本文采用保局映射投影(LPP)方法对特征序列进行降维,得到了较好的效果.